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This cross-sectional study investigated the associations of obesity and body dissatisfaction (BD) with health-related biopsychosocial parameters in adolescents, and the magnitude of these associations. The sample was composed of 239 overweight/obese adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years. Data was analyzed by means of a structural equation model, composed of obesity as the exogenous variable and five endogenous variables: BD, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical fitness (PF), readiness for behavior change (RBC), and eating habits. The model adjustment indicators were considered adequate (RMSEA = .03, [chi]2(df) = 124.6(94), CFI = .96, TLI = .95, GFI = .94). We identified a direct and negative relationship between obesity and BD (r = -.698, p < .001), and a direct relationship between these variables and HRQoL (Obesity: r = -.539, p < .001; BD: r = -.563, p < .001), PF (Obesity: r = -.424, p = .015; BD: r = -.393, p = .020), RBC (Obesity: r = -.445, p = .10; BD: r = -.448, p = .007), and eating habits (Obesity: r = .311, p = .032; BD: r = .363, p = .028). BD seems to play an important mediating role in health-related biopsychosocial parameters in adolescents. In addition, the negative consequences of BD on HRQoL, PF, eating habits and RBC appear to occur in a similar magnitude to those caused by obesity itself., Author(s): Caroline Ferraz Simões [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Nelson Nardo Junior [sup.1] [sup.4] , João Carlos Locatelli [sup.1] [sup.2] , Victor Hugo de Souza Mendes [sup.1] [sup.2] , Gustavo Henrique [...]

This narrative review highlights the degree to which new antiobesity medications based on gut-derived nutrient-stimulated hormones (incretins) cause loss of lean mass, and the importance of resistance exercise to preserve muscle. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) induce substantial weight loss in randomized trials, effects that may be enhanced in combination with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists. Liraglutide and semaglutide (GLP-1RA), tirzepatide (GLP-1 and GIP receptor dual agonist), and retatrutide (GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor triple agonist) are peptides with incretin agonist activity that induce ∼15–24% weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity, alongside beneficial impacts on blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, and insulin. However, these agents also cause rapid and significant loss of lean mass (∼10% or ∼6 kg), comparable to a decade or more of aging. Maintaining muscle mass and function as humans age is crucial to avoiding sarcopenia and frailty, which are strongly linked to morbidity and mortality. Studies indicate that supervised resistance exercise training interventions with a duration >10 weeks can elicit large increases in lean mass (∼3 kg) and strength (∼25%) in men and women. After a low-calorie diet, combining aerobic exercise with liraglutide improved weight loss maintenance compared with either alone. Retaining lean mass during incretin therapy could blunt body weight (and fat) regain on cessation of weight loss pharmacotherapy. We propose that tailored resistance exercise training be recommended as an adjunct to incretin therapy to optimize changes in body composition by preserving lean mass while achieving fat loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central blood pressure (cBP) is considered an independent predictor of organ damage, cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Evidence has shown that high intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and vascular function. However, the effects of these aerobic training modalities on cBP have not yet been properly reviewed.This meta-analysis aims to investigate to effects of HIIT versus MICT on cBP.We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared HIIT versus MICT on cBP. Primary outcomes were measures of central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and central diastolic blood pressure (cDBP). Peripheral systolic blood pressure (pSBP) and diastolic blood pressure (pDBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were analyzed as second outcomes. Meta-analysis of mean differences (MD) was conducted using the random effects model.Our study included 163 patients enrolled in six trials. We found that HIIT was superior to MICT in reducing the cSBP (MD = -3.12 mmHg, 95% CI: -4.75 to -1.50, p = 0.0002) and SBP (MD = -2.67 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.18 to -0.16, p = 0.04), and increasing VO2max(MD = 2.49 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 1.25 to 3.73, p = 0.001). However, no significant differences were reported for cDBP, DBP and PWV.HIIT was superior to MICT in reducing the cSBP, which suggests its potential role as a non-pharmacological therapy for high blood pressure.