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Woody vegetation diversity is declining due to human-induced land-use changes, mainly agricultural expansion and intensification, deforestation, forest degradation and urbanisation. This loss challenges the resilience and sustainability of smallholder farming landscapes, in which woody vegetation plays an important role for the provision of multiple material and non-material benefits to people and nature. In this review, we examine the relevance and application of established social-ecological resilience principles to woody vegetation management and explore how the resilience of smallholder farming landscapes can be enhanced in the Global South. To this end, we conducted a qualitative review and purposefully selected scientific literature relevant to each resilience principle. Exemplified by different cases from across the Global South, we collate evidence for the significance of all principles for woody vegetation management. Our review also sheds light on widespread obstacles to sustainable woody vegetation management and landscape resilience, such as the pursuit of top-down and sectoral policies for agriculture and woody vegetation management, deep-rooted power dynamics and asymmetries, and the marginalisation of local people and their traditional knowledge systems. Applying resilience principles to woody vegetation management in smallholder farming landscapes therefore requires transformative changes that enable paradigm shifts, for example, through more genuine recognition of local people and their livelihoods, knowledge and experiences. Highlights: Ongoing ecosystem destruction and unsustainable development pathways are posing a challenge in smallholder farming landscapes of the Global South. More specifically, they are triggering rapid loss of ecological and social diversity. These mainly affect the diversity of woody vegetation and ecosystem services, which are essential for nature and human life. To manage such landscapes, it is therefore useful to think of them as interconnected social-ecological systems and use resilience principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the establishment of many civilizations over the centuries in Anatolia, where East and West are synthesized, Anatolian lands have become the center of different cultures, beliefs, traditions, customs and lifestyles. Among this diversity, the belief in Hızır, believed by almost every society with different names and depictions, stands out. In this regard, the aim of the study is to evaluate the Dursunlu/Hızır Aleyhisselam tomb, which has one of the rare legends in Antakya, and the Hızır Aleyhisselam belief by the local people. Qualitative research method was preferred in the study and the data were obtained with a semi-structured interview form. The data obtained from 16 volunteer participants in Dursunlu were transferred to the MAXQDA program and analyzed. As a result of the study, it was determined that the local people see Hızır as the representative of God on earth or as a holy being, that the belief in Hızır is deep-rooted, that various legends about Hızır are believed, and that the tomb of Hızır Aleyhisselam has the characteristics of spiritual peace, protection from evil, blessing and socialization. Finally, since the Tomb of Hızır Aleyhisselam is important in terms of national values and faith tourism, it is protected by the local people and tried to be transferred to future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to reveal how the concept of geographical indication is perceived by the local people living in Rize. To achieve this, the Word Association Test (WAT) was used to measure the concept of geographical indication. Data was collected from a total of 31 locals living in Rize using the WAT form. The analysis revealed that 52 words were repeated 212 times. The most frequently repeated words were "Laz Böreği" (21), "Tea" (20), and "Kara Lahana" (17). The words associated with the concept of geographical indication are products commonly found in almost every home and business in Rize. It is known that only one of these products has geographical indication registration. Overall, responses from participants indicated that 9 out of 15 geographically indicated products in Rize were mentioned. Additionally, participants provided definitions of geographical indication that were close to the original meaning. These results suggest that the local people in Rize have knowledge about the concept of geographical indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local people (athletes, coaches, referees, spectators, citizens) are considered as one of the important stakeholders in sports tourism destinations. This research was conducted to determine the perceptions of local people living in Kocaeli province towards the development of sports tourism and to examine them in terms of various variables. Quantitative research method was used in the research. A total of 410 participants from Kocaeli local people participated in the research voluntarily. Research data was collected between January 1, 2023 and April 30, 2023, and SPSS 22 package program was used in the analysis of the data. When the research findings were examined in terms of variables such as gender, education level, age, employment status and type of participation in sports tourism, it was determined that there were significant differences. No difference was detected in terms of the place of birth variable. According to the perception of the local people, it has been determined that there are significant relationships between the studies on the development of sports tourism and its contribution to the city, the availability of suitable areas, the identification of areas and the impact sub-factors. According to local people, there are suitable areas for the development of sports tourism in Kocaeli, but it has been concluded that the features that these areas should have (suitable venues, accessibility and security) are not sufficient. It has been suggested that infrastructure works should be carried out for the development of sports tourism. As a result of the research, it was determined that the perception of Kocaeli local people towards the development of sports tourism is at a high level. However, the research also identified the need to inform local people about sports tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Thrace Vineyard Route Project", launched in 2013 with the support of the Thrace Development Agency, is the first vineyard route project in Turkey. The aim of the study is to determine the perception of local people about the Thrace Vineyard Route and the Edirne Vineyard Route, Gelibolu Vineyard Route, Kırklareli Vineyard Route, and Tekirdağ Vineyard Route, through metaphors. Research data was obtained by interviewing 100 people among the local people living on the Thrace Vineyard Route between 02.01.2024-22.01.2024. In the research, metaphors developed for the Thrace Vineyard Route are examined under 10 categories. These categories are respectively, gastronomic elements, touristic elements, nature elements, visual elements, cultural value elements, abstract elements, economic elements, family elements, emotional elements, and artistic elements. The local people on the Thrace Vineyard Route generally have a hospitable and traditional lifestyle. Agriculture and viticulture on the Thrace Vineyard Route are important economic activities in the region. Some of the local people work in these sectors. People living in the region have positive opinions about the Thrace Vineyard Route, which is a route where they obtain employment opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woody vegetation diversity is declining due to human-induced land-use changes, mainly agricultural expansion and intensification, deforestation, forest degradation and urbanisation. This loss challenges the resilience and sustainability of smallholder farming landscapes, in which woody vegetation plays an important role for the provision of multiple material and non-material benefits to people and nature. In this review, we examine the relevance and application of established social-ecological resilience principles to woody vegetation management and explore how the resilience of smallholder farming landscapes can be enhanced in the Global South. To this end, we conducted a qualitative review and purposefully selected scientific literature relevant to each resilience principle. Exemplified by different cases from across the Global South, we collate evidence for the significance of all principles for woody vegetation management. Our review also sheds light on widespread obstacles to sustainable woody vegetation management and landscape resilience, such as the pursuit of top-down and sectoral policies for agriculture and woody vegetation management, deep-rooted power dynamics and asymmetries, and the marginalisation of local people and their traditional knowledge systems. Applying resilience principles to woody vegetation management in smallholder farming landscapes therefore requires transformative changes that enable paradigm shifts, for example, through more genuine recognition of local people and their livelihoods, knowledge and experiences.

Guatemala is severely polluted with plastic waste, with open burning, illegal dumping, and leaking landfills causing widespread harms. What actions, this article asks, are local people taking to reduce this pollution? What, more broadly, does this suggest for the power of grassroots environmentalism to influence plastics governance in Guatemala? Drawing on fieldwork in 2023 and 2024, our study finds that local efforts to eliminate single-use plastics have been surging across Guatemala since 2016. Formidable political and industry forces, however, are limiting the scaling up of these efforts. This article, the first to investigate the politics of reducing single-use plastic waste in Guatemala, deepens the understanding of the agency and power of local people in the Global South to shape environmental governance while emphasizing the importance of accounting for the political and economic forces thwarting the scaling up of community actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Tourism Research (JoHUT) is the property of Journal of Humanities & Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the implementation of a pilot model for promoting community-based conservation through a contracting program in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, located in Son La province, northern Vietnam, from 2014 to 2022. To assess the effectiveness of the program, in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 officials and 100 individuals residing in three villages. The findings revealed that the program successfully facilitated community-based conservation by involving local communities in participatory land use planning and forest protection at the village level. The study identified four main factors that contributed to the successful implementation of the program: (1) clearly defined objectives, (2) the establishment of a stable rule system, (3) garnering support from local people, and (4) promoting associated activities. Given these positive outcomes, this model can be applied and scaled-up throughout Vietnam, particularly in areas where local communities coexist within protected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Studies found that rapid decline of biodiversity and ecosystems globally have adversely affected an estimated 1.6 billion rural people whose livelihoods both directly and indirectly depend on forests. To halt the loss of forests and other natural ecosystems that simultaneously support rural livelihoods, various external programmes have been developed and applied, including market‐based and rights‐based approaches. However, rapid biodiversity and ecosystem decline continues, and better incentives or more secure rights have not always led to local community participation and improved livelihoods. This suggests the need to better explain local communities' motivations in nature stewardship. We conducted a study of local communities in two villages in Sulawesi who voluntarily maintain forests but showed resistance to participation in formal Social Forestry programmes. The study aimed to identify motivations and underlying reasons of community preferences, guided by two research questions: (i) how did local people value forest landscapes? and (ii) how did those values interact with externally driven Social Forestry programmes? We applied the Relational Values concept to understand a community's relations with the forest (or its elements) and land and identified points of value divergence. Data collection involved in‐depth semi‐structured interviews, focus group discussions framed by the principles of Appreciative Inquiry, participant observation and land use/land cover change analysis. Our findings show that people value their forests in relation to their identity, ancestral heritage, sense of place and spiritual values. We also identified the points of value divergence and their underlying reasons of resistance towards externally driven forestry programmes. This study thus contributes to the broader conceptualisation of values in conservation and community participation by providing empirical evidence on the importance of the Relational Values framework in understanding the motivation and behaviour of nature stewardship and in the evaluation of value conflicts. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

This study seeks to assess the recreational experience preferences and satisfaction levels of both local residents and second home owners in Alanya. Research findings were obtained from 396 participants through a questionnaire using convenience sampling method. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA tests were applied to analyse the data. As a result of the research, it was determined that the participants mostly visited friends, could not participate in activities due to time constraints and expected recreational areas to be cleaner. While the majority of the participants in the research define the concept of recreation correctly, it can be said that they prefer to participate in outdoor recreation activities and participate in the activities with their friends. Resident foreigners attach more importance to social recognition, skill development and achievement experiences than local people. Furthermore, the satisfaction level of resident foreigners with recreational areas is higher than the local people. The independent variables account for 15% of the variation in the dependent variable.

The natural environment provides ecosystem goods and services, and humans benefit from these goods and ecosystem services by being and living around them. The existence of these ecosystem services guarantees a good and healthy life for humans. Understanding of these benefits by people is very important. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the relationship between demographic factors and the understanding of ecosystem services by local people in the southern parts of Mashhad city. In this research, the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to investigate the significant difference between gender, age, education, income, and occupation groups and the understanding of ecosystem services. The results obtained from this statistical test showed that age has the greatest effect on eight ecosystem services, and gender has the least effect on the understanding of ecosystem services. The results of this research can help urban authorities pursue participatory urban planning and management processes that incorporate people’s interests and concerns..

Freshwater scarcity is a growing issue in water-scarce countries, and the rising population increasingly depends on unconventional water sources, like desalinated seawater. The environmental impact of desalination is crucial, and it is equally important for stakeholders to comprehend these effects as the success of projects relies on the participation and support of local communities. However, there are varied and at times conflicting opinions regarding the environmental impact of desalination plants among the general public. This study examines public attitudes of the environmental effects of desalination plant operations through the use of questionnaires conducted along a section of the coast of Chabahar in the southeast of Iran. According to the results, there is a positive significant relationship between knowledge and factual knowledge of citizens about the environmental impact of desalination plants (p

The dataset in this article presents indigenous knowledge of Dayak, Malay, and Chinese ethnic communities in Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data was collected by involving three categories of main informants, namely community leaders, the main actors directly involved in indigenous knowledge of their tribe. Key informants are community leaders referred to as leaders or elders in their tribe's indigenous knowledge. They are recommended informants, namely the general Dayak, Malay, and Chinese, who know and maintain indigenous knowledge of their tribes. Research instruments were used to obtain data using open interview sheets, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data was collected to screen local content owned by Dayak, Malay, and Chinese communities in Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, that have the value of local wisdom. The urgency of data collection is to document indigenous knowledge to preserve local communities' culture.

The restoration of urban river reaches is becoming increasingly important today, often because of their poor condition and their role in the green infrastructure system. Involving local people can be a useful step in these projects. In the present research, we aim to explore the perceived naturalness and aesthetic value of riverside landscapes and their interrelationships. We conducted our research by an online questionnaire survey with photographs involving three cities along river Zagyva in Hungary. Our results show that perceived naturalness is important for the perception of the aesthetic value of landscapes, especially for the riverbed and vegetation; however, the aesthetic value of built elements is more positive than the perception of their naturalness. Perceived naturalness corresponded well to ecological naturalness for most of the explored aspects (e.g. proportion and naturalness of riverside woody vegetation, the presence of built elements). As the presence of deadwood in the riverbed was perceived aesthetically decidedly negative, its beneficial effects for nature conservation needs to be presented through environmental education and awareness raising projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an attempt is made to understand the behavioral intentions towards climate change mitigation using Ajzen’s framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. It examines the factors that influence mitigation behavioral intentions among local people in Ghana. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique, the analysis finds that climate change knowledge, and the perceived risk of climate change have statistically significant impacts on attitudes towards mitigation of climate change. Subsequently, the study findings also show that mitigation attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a statistically significant influence on behavioral intentions towards climate change mitigation. Moreover, the results illustrate that the strength of the significant association between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intentions is greater compared with the significant association between subjective norms, attitude and behavioral intentions. The study findings will support government in the formulation of climate change mitigation policies and programs, ultimately aiding sustainable development. Finally, the study, through its limitations, offers suggestions for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies found that rapid decline of biodiversity and ecosystems globally have adversely affected an estimated 1.6 billion rural people whose livelihoods both directly and indirectly depend on forests. To halt the loss of forests and other natural ecosystems that simultaneously support rural livelihoods, various external programmes have been developed and applied, including market‐based and rights‐based approaches. However, rapid biodiversity and ecosystem decline continues, and better incentives or more secure rights have not always led to local community participation and improved livelihoods. This suggests the need to better explain local communities' motivations in nature stewardship.We conducted a study of local communities in two villages in Sulawesi who voluntarily maintain forests but showed resistance to participation in formal Social Forestry programmes. The study aimed to identify motivations and underlying reasons of community preferences, guided by two research questions: (i) how did local people value forest landscapes? and (ii) how did those values interact with externally driven Social Forestry programmes?We applied the Relational Values concept to understand a community's relations with the forest (or its elements) and land and identified points of value divergence. Data collection involved in‐depth semi‐structured interviews, focus group discussions framed by the principles of Appreciative Inquiry, participant observation and land use/land cover change analysis.Our findings show that people value their forests in relation to their identity, ancestral heritage, sense of place and spiritual values. We also identified the points of value divergence and their underlying reasons of resistance towards externally driven forestry programmes. This study thus contributes to the broader conceptualisation of values in conservation and community participation by providing empirical evidence on the importance of the Relational Values framework in understanding the motivation and behaviour of nature stewardship and in the evaluation of value conflicts. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was prepared to examine the effects of cultural authenticity perception by local people on destination attachment and intention to support cultural heritage tourism. The study also investigated the moderator role of cultural sustainability perception. It was conducted in Manavgat, one of the most popular touristic destinations in Turkey. According to the study results, a positive effect was detected between the perception of cultural authenticity, destination attachment, and the intention to support cultural heritage tourism. In addition, the results indicate the existence of a moderator role of cultural sustainability perception in the relationship between destination loyalty and intention to support cultural heritage tourism. As a consequence of the findings obtained, a number of theoretical and practical suggestions have been presented to sector representatives, destination management organizations, and academics working in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the increase in the health-based needs of individuals, the importance of nature-based health tourism (NBHT) has also increased. NBHT events provide various contributions to the destinations as well as tourists. The main purpose of the study is to learn the views of the local people living in Edremit Gulf on DTST, the sub-objectives of the study are to reveal the potential of the region for this type of tourism and to make a SWOT (Status) Analysis of the region in terms of DTST. In this study, interview technique from qualitative research methods have been used to collect data. In this direction, data were collected from 108 participants (local people) between June 15, 2022, and January 6, 2023, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Maxqda has been used in the analysis of the data obtained from the field research. It has been determined that "thermal springs", "Kaz and Madra Mountains", "sea, sand and sun", "view areas" and "forests" are formed of the potential for DTST in Edremit Gulf. Besides, it has been determined that "nature walks", "utilizing thermal resources", and "cycling" are among the prominent activities in the destination. On the other hand, it has been determined that the strongest aspect of Edremit Gulf is "rich natural resources", and the weakest aspect is "transportation, vehicles and traffic/parking problems" in terms of NBHT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Research Aims: Biodiversity loss is a recent global crisis largely due to intense anthropogenic pressures. A study was conducted in Wenchi highlands in the late 2020 and early 2021 to explore the major challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation. Methods: Data were collected using semi–structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and direct observations from four relatively accessible highland villages. The questionnaires were administered to 395 randomly selected household farmers based on their accessibility, presence of natural forest remnants and proximity to an iconic Lake Wenchi. Results: The types of natural resource utilizations (χ2=87.94, df=4, P < 0.05) and the attitudes of the local community varied among the respondents (χ2=110.92, df=2, P < 0.05). The majority of the respondents used the natural resources as sources of firewood (70.19%) and for cattle grazing (63.51%). Most of the community members (56.47%) had a positive attitude towards biodiversity conservation. Only 12.14% had no idea about biodiversity conservation. The study also identified land-use changes, exotic plantations, soil erosion, illegal land grabbing, and burning of ericaceous belts as the major conservation challenges in the area. The severity level of conservation threats also varied significantly (χ2=243.519, df=6, P < 0.05). Overgrazing, firewood collection and land-use changes were the most serious biodiversity challenges. A unique topographic beauty, rich floras and faunas, recent global and regional recognitions, positive outlooks of the local people, and ecotourism development projects in the area were the main possible conservation opportunities. Conclusion: Anthropogenic activities severely threatened Wenchi montane forests and wildlife therein. Potential conservation opportunities in the area, however, opens up the door for future conservation actions. Implications for conservation: Wenchi highlands face severe conservation threats and need urgent conservation priorities and actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to assess the recreational experience preferences and satisfaction levels of both local residents and second home owners in Alanya. Research findings were obtained from 396 participants through a questionnaire using convenience sampling method. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA tests were applied to analyse the data. As a result of the research, it was determined that the participants mostly visited friends, could not participate in activities due to time constraints and expected recreational areas to be cleaner. While the majority of the participants in the research define the concept of recreation correctly, it can be said that they prefer to participate in outdoor recreation activities and participate in the activities with their friends. Resident foreigners attach more importance to social recognition, skill development and achievement experiences than local people. Furthermore, the satisfaction level of resident foreigners with recreational areas is higher than the local people. The independent variables account for 15% of the variation in the dependent variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pangolins in Nepal are found mostly in human‐dominated landscapes where their numbers are declining due to illegal hunting and trade. Positive attitudes of local people are believed to be powerful drivers for the conservation of threatened species. We explored local attitudes using a semi‐structured questionnaire survey of 1017 people from 105 villages in rural areas across Nepal to investigate the key factors influencing local attitudes towards pangolins and their conservation. Topography and education level were identified as strong predictors of attitude scores as was geographic variation associated with differences between provinces. Positive attitudes were observed in the majority of respondents from Madhesh Province and Koshi Province in eastern Nepal, in those with higher levels of education and those from the lowland Terai region. Respondents from Karnali Province, western Nepal and those living in the Mid‐hill region, had significantly lower attitude scores. However, a significant number of respondents with negative attitudes towards pangolins in Karnali Province also reported higher levels of illegal hunting. Local stewardship can be promoted through awareness campaigns and alternative livelihood initiatives. Collaboration with local communities and stakeholders as well as their capacity enhancement should be a priority for the sustainable conservation of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater scarcity is a growing issue in water-scarce countries, and the rising population increasingly depends on unconventional water sources, like desalinated seawater. The environmental impact of desalination is crucial, and it is equally important for stakeholders to comprehend these effects as the success of projects relies on the participation and support of local communities. However, there are varied and at times conflicting opinions regarding the environmental impact of desalination plants among the general public. This study examines public attitudes of the environmental effects of desalination plant operations through the use of questionnaires conducted along a section of the coast of Chabahar in the southeast of Iran. According to the results, there is a positive significant relationship between knowledge and factual knowledge of citizens about the environmental impact of desalination plants (p<0.05). It was found that males reported higher knowledge and factual knowledge than females (p<0.05) which can be due to their higher education and their greater role in the family economy. As long as, those with higher marine-dependent livelihood showed a higher knowledge and factual knowledge in using desalinators (p<0.05). In addition, Internet and TV were the main information sources that used. In general, these results can help decision-makers in public participation programs and the trade-off between freshwater need environmental sustainability. Through determining the key role of environmental education, we suggested that education to local people should be placed at the urgent priority of development of technology for desalination of sea water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turizm Akademik Dergisi is the property of Turizm Akademik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The establishment and management of Protected Areas have become the cornerstones of biodiversity conservation strategies. However, efforts aimed to manage these areas have paid little or no attention to livelihoods and needs of the surrounding communities. Therefore, this study assesses the socio-economic predictors of the local people's needs and also establishes the link between biodiversity conservation and rural development. A survey of villages around four Nigerian national parks has been carried out to determine available infrastructural facilities, the facilities mostly desired by villagers and the socio-economic predictors of the local people's needs and their dependence on the national park resources. The selection of the study areas was performed through multi-stage random sampling, with a focus on villages within a 10-km radius of each national park boundaries. Primary data were collected from 1500 respondents in 106 local communities around four national parks, i.e. 22 around the Cross River National Park (CRNP), 22 around the Gashaka Gumti National Park (GGNP), 27 around the Kainji Lake National Park (KLNP), and 35 around the Old Oyo National Park (OONP). The collected data were analysed and presented descriptively, while logistic regression was used to identify the socio-demographic predictors of needs by local people. Results of the demographic characteristics show that there were more male respondents interviewed (73.2%) than female respondents (26.8%) in all four national parks. In all the four studied national parks, farming has a predominant occupation: CRNP (99.3%), GGNP (93.9%), KLNP (90.5%), and OONP (85.2%). The major number of respondents is married: CRNP (77.0%), GGNP (70.0%), KLNP (84.4%), and OONP (79.6%), and is within the age group of 15–25 years: CRNP (43.0%), GGNP (30.0%), KLNP (36.2%) and OONP (25.2%). All of the respondents interviewed in CRNP were Christians (100%), while the majority of respondents in GGNP (87.3%), KLNP (99.2%), and OONP (53.1%) were Muslims. In terms of educational qualifications, there was a high level of illiteracy among the people living around the studied national parks as most of the respondents in CRNP had primary (45.3%) and secondary education (32.7%). However, for the other three national parks, we demonstrated a higher percentage of non-formal education: GGNP (61.5%), KLNP (63.1%) and OONP (68.1%). The obtained results show that the study area is characterised by a lack of infrastructures, such as roads (96.4%), electricity (97.7%) and limited provision of service, such as medicine (91.1%), potable water (96.5%), and education services (86.6%). The majority of the interviewed respondents in communities around the national parks indicated the provision of health care centres (78.5%), boreholes/portable water (77.7%), roads (68.6%), the establishment of schools (59.7%) and employment (56.2%). Our results show that the communities' expectation was for basic infrastructures, such as the provision of potable water (77.5%), health care centres (78.5%), electricity (78.1%), and roads (68.9%). The logistic regression analysis indicated that the predictors of the respondents' infrastructural needs were gender (β = 0.068, p < 0.01), age (β = 0.032, p < 0.01), and education level (β = 0.047, p < 0.05). The study concludes that there is a need for the federal, state and local governments to provide the basic infrastructures in villages surrounding the studied national parks to reduce the pressure and over-dependence of the local people on the national park resources. The literacy campaign and conservation education should be taken to the grass-root because the majority of the local people are illiterates and live around biodiversity hotspots.

Rural tourism plays an increasing role in maintaining sustainable rural development. Integrating culture into rural tourism is multifaceted. Local communities have often been regarded as homogeneous, and different voices within them are selectively presented or re-interpreted by those in power. A better understanding of how and why cultures are integrated into rural tourism is urgently needed. This paper aims to investigate (1) the aims and motives of tourism managers to integrate cultural concepts into rural tourism; (2) who has participated in the cultural integration process; and (3) how cultures have been integrated into rural tourism. Based on a scoping literature review, we found that cultures could add more attractions, such as historical heritage, artwork, cultural landscape, customs, food, and language, to the natural landscape and bring more tourists to rural areas. However, integrating cultures into rural tourism is not always successful. Conflicts of interest among different stakeholders are also often found. Some of the worst cases of cultural integration have even destroyed the original natural landscape and local cultures. While cultural integration is complicated, injustice and perverse effects do not have to be a consequence of integrating cultures into rural tourism. Multi-way communication among tourism providers, managers, and consumers can mitigate disruptive outcomes and unlock positive social outcomes.

The natural environment provides ecosystem goods and services, and humans benefit from these goods and ecosystem services by being and living around them. The existence of these ecosystem services guarantees a good and healthy life for humans. Understanding of these benefits by people is very important. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the relationship between demographic factors and the understanding of ecosystem services by local people in the southern parts of Mashhad city. In this research, the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to investigate the significant difference between gender, age, education, income, and occupation groups and the understanding of ecosystem services. The results obtained from this statistical test showed that age has the greatest effect on eight ecosystem services, and gender has the least effect on the understanding of ecosystem services. The results of this research can help urban authorities pursue participatory urban planning and management processes that incorporate people's interests and concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National Parks can provide diverse benefits to those living in and around them, supporting livelihoods and providing opportunities to harvest natural resources and to participate in nature-based tourism. To explore the direct benefits to local people, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted in four villages in Langtang National Park, Nepal. Firewood and fodder / grasses were the main resources harvested by local people. Household size and the total number of livestock units were the only significant predictors of resource use (firewood and fodder). These findings suggest that local people are dependent on national park resources. Strategies to reduce firewood dependency and hence pressure on the national park forests are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Pangolins in Nepal are found mostly in human‐dominated landscapes where their numbers are declining due to illegal hunting and trade. Positive attitudes of local people are believed to be powerful drivers for the conservation of threatened species. We explored local attitudes using a semi‐structured questionnaire survey of 1017 people from 105 villages in rural areas across Nepal to investigate the key factors influencing local attitudes towards pangolins and their conservation. Topography and education level were identified as strong predictors of attitude scores as was geographic variation associated with differences between provinces. Positive attitudes were observed in the majority of respondents from Madhesh Province and Koshi Province in eastern Nepal, in those with higher levels of education and those from the lowland Terai region. Respondents from Karnali Province, western Nepal and those living in the Mid‐hill region, had significantly lower attitude scores. However, a significant number of respondents with negative attitudes towards pangolins in Karnali Province also reported higher levels of illegal hunting. Local stewardship can be promoted through awareness campaigns and alternative livelihood initiatives. Collaboration with local communities and stakeholders as well as their capacity enhancement should be a priority for the sustainable conservation of the species.

Rural tourism plays an increasing role in maintaining sustainable rural development. Integrating culture into rural tourism is multifaceted. Local communities have often been regarded as homogeneous, and different voices within them are selectively presented or re-interpreted by those in power. A better understanding of how and why cultures are integrated into rural tourism is urgently needed. This paper aims to investigate (1) the aims and motives of tourism managers to integrate cultural concepts into rural tourism; (2) who has participated in the cultural integration process; and (3) how cultures have been integrated into rural tourism. Based on a scoping literature review, we found that cultures could add more attractions, such as historical heritage, artwork, cultural landscape, customs, food, and language, to the natural landscape and bring more tourists to rural areas. However, integrating cultures into rural tourism is not always successful. Conflicts of interest among different stakeholders are also often found. Some of the worst cases of cultural integration have even destroyed the original natural landscape and local cultures. While cultural integration is complicated, injustice and perverse effects do not have to be a consequence of integrating cultures into rural tourism. Multi-way communication among tourism providers, managers, and consumers can mitigate disruptive outcomes and unlock positive social outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty / Erzincan Üniversitesi Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Erzincan University Faculty of Education Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nature parks are protected natural areas whose purposes are the protection and conservation of landscapes in which the interaction of human activities with nature over time has created a distinct area, with significant landscape and/or cultural value, often with great biological diversity. This is the case of Apuseni Nature Park, which includes a significant karst terrain and is a very important tourist destination. In this article, we examine the attitude of local people towards the protected area with the help of a questionnaire composed of 32 questions. After the general questions, the economic situation was examined first. Then the respondents had to evaluate the values and the difficulties of their region and their relation to tourism. The answers reveal that they are aware of the importance of tourism, which may represent a serious complementary income for them. The most intriguing questions were some open-ended questions, which focused on the relationship of locals to Apuseni Nature Park. Based on the answers, we can conclude that the negative opinions slightly dominate. The dissatisfaction of the locals, the feeling of limitations due to the park are expressed in many different ways. But probably the most relevant problems can be linked to the rules and laws. As it is a nature park, people in fact, live inside the park, thus, the equilibrium between their lives and the purposes of the park should be approached. The administration of the nature park should involve local people more closely in decision-making, and maybe certain rules should be changed.

According to the importance of Locals impact on conservation, this research had tried to find the role of locals in the protection of natural resources and ecosystems, and also tried to clarify the external laws which are affecting on local's livelihood. This research had done in Ab-e Ask village which is located on the edge of the Lar National Park and along the Haraz River, which is one of the five protected rivers in Iran, and it used the public participatory methods. Using the “Problem Tree,” “Before and After Diagram,” “Social Resources Map,” and etc., helped us to find the answers of: 1. The main reasons of water pollution 2. The land ownership‘s effect on livelihood 3. Finding the traditional approaches of conservation. Finally, the results were about: 1. The sewage of Haraz Road Restaurants and also the pollution of fish ponds were the main water pollution reasons. 2. The effect of Land Ownership Law was clarified and 3. There were two Local Traditions that protect the natural resources, one was called “Barf-e-Chal” which was about saving the water sources for the summer, and the other was about protecting the plants of region until the end of pollination season that results in protecting the flora.

Copyright of Journal of Travel & Hospitality Management / Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi is the property of SIMEDYA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering their central role as stakeholders at destination, local people's views and active participation in decision-making and implementation processes are important for the sustainability of tourism activities in the area. Therefore, it is of great importance to determine the local people's attitudes towards sustainable tourism and development. Goal of the current study is to reveal the importance and perceived performance of the local people towards sustainable tourism, in line with the sustainable tourism principles determined by the World Tourism Organization. In order to examine importance that local people give to these principles and perceived performance of their application, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method was applied. Data was collected from 389 locals in Demre District of Antalya city in Turkey with the survey technique. According to the findings of IPA, local people reported high levels of importance to all sustainable tourism principles. On the other hand, perceived performance of local people towards application of all the principles, except "protection of biological diversity", shows low levels. Unique contribution of the current study is in providing the perspective on how local people evaluate sustainable tourism principles and emphasizes the awareness of important and perceived performance differences when it comes to sustainable tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although new ecotourism indeed developed from the last years of the twentieth century, it has been receiving considerable attention from the whole society, because of its superiority compared to other types of tourism in terms of responsibility for people, nature, and environment. Ecotourism is becoming popular as visitors begin to pay more attention to minimizing their impact on the beautiful lands they come across. Vietnam has become an ideal place to provide many eco-tourism experiences for tourists interested in the environment. Tram Chim is one of the National Parks in Vietnam that has excellent potential to develop this type of ecotourism as it is considered a “small part“ of the ancient wetland ecosystem. Tram Chim National Park - Ramsar area is of international importance, ranking 2,000th in the world and 4th in Vietnam. Tram Chim National Park attracts many tourists because of its beautiful natural landscape and rare red-crowned crane and many other plants and animals in the Red Book. This article outlines the potentials, current status, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges in ecological tourism development. On that basis, propose some orientations and solutions to promote ecotourism development in Tram Chim National Park in the next time.

Although the impact of tourism and COVID-19 has been paid much attention, limited research considers the perspectives from local people working in tourism, especially those affected by the pandemic the most. This article examines the perspectives of tourism labors in Nha Trang, Vietnam on the dual impacts of tourism and the COVID-19 pandemic on their lives and the local economy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 participants working in different fields in a tourism sector. Results revealed that that before the COVID-19 hit Nha Trang, tourism had both positive and negative impacts on local people and economy. These impacts are differently among local people and economy. While tourism had improved the quality of local people lives who ran business relating to tourism activities such as hotels, restaurants, the tourism had damaged the local economy such as overloaded infrastructure and tourist facilities, lack of quality control of tourism, unfair competition between tourism companies, traffic congestion and floods in the city, and “zero-dollar tour”. When the COVID-19 hit, the local tourism firms had broken down, particularly firms target their services at foreign visitors. To deal with these challenges of tourism under the impact of COVID-19, this study also found out sustainable approaches such as diversifying sources of tourists, multiplying local people’s sources of income, and improving the local government’s tourism management. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Nature-based tourism, which includes visits to protected areas, is a growing trend. This may include consumptive and non-consumptive activities, with nature-based tourists being motivated to experience local culture and nature. Thus, tourism can contribute economically and socially to communities associated with protected areas, with the outcomes being both benefits and costs to local people. We carried out a systematic literature review to document and characterise the outcomes of nature-based tourism for people living in and around protected areas (terrestrial and inland waters). We evaluated 89 papers published from 1996 to 2020, most of which were conducted in low- and middle-income countries. The main benefits were employment, business opportunities and income, and the main costs were acculturation and abandonment of traditional lifestyle/practices, price inflation and conflict/crime. While most benefits were economic, most costs were socio-cultural. We found that benefits were most frequently experienced individually and costs experienced mostly at the collective or community levels. Inconsistencies in reporting of impacts suggests that future research should take a more consistent and systematic approach to evaluating benefits and costs of nature-based tourism from both the demographic and geographic perspectives, be more inclusive, and pay equal attention to objective and subjective measures of costs and benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thailand has faced many flooding crises, especially in 2011, which caused widespread damage to industrial parks and community zones. However, the negative consequences of flooding on the local people and workers in industrial zones have been little studied. This study focuses on the impacts of flooding after 2011 on the well-being of residents in industrial zones in terms of their work and livelihoods. Community-based research was used to explore the effects of floods on 647 respondents who worked in Rojana Industrial Park (N = 247) and those who lived around the park (N = 400). A questionnaire survey was conducted in February 2020. The results showed adverse impacts on the economy, accommodation, and well-being of both the local inhabitants and workers, whose monthly incomes and overtime jobs decreased significantly compared to before the disaster. However, local people suffered more from low incomes than workers of the company, as the employees' work status was maintained during the crisis. Japanese company culture is investigated as a factor in the higher resilience and recovery levels of company employees than the Rojana community. In addition, the workers were evacuated to other accommodations until the company recovered, while locals remained in their flooded homes. In addition, most respondents reported that mental health impacts were more likely to affect their mental health. For effective recovery and flood risk management, the government should follow up on employment, accommodation, and livelihood after a sudden flood, especially for the local people. A greater understanding of community risk, community engagement, and awareness-raising activities can enhance readiness, response, recovery, and resilience in disaster management by government, businesses, and local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National parks are considered assets of an area in conserving and preserving flora and fauna and recreational purposes, but these parks also provide valuable folk benefits for the local peoples. This study aimed to document the folk benefits obtained by local inhabitants from different indigenous angiosperms and their products in Sheikh Buddin National Park. Information from 250 respondents (240 male, 10 females) was gathered randomly about plants' medicinal and folk uses in the park. One hundred and sixteen plants species belonging to 99 genera and 50 families were recorded and identified with the help of available literature. Of these, monocots were represented by 17 species under 15 genera and 5 families, while dicots were represented by 99 species belonging to 84 genera and 45 families. The results reflect that 24% of plants were used as fodder, 29% fuel, 20% medicinal, 17% construction, and furniture, while 8% were used for ornamental purposes. The majority of the plant species were used as multipurpose. The most important medicinal plants were Caralluma edulis (Pamana), Withania ovata (Aspeghol), Pla-ntago ciliate (Aspeghol), Tribulus terrestris (Maklindey), and Fagonia indica (Spelaghzaie). Leaves and shoots were frequently utilized as remedies. We conclude from the study that angiosperms flora of the park can be used for different folk purposes and treating gastrointestinal, skin, and blood disorders ailments. In addition, we recommend the sustainable use of the flora to maintain the proper floristic composition in the studied site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the implementation of community-based tourism (CBT) at the tourist village in the local people’s perspective. The data were collected through observation, interview and library research. The key informant was local community who understands implementation of CBT at tourist village, with total 200 respondents. The result shows that the CBT has been well implemented at tourist village. The community perceives that, among the 20 statements mentioned in questionnaire, 2 items show that the local people’s perception is very good and 18 is good, meaning that CBT have economically, socially, culturally, environmentally, and politically contributed to them. The test result of the CFA shows that 5 factors have significantly contributed to the implementation of the CBT at tourist village. The result of each variable shows that 19 variables have contributed significantly, only one has not significantly contributed.

Deforestation has long been considered an alarming issue, while every developing country focuses on accelerating the GDP growth, while backlogging the environment quality. The literacy rate is a handy and effective tool that has a long-lasting impact on the economy; an efficient government body can launch a sustainable learning system which can develop and enrich the practice of a green economy. This paper aims to investigate the joint effect of good governance and literacy rate on sustainable forestland in developing countries. The researcher uses World Bank secondary open data, on which a multiple regression model is applied with the aim of analising the impact on forestland. Due to the use of secondary data, several missing values exist, where the author implies interpolation in R studio to imply regression Model. A sound and effective educational policy, coupled with government intervention can maintain a good balance among ecology, economy and socio-culture.

Wildlife management and conservation is challenged by public perceptions and fear of carnivores in communities living in close proximity to wild habitats, where large carnivores occur. Fear of carnivores influences peoplechr('39')s attitudes towards wild animals, further exacerbating the problems associated with effective conservation and management of wildlife. Here, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting rural attitudes towards brown bears in two protected areas (Southern-Central Alborz protected area and Taleghan prohibited hunting area) in Alborz province. To evaluate the effect of participant and experimental variables, we used a questionnaire survey. Data were collected from 200 randomly chosen residents from 70 villages across both study areas between winter of 2018 and summer of 2019. Binomial Logistic Regression was used to analyze the effect of independent variables on intervieweeschr('39') fear of coexistence with brown bears. Our results revealed that experiences of brown bear attacks on orchards, respondents’ belief of bears’ role in reforestation, gender, respondents’ belief that bears jeopardize people’s safety, and respondents’ concern for coexisting with brown bears play a significant role in shaping human fear towards this species. Development and implementation of educational programs to reduce local people’s fear of large carnivores and improving the sense of public participation in wildlife conservation and management programs, particularly in villages located in or adjacent to protected areas, are highly recommended.