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Pollinator declines can reduce the quantity and quality of pollination services, resulting in less pollen deposited on flowers and lower seed production by plants. In response to these reductions, plant species that cannot autonomously self-pollinate and thus are dependent on pollinators to set seed could plastically adjust their floral traits. Such plasticity could increase the opportunity for outcross pollination directly, as well as indirectly by affecting inflorescence traits.To test whether plants can respond to pollinator declines by plastically adjusting their floral traits, we simulated declines by experimentally reducing pollinator access to Lobelia siphilitica plants and measuring two traits of early- and late-season flowers: (1) floral longevity; and (2) sex-phase duration. To test whether plasticity in these floral traits affected inflorescence traits, we measured daily display size and phenotypic gender.We found that experimentally reducing pollination did not affect female-phase duration, but did extend the male-phase duration of early-season flowers by 13% and the longevity of late-season flowers by 12.8%. However, plants with an extended male phase did not have a more male-biased phenotypic gender, and plants with an extended floral longevity did not have a larger daily display.Our results suggest that plants can respond to pollinator declines by plastically adjusting both the longevity and sex-phase duration of their flowers. If this plasticity increases the opportunity for outcross pollination, then it could be one mechanism by which pollinator-dependent plant species maintain seed production as pollinators decline.

Lobelia giberroa Hemsl. is an endogenous Ethiopian medicinal plant with a long history of use in the treatment of malaria, bacterial and fungal diseases, and cancer. Here, we present the in vivo bioassay-guided fractionation of the 80% methanol extract of L. giberroa roots, which led to the isolation of lobetyolin. L. giberroa roots were extracted with 80% methanol, and the dried 80% methanol extract was fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Acute oral toxicity study was conducted according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 425 by using female Swiss albino mice. Antimalarial activity was assessed in Plasmodium berghei-infected Swiss albino mice. Through in vivo bioassay-guided fractionation processes lobetyolin, a C14-polyacetylene glucoside, was isolated from the methanol fraction by silica gel column chromatography as the main active ingredient from the plant. The chemical structure of lobetyolin was elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data (1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR. MS) including two dimensional NMR. The plant extract was considered safe for administration up to 2000 mg/kg. In the four-day suppressive test, the 80% methanol extract (400 mg/kg), methanol fraction (400 mg/kg), and lobetyolin (100 mg/kg) exhibited antimalarial activity, with chemosuppression values of 73.05, 64.37, and 68.21%, respectively. Compared to the negative control, which had a mean survival time of 7 days, the lobetyolin (100 mg/kg) and methanol fraction (400 mg/kg) treated groups had mean survival times of 18 and 19 days, respectively. The current study supports the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of malaria. The structural differences between lobetyolin and existing antimalarials, as well as its previously unknown antimalarial activity, make it of interest as an early lead compound for further chemical optimization., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Multi-drug resistant malaria parasites urge the discovery of newer drugs. • Lobelia giberroa is an indigenous traditional antimalarial plant of Ethiopia. • In vivo antimalarial-activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of lobetyolin. • Lobetyolin exhibits a promising antimalarial activity with an ED50 of 36.8 mg/kg. • Lobetyolin is a potential lead compound to develop a new class of antimalarial drugs.

The dopamine transporter (DAT) is targeted in substance use disorders (SUDs), and "non-classical”" DAT inhibitors with low abuse potential are therapeutic candidates. Lobinaline, from Lobelia cardinalis, is an atypical DAT inhibitor lead. Chemical synthesis of lobinaline is challenging; thus, "target-directed evolution" was used for lead optimization. A target protein is expressed in plant cells, and a mutant cell population is selected under conditions where target protein functional inhibition confers a survival advantage. Surviving mutants are "mined" for the targeted activity. Applied to a mutant L. cardinalis cell population expressing the human DAT, we identified 20 mutants overproducing DAT inhibitors. Microanalysis prioritized novel lobinaline derivatives, and we first investigated the more water-soluble lobinaline N-oxide. It inhibited rat synaptosomal [3H]DA uptake with an IC50 similar to lobinaline. Against repeated DA microinjections into the rat striatum, lobinaline produced transient DA clearance reductions. In contrast, lobinaline N-oxide prolongingly increased DA peak amplitudes, particularly in the ventral striatum. Lobinaline N-oxide also produced complex changes in post-peak DA clearance inconsistent with simple DAT inhibition. This unusual DAT interaction may prove therapeutically useful for treating SUDs. This study demonstrates the value of target-directed evolution of plant cells for optimizing lead compounds difficult to synthesize chemically.

Lobelia alanae sp. nov. M. A. Pérez-Pérez & T. J. Ayers (Figures 1–2) Type:— MEXICO. Puebla. Municipality of Ayotoxco de Guerrero. Copales. In a site called Espinazo del Diablo, near the Apulco river, 153 m elevation, 20.09053°N, 97.45086°W. 20 September 2016, M. Jiménez-Chimil and M. Gorostiza-Salazar 31421 (holotype: US!, isotypes: HUAP, IEB!, K!, MEXU, MO!). Diagnosis: Similar to Lobelia porphyrea, but with cauline leaves, a hemispheric hypanthium, calyx lobes with 1–2 pair of elongate, purple teeth at margins and one apical purple tooth and a spherical capsule 5–7 mm in diameter. Perennial herb from a woody caudex. Stems erect, branched well above base or unbranched, to 80 cm high, greenish, hirtellous. Leaves cauline, alternate, subsessile or petiolate, petioles 2–22 mm long; blades ovate to ovatelanceolate, 3–11.5 cm long, 0.9–4.3 cm wide, abruptly reduced above; base long-attenuate; apex apiculate-acuminate; margins minutely serrulate or biserrate, with white callosities at tips of teeth; glabrous to hirtellous especially along veins abaxially and near margins. Inflorescence racemose, bracteate; bracts sessile, linear-lanceolate, 5–9 mm long, 0.4–1.5 mm wide; apex apiculate; margins continuous with extremely small wings on stem; margins serrate, tipped with purple, elongate, callose teeth. Flowers pedicellate; pedicels 0.6–1.4 cm long, bi-bracteolate at base; bracteoles 1–2 mm long with a prominent purple apical gland, hirtellous or ciliate; hypanthium hemispheric, ca. 1.2–2.0 mm long, 2.3–2.9 mm wide, hirtellous, prominently veined; calyx lobes subulate, the two laterals often curved upward and overlapping the dorsal lobe in flower, 1.3–2.5 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, with 1 purple apical callosity, and 1–2 pair of marginal elongate pubescent purple callosities near base or middle; corolla bilabiate, pink; tube cylindrical, 10–16 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, slit dorsally except for ca. 3 mm at base, outer surface, hirtellous; limb bilabiate, bent upward ca. 45 degrees in bud; upper lobes oblong-spatulate, 3.3–4.3 mm long, 1.4–1.6 mm wide, acute, margins entire to irregularly undulate when dry, hirtellous along veins or glabrate; lower lobes obovate, 6.9–7.3 mm long, 3.3–4.5 mm wide, cuspidate, margins entire to irregularly undulate when dry, pink with a white patch at throat, hirtellous along veins or glabrate; stamens shorter than corolla tube; filaments white, free at base for 5–7 mm then connate into a tube ca. 4 mm long, the anthers blue-black, connate, 1.6–2.0 mm long, the three upper anthers covered with minute greyish hairs, the two lower anthers glabrous except for the numerous minute linear trichomes at apex; ovary bilocular, one-half inferior in flower, the style 10–12 mm long, the stigma lobes with minute whiteish hairsbelow. Capsule spherical, pendant on a reflexed pedicel, three-quarters or more inferior, 5–7 mm in diameter, strongly 10-veined, the veins persistent; seeds ca. 36, yellow to brown, ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm long, elongate-scabrate to reticulate-foveolate, shiny. Chromosome number: unknown. Specimens examined: MEXICO. Puebla. Municipality of Jonotla, Xiloxochit. Densely wooded hillside above Apulco river at a site called “Isla” near El Porvenir, about 20 minute walk from the Copalco chapel. 176 m, 20.10131° N, 97.45608° W, 28 May 2015, Ceferino Salgado-Castañeda 2540 (HUAP, MEXU, US!). Municipality of Ayotoxco de Guerrero. Copales.At a site called Espinazo del Diablo, alongside the road to Atsalan, 177 m, 20.09024°N, 97.45182°W, 01 July 2016, M. Jiménez-Chimil and M. Gorostiza-Salazar 31381 (ASC!, HUAP, MEXU, MO, US). Veracruz, Municipality of Mecatlán, to the north of the municipality, near the location of the antennas, 663 m, 20.20633°N, 97.67272° W, 7 May 2017, Osbel López-Francisco and Ceferino Salgado-Castañeda 76078 (ASC!, HUAP, MEXU, US); Municipality of Coahuitlán, along the major road Coahuitlán-Crucero, at the entrance to the village of Coahuitlán, 701 m, 20.25681° N, 97.73054° W, 10 August 2017, Osbel López-Francisco and Ceferino Salgado-Castañeda 76237 (ASC!, MEXU, US). Etymology: This species is named in the honor of Alana Amith who assisted her father, Jonathan Amith, in his work on the “Comparative Mesoamerican Ethnobiology of the Sierra Norte de Puebla ”. Habitat and conservation: Secondary Forest, tropical dry forest, and cloud forest. The primary botanical elements associated with Lobelia alanae are Bursera Jacquin ex Linnaeus (1762: 471), Leucaena Bentham (1842: 416–417), Ceratozamia Brongniart (1846: 7–8), Saurauia Willdenow (1801: 407), Inga Miller (1754: 498), and Cecropia obtusifolia Bertoloni (1840: 141). The Sierra Norte of Puebla is an important coffee region in Mexico. The coffee plantations are agroecosystems that include 256 native and 63 introduced species (Martinez et al. 2007). The type locality of L. alanae is at 153 meters elevation in a heavily shaded area about 20 meters above the Apulco river. The two other lowland collections (176 m) were also near the same river at a distance of 100 and 50 m. The two higher elevation collections in Veracruz (663 and 701 m) were not associated with a water way and, unlike the previous collections, they occurred in a relatively disturbed environment. Lobelia alanae is distributed in two Mexican states (Figure 3). The field teams noted that L. alanea grew in colonies. According to the amplitude of the range represented by the species distribution (less than 5% of the Mexican territory), this taxon is categorized as very restricted (SEMARNAT, 2010).

Lobeline is an alkaloid derived from the leaves of an Indian tobacco plant (

Smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption keeps human oral health at high risk which is one of the major reasons for oral tumorigenesis. The chemical constituents of the ST products have been well discussed; however, the inhabitant microbial diversity of the ST products is less explored especially from south Asian regions. Therefore, the present investigation discusses the bacteriome-based analysis of indigenous tobacco products. The study relies on 16S amplicon-based bacteriome analysis of Indian smokeless tobacco (ST) products using a metagenomic approach. A total of 59,15,143 high-quality reads were assigned to 34 phyla, 82 classes, 176 orders, 256 families, 356 genera, and 154 species using the SILVA database. Of the phyla ( 1%), Firmicutes dominate among the Indian smokeless tobacco followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria ( 1%). Whereas, at the genera level ( 1%), Lysinibacillus, Dickeya, Terribacillus, and Bacillus dominate. The comparative analysis between the loose tobacco (LT) and commercial tobacco (CT) groups showed no significant difference at the phyla level, however, only three genera (Bacillus, Aerococcus, and Halomonas) were identified as significantly different between the groups. It indicates that CT and LT tobacco share similar bacterial diversity and poses equal health risks to human oral health. The phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt 2.0) based analysis uncovered several genes involved in nitrate/nitrite reduction, biofilm formation, and pro-inflammation that find roles in oral pathogenesis including oral cancer. The strong correlation analysis of these genes with several pathogenic bacteria suggests that tobacco products pose a high bacterial-derived risk to human health. The study paves the way to understand the bacterial diversity of Indian smokeless tobacco products and their putative functions with respect to human oral health. The study grabs attention to the bacterial diversity of the smokeless tobacco products from a country where tobacco consumers are rampantly prevalent however oral health is of least concern.

Lobelioideae , the largest subfamily within Campanulaceae , includes 33 genera and approximately1200 species. It is characterized by resupinate flowers with zygomorphic corollas and connate anthers and is widely distributed across the world. The systematics of Lobelioideae has been quite challenging over the years, with different scholars postulating varying theories. To outline major progress and highlight the existing systematic problems in Lobelioideae , we conducted a literature review on this subfamily. Additionally, we conducted phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses for Lobelioideae using plastids and internal transcribed spacer regions. We found that former studies have reached agreement on the southern African origin of Lobelioideae , herbaceous habit and Asian origin of giant lobelioids, the convergent evolution of giant rosette lobelioids, and lastly, the multiple cosmopolitan and independent radiation of lobelioids in Africa, Pacific Basin, and the Hawaiian Islands. Also, Apetahia Baill., Sclerotheca A.DC., and Cyanea Gaudich. are paraphyletic, while Lobelia L., Pratia Gaudich., Centropogon C.Presl, Siphocampylus Pohl, and Isotoma Lindl. are polyphyletic. The taxonomy of these genera, especially Lobelia , is particularly quite frustrating. This calls for further reappraisals using both morphological and molecular data.

Lobelia gregoriana Baker f. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: HZ, AZ, NZ; 3 200–4 500 m. Distribution: IIIa. Voucher: Sirimon Track, Alt. 3 522 m, 18 Jul. 2014, CPG 28422 (HIB, PE). References: Moreau (1994), Rehder et al. (1981), Thulin (1984), Young & Peacock (1985), Blundell (1987), Bussmann (1993, 1994, 2006), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Rehder, H., Beck, E., Kokwaro, J. O. & Scheibe, R. (1981) Vegetation analysis of the upper Teleki Valley (Mount Kenya) and adjacent areas. Journal of the East Africa National History Society & National Museum 171: 1 - 8.","Thulin, M. (1984) Lobeliaceae. In: Polhill, R. M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 60 pp.","Young, T. P. & Peacock, M. M. (1985) Vegetative key to the alpine vascular plants of Mount Kenya. Journal of the East Africa National History Society & National Museum 75 (185): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.2004.00514. x","Blundell, M. (1987) Collins guide to the wild flowers of East Africa. Collins, London, 464 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (2006) Vegetation zonation and nomenclature of African Mountains: An overview. Lyonia 11 (1): 41 - 46.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Lobelia giberroa Hemsl. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ; up to 3 000 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Naro Moru Track, Alt. 2 546 m, 23 Jul. 2014, SAJIT 002088 (HIB). References: Moreau (1944), Thulin (1984), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995b), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Moreau, R. E. (1944) Mount Kenya: a contribution to the biology and bibliography. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 18: 61 - 92.","Thulin, M. (1984) Lobeliaceae. In: Polhill, R. M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 60 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1995 b) Regeneration and succession processes in the Cedar Forests (Juniperion procerae) of Mt. Kenya. Ecotropica 1: 79 - 84.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Lobelia holstii Engl. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ, UMF, HZ; 1 700–3 600 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Chogoria Route, Alt. 2 572 m, 22 Jul. 2014, SAJIT 002036 (HIB). References: Fries (1923a), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, T. C. E. (1923 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. I. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 8 (76): 389 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994334","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Lobelia aberdarica R.E.Fr. & T.C.E.Fr. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMDF, UMF, HZ; 1 700–3 500 m. Distribution: IIIa. Voucher: Timau Track, Alt. 3050 m, 22 Sep. 1997, Knox 3955, 3956, 3962 & 3963 (EA). References: Moreau (1944), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Moreau, R. E. (1944) Mount Kenya: a contribution to the biology and bibliography. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 18: 61 - 92.","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Lobelia bambuseti R.E.Fr. & T.C.E.Fr. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ, UMF, HZ, AZ; 2 300–4 000 m. Distribution: IIIb. Voucher: Naro Moru Track, Alt. 2 546 m, 23 Jul. 2014, SAJIT 002087 (HIB). References: Moreau (1944), Thulin (1984), Bussmann (1993, 1994, 2006), Beentje (1994), Bussmann & Beck (1998, 1999), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Moreau, R. E. (1944) Mount Kenya: a contribution to the biology and bibliography. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 18: 61 - 92.","Thulin, M. (1984) Lobeliaceae. In: Polhill, R. M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 60 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (2006) Vegetation zonation and nomenclature of African Mountains: An overview. Lyonia 11 (1): 41 - 46.","Beentje, H. J. (1994) Kenya trees, shrubs and lianas. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, 762 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1998) The plant communities of the forests of Mount Kenya - First phytosociological and ecological data. In: Ojany, F. F. (Ed.) African mountains and highlands - planning for sustainable use of mountain resources. United Nations University, Tokyo, pp. 96 - 107.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1999) Vegetation units of Mt. Kenya Forest Reserve: Comment. In: Bitok (Ed.) Vegetations-okologosche, ethnobotanische und faunistische Beitrage uber Aquatorial-Afrika. Bayreuther Forum Okologie 64. Bayreuther Forum Okologie, Bayreuth, pp. 17 - 28.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Lobelia minutula Engl. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ, UMF, HZ, AZ; 2 300–4 000 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Chogoria Route, Alt. 3050 m, 27 Aug. 1996, Knox 3120 (EA). References: Fries (1923a), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, T. C. E. (1923 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. I. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 8 (76): 389 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994334","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Lobelia duriprati T.C.E.Fr. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ; 1 600–3 600 m. Distribution: IIIa. Voucher: Near Mount Kenya Lodge, Alt. 2 972 m, 21 Jul. 2014, CPG 28528 (HIB, PE). References: Fries (1923a), Blundell (1987), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995b), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, T. C. E. (1923 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. I. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 8 (76): 389 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994334","Blundell, M. (1987) Collins guide to the wild flowers of East Africa. Collins, London, 464 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1995 b) Regeneration and succession processes in the Cedar Forests (Juniperion procerae) of Mt. Kenya. Ecotropica 1: 79 - 84.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Lobelia baumannii Engl. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: LMWF; up to 2 500 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Near Castle Lodge, Alt. 2071 m, 30 Jan. 2015, SAJIT 003000 (HIB). References: Fries (1923a), Thulin (1984), Blundell (1987), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a, 1998, 1999), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, T. C. E. (1923 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. I. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 8 (76): 389 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994334","Thulin, M. (1984) Lobeliaceae. In: Polhill, R. M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 60 pp.","Blundell, M. (1987) Collins guide to the wild flowers of East Africa. Collins, London, 464 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1995 a) The forests of Mt. Kenya (Kenya), a phytosociological synopsis. Phytocoenologia 25 (4): 467 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / phyto / 25 / 1995 / 467","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1998) The plant communities of the forests of Mount Kenya - First phytosociological and ecological data. In: Ojany, F. F. (Ed.) African mountains and highlands - planning for sustainable use of mountain resources. United Nations University, Tokyo, pp. 96 - 107.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1999) Vegetation units of Mt. Kenya Forest Reserve: Comment. In: Bitok (Ed.) Vegetations-okologosche, ethnobotanische und faunistische Beitrage uber Aquatorial-Afrika. Bayreuther Forum Okologie 64. Bayreuther Forum Okologie, Bayreuth, pp. 17 - 28.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

Lobelia telekii Schweinf. — Habit: Herb. Habitat: HZ, AZ, NZ; 2 900–5 000 m. Distribution: IIIa. Voucher: Near Lake Michaelson, Alt. 4 112 m, 23 Jan. 2015, SAJIT 002799 (HIB). References: Moreau (1944), Rehder et al. (1981), Thulin (1984), Young & Peacock (1985), Blundell (1987), Bussmann (1993, 1994, 2006), Abdi (2013), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Moreau, R. E. (1944) Mount Kenya: a contribution to the biology and bibliography. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 18: 61 - 92.","Rehder, H., Beck, E., Kokwaro, J. O. & Scheibe, R. (1981) Vegetation analysis of the upper Teleki Valley (Mount Kenya) and adjacent areas. Journal of the East Africa National History Society & National Museum 171: 1 - 8.","Thulin, M. (1984) Lobeliaceae. In: Polhill, R. M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 60 pp.","Young, T. P. & Peacock, M. M. (1985) Vegetative key to the alpine vascular plants of Mount Kenya. Journal of the East Africa National History Society & National Museum 75 (185): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.2004.00514. x","Blundell, M. (1987) Collins guide to the wild flowers of East Africa. Collins, London, 464 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1993) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): A phytosociological approach with special reference to ecological problems. Ph. D. Thesis, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, 119 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. (2006) Vegetation zonation and nomenclature of African Mountains: An overview. Lyonia 11 (1): 41 - 46.","Abdi, A. A. (2013) Diversity and distribution of the Afroalpine Flora of Eastern Africa with special reference to the taxonomy of the genus Pentaschistis (Poaceae). Ph. D. Thesis, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, 239 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}

7. Lobelia langeana Dus��n (1910: 18). Type:��� BRAZIL. Paran��: ���Brasilienses e civitate Paran�� collectae, Serra do Mar, Ypiranga ad marginem viae ferr.���, 21 Februario 1904, P. Dus��n 3329 (lectotype, designated here: S! [S05-1990], isolectotypes: MO! [MO1291435], NY! [00547161], R! [98315]). Notes:��� Dus��n (1910) described Lobelia langeana based on the specimen Dus��n 3329, nowadays found in the herbaria MO, NY, R, and S. We designate here the specimen S05-1990 as the lectotype, as it perfectly matches the species description and is housed at the institution where the author carried out most of his research. Furthermore, this specimen contains fragments of opened flowers, suggesting that the author used this sample to describe the species., Published as part of Rollim, Isis De Mello, Coelho, Guilherme Peres, Miotto, Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia, Iganci, Jo��o Ricardo Vieira & Oliveira, Marcelo Trov�� Lopes De, 2022, Nomenclatural and taxonomic survey of the South American clade of Lobelia section Rhynchopetalum (Campanulaceae), pp. 45-54 in Phytotaxa 539 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.539.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6345927, {"references":["Dusen, P. (1910) Gefasspflanzen aus Parana (Sudbrasilien). Arkiv for Botanik 9 (15): 18 - 20."]}

5. Lobelia hassleri Zahlbruckner (1907: 445). Type:��� PARAGUAY. Caaguaz��: ���In campis paludosis���, Februario 1905, Hassler 8970 (lectotype, designated here: G! in two sheets [00106161], [00106162], isolectotypes: G! [00106160], G! [00106163], GH! [00033303], MICH! [1111406], MPU! [016084], NY! [00547160], P! [P00714441], S! [05-1983], UC! [944585], US! [00344717]). Notes: ��� Zahlbruckner (1907) described Lobelia hassleri based on the specimen Hassler 8970, collected in Caaguaz��, Paraguay. Amongst the various syntypes, the sheets housed at G under the numbers [00106161] and [00106162] clearly constitute a single specimen, with complete original labels in Zahlbruckner���s hand and perfectly fitting the original description. Based on Art. 8.2 of ICN (McNeill 2014), these plant fragments are thus considered as a single specimen mounted on two sheets and are here selected as the lectotype., Published as part of Rollim, Isis De Mello, Coelho, Guilherme Peres, Miotto, Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia, Iganci, Jo��o Ricardo Vieira & Oliveira, Marcelo Trov�� Lopes De, 2022, Nomenclatural and taxonomic survey of the South American clade of Lobelia section Rhynchopetalum (Campanulaceae), pp. 45-54 in Phytotaxa 539 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.539.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6345927, {"references":["Zahlbruckner, A. (1907) Plantae Paraguarienses novae vel minus cognitae. Bulletin de l ' Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 7: 445 - 460.","McNeill, J. (2014) Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues. Taxon 63: 1112 - 1113. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 635.7"]}

3. Lobelia fistulosa Vellozo (1831: 157) ��� Dortmanna fistulosa (Vell.) Kuntze (1891: 972). Lectotype (designated here):���[icon ined.] ���Syng. Monog.: LOBELIA fistulosa Tab. 157��� (Manuscript Sect. of Torre do Tombo, Lisbon [PT/TT/MSLIV/2778], and later published by Vellozo (Fl. Flumin. Icon. 8: t. 157. 1831). = Lobelia uranocoma Chamisso (1833: 321) ��� Rapuntium uranocomum (Cham.) Presl (1836: 24) ��� Haynaldia uranocoma Kanitz (1878: 142) ��� Dortmanna uranocoma (Cham.) Kuntze (1891: 973). Type:��� BRAZIL. s.d., Sellow s.n. (lectotype, designated here: M! in two sheets [0185353, 0185354]). = Haynaldia organensis var. insignis Kanitz (1878: 143), syn. nov. Type:��� BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Caldas, Jan 1885, Lindberg 610 (holotype: BR! [BR0000006955168]). Notes:��� Lobelia fistulosa was validly published by Vellozo (1831) as a single analytical plate in his Flora Fluminensis, with the full description published only fifty years later (Vellozo 1881). Since Vellozo���s original collection has disappeared (Bocage 1862, Hamy 1908, Carauta 1973), the only original material eligible for a lectotype selection are the original iconographs. We selected the original plate kept at the manuscript section of the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo in Lisbon as its lectotype. Along with another original plate kept at Biblioteca Nacional in Rio de Janeiro, it is the only available material while Vellozo was still alive. It is also slightly more detailed than the plate kept at the Biblioteca Nacional in Rio de Janeiro and its published version of 1831. Vellozo���s plate (Vellozo 1831, v. 8: t. 157) perfectly details the growth form, leaf, bracts and flower morphology characteristic of L. fistulosa. The main character allowing for the recognition of the species in the illustration is its large, erect, and conspicuous lanceolate bracts covering the pedicels. The locality description provided by Vellozo (1881), ���habitat medit. Loca humentia ad ripas rivulorum���, corresponds to the municipality of Cunha, state of S��o Paulo (Pastore et al. 2021). Lobelia uranocoma was described by Chamisso (1833) based on a specimen housed at B and collected by Sellow in Brazil. That specimen was unfortunately lost during the World War II, but a photo available from the Field Museum negatives collection shows a specimen with a label by Chamisso containing the species identification, along with details of the species protologue, collector, and the location in ���Brasilia���. Our search for duplicates of this collection led to two sheets housed at M, identified as L. uranocoma and collected by Sellow in Brazil. The specimen M0185354, composed only of some leaves and a basal part of the stem, bears an original loan label from B in Chamisso���s handwriting. The specimen M0185353, composed of an inflorescence and distal part of the stem, bears an M label with the same information copied in someone else���s hand. In accordance with Art. 8.2 of ICN (McNeill 2014), the most parsimonious interpretation of both sheets with the Chamisso analysis is that they represent a single collection sent by B to M. Haynaldia organensis var. insignis was described by Kanitz (1878) in his revision for Flora Brasiliensis. It was based on Lindberg 610, a specimen with no flowers or leaves, thus being the reason, as argued by Kanitz (1878), to describe the taxon as a variety and not as a separate species. The species is currently considered in the synonymy to Lobelia organensis (Rollim et al. 2020). However, analyzing the specimen Lindberg 610, we noticed that its seeds are widely winged, surpassing the seminiferous nucleus, while the seeds of L. organensis have wings proportional to the seminiferous nucleus. Such much larger seeds are more typical of the seeds of L. fistulosa, a species with the sympatric distribution to the specimen collected by Lindberg. The variety H. organensis var. insignis is thus placed here as a synonym of L. fistulosa., Published as part of Rollim, Isis De Mello, Coelho, Guilherme Peres, Miotto, Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia, Iganci, Jo��o Ricardo Vieira & Oliveira, Marcelo Trov�� Lopes De, 2022, Nomenclatural and taxonomic survey of the South American clade of Lobelia section Rhynchopetalum (Campanulaceae), pp. 45-54 in Phytotaxa 539 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.539.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6345927, {"references":["Vellozo, J. M. da C. (1831) (\" 1827 \") Florae Fluminensis icones, vol. 8. Senefelder, Paris. t. 157.","Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum Vascularium Omnium atque Cellularium Multarum Secundum Leges Nomenclaturae Internationales, vol. 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig, 1011 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 124064","Chamisso, A. (1833) De plantis in expeditione speculatoria Romanzoffiana et in herbariis Regiis observatis dicere pergitur: Lobeliaceae. Linnaea 8 (3): 201 - 223.","Presl, C. (1836) Prodromus Monographie Lobeliacearum. Theophilus Haase, Prague, 52 pp.","Kanitz, A. (1878) Lobeliaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. von (Ed.) Flora Brasiliensis, vol. 6 (4). Frid. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 130 - 187.","Vellozo, J. M. da C. (1881) Florae Fluminensis .... Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 5: 1 - 461.","Bocage, J. V. B. (1862) Ilustracoes praticas sobre o modo de colligir, preparar e remeter produtos zoologicos para o Museu de Lisboa. Museu de Lisboa, Lisboa, 96 pp.","Hamy, E. T. (1908) La Mission d ' Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire en Espagne et en Portugal (1808). Histoire et documents. Masson, Paris, 66 pp.","Carauta, J. P. P. (1973) The text of Vellozo's Flora Fluminensis and the effective date of publication. Taxon 22: 281 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1218138","Pastore, J. F. B., Mota, M., de Menezes, H. F. & Trovo, M. (2021) Vellozo's Florae Fluminensis: A new assessment of the Sao Paulo part of his collecting itinerary, its vegetation, and species list. Taxon 70: 1078 - 1095. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 12509","McNeill, J. (2014) Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues. Taxon 63: 1112 - 1113. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 635.7","Rollim, I. M., Coelho, G. P., Trovo, M. & Miotto, S. T. S. (2020) Campanulaceae. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 28240 (accessed June 2021)."]}