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5. Sodium Chloride Tolerance during Germination and Seedling Stages of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Lines Native to Mexico.

Author

López-Méndez, Ariadna Goreti, Rodríguez-Pérez, Juan Enrique, Mascorro-Gallardo, José Oscar, Sahagún-Castellanos, Jaime, and Lobato-Ortiz, Ricardo

Subjects
TOMATOES, SALT, GERMINATION, LEAF area, GERMPLASM, SEEDLINGS
Abstract

Tomato is considered moderately sensitive to salinity, which detracts from the quality and yield of its fruit; therefore, wild populations have been used as a genetic resource. The aim of this research was to identify lines derived from wild tomato populations with tolerance to salinity during the germination and seedling stages. During germination, 52 wild lines and 2 commercial hybrids (Imperial®, Reserva®) were subjected to treatment with 150 mM and 0 mM NaCl and evaluated. The test was carried out for 20 days in a germination chamber with constant darkness, a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and relative humidity conditions of 80 ± 4%. At the seedling stage, 22 wild tomato lines with the best performance in the germination test and 2 commercial hybrids (Imperial®, Topanga®) were evaluated for 12 days in a floating raft system. Concentrations of 175 mM and 0 mM of NaCl were used. During germination, the saline condition decreased the germination percentage (65.2%), speed of germination (88.2%), steam length (72.5%), root length (46.56%), number of normal plants (59.5%), stem dry matter (68.78%), root dry matter (61.99%), and total dry matter (67.1%). At the seedling stage, this condition decreased (p < 0.05) the aerial part dry matter (46.37%), leaf area (59.35%), root length (42.43%), final plant height (40.24%), and growth rate (71.42%). Seventeen tolerant genotypes were identified in one of the two developmental stages, while one genotype showed tolerance in both stages. These results indicate that there are different response mechanisms in each developmental stage. Native tomatoes play an important role in the identification of tolerant genotypes since they can be used as genetic resources for obtaining commercial genotypes with salt tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. IDENTIFICATION OF OUTSTANDING SALADETTE TOMATO LINES WITH A WIDENED GENETIC BASE.

Author

Melissa Castañeda-Villa, Alba, Lobato-Ortiz, Ricardo, Jesús García-Zavala, J., Calderón-Zavala, Guillermo, Hernández-Bautista, Aurelio, and López-Hernández, Alexander

Subjects
*REPLICATION (Experimental design), *INDIGENOUS peoples of Mexico, *TOMATO breeding, *ANALYSIS of variance, *BLOCK designs, *TOMATOES
Abstract

The "bell pepper" or "chino criollo" tomato is a native Mexican variety with similar characteristics to the "Saladette" tomato and the potential to be used as a source of germplasm to generate commercial hybrids of this type. The aim of this investigation was to identify and select advanced lines with a wide genetic base, derived from crosses between Saladette tomatoes and native populations to generate free pollination varieties and potential parents of Saladette tomato hybrids. The hypothesis was that crosses between native populations and Saladette commercial hybrids generate outstanding offspring. The 103 genotypes evaluated included 10 native parents, three parents derived from commercial hybrids, one commercial hybrid control ("El Cid") and 89 S4 advanced lines. The evaluation was carried out in a greenhouse and hydroponics during the 2020 spring-summer cycle, using a randomized complete block experimental design with three replications and four plants per replication. The total weight and number of fruits were recorded based on the sum of the two cuts performed. The days to flowering of the first cluster, average fruit weight, and total soluble solids were also determined. Analyses of variance were carried out for each variable, as well as orthogonal contrasts and correlations between different combinations of the materials of interest. The comparison of means was carried out using Tukey's test (p £ 0.05). Nine advanced lines with similar or greater characteristics to the control were identified and are recommended to be recombined genetically in a diallelic cross scheme to identify new outstanding offspring. The advanced line 2051 (LOR85 X C) was identified, with a similar yield to that reported for the control, which can be used as an open pollination variety since it has similar characteristics to the control "El Cid", but with native tomato genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. DESARROLLO DE MARCADORES PARA MEJORAMIENTO DE MAÍZ CON PROTEÍNA DE CALIDAD Y ESTUDIO DE INTERACCIÓN ENTRE LOS GENES Opaco-2 Y Ask2

Author

Hernández-Rodríguez, Martha, primary, Babu, Raman, additional, Skinner, Debra J., additional, Palacios-Rojas, Natalia, additional, Martins, Marina C. M., additional, García-Zavala, J. Jesús, additional, Lobato-Ortiz, Ricardo, additional, Santacruz-Varela, Amalio, additional, Castillo-González, Fernando, additional, Xu, Yunbi, additional, and Prasanna, Boddupalli M., additional

Published
2022
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17. Extraction of Lipophilic Antioxidants from Native Tomato Using Green Technologies

Author

Gómez-Linton, Darío R., Navarro-Ocaña, Arturo, Alavez, Silvestre, Lobato-Ortiz, Ricardo, Román-Guerrero, Angélica, Mendoza-Espinoza, José Alberto, Villa-Hernández, Juan Manuel, Pérez-Flores, Laura J., Gómez-Linton, Darío R., Navarro-Ocaña, Arturo, Alavez, Silvestre, Lobato-Ortiz, Ricardo, Román-Guerrero, Angélica, Mendoza-Espinoza, José Alberto, Villa-Hernández, Juan Manuel, and Pérez-Flores, Laura J.

Abstract

Research background. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit is highly consumed worldwide and contains high amounts of carotenoids and tocopherols, two powerful antioxidants. Native tomato genotypes are rarely used in large-scale market but serve as a reservoir to diversify the species gene pool and can be employed to obtain functional compounds. Extraction methods are currently changing towards cleaner procedures that are more efficient and environmentally friendly, including avoiding toxic or polluting solvents. Experimental approach. In this study, factorial and fractional factorial designs were used to evaluate the efficiency of digestive enzymes, sonication and green solvents to obtain lipophilic antioxidant extracts from native tomato. To monitor the efficiency of the extraction process, spectrophotometric quantification of total carotenoids and antioxidant activity was carried out, and then individual quantification of carotenoids and tocopherols in the extracts was done by HPLC. Results and conclusions. Digestive enzymes and sonication increased the carotenoid content and the antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts when applied individually. However, when these treatments were applied together and in combination with isopropyl acetate, a green solvent, the obtained extracts had the highest carotenoid and tocopherol contents as well as the maximal antioxidant activity. A correlation analysis suggested that antioxidant activity resulted from synergistic effects rather than individual compounds. Tomato extracts were obtained through a rapid and environmentally friendly extraction method and their antioxidant activity was enhanced. Novelty and scientific contribution. Tomato fruits have been the subject of numerous studies; however, functional compound extraction through environmentally friendly methods remains an attractive use of native tomato fruit, enhancing its limited production and harnessing a large amount of tomato product industry. There are few r, Pozadina istraživanja. Rajčica (Solanum lycopersicum L.) je bogata karotenoidima i tokoferolima, izuzetno jakim antioksidansima, a njezin se plod konzumira diljem svijeta. Nativni se genotipovi rajčica rijetko u većoj mjeri uzgajaju za tržište, već služe kao izvor genske raznolikosti te se mogu koristiti za izolaciju funkcionalnih spojeva. Postupci ekstrakcije su u novije vrijeme usmjereni ka primjeni učinkovitijih i ekološki prihvatljivih metoda koje ne koriste toksična otapala što zagađuju okoliš. Eksperimentalni pristup. U ovom je radu primjenom potpunog i djelomičnog faktorskog plana pokusa ispitan učinak probavnih enzima, ultrazvuka i zelenih otapala na ekstrakciju lipofilnih antioksidansa iz nativnih genotipova rajčica. Za utvrđivanje uspješnosti ekstrakcije spektrofotometrijski su ispitani maseni udjel ukupnih karotenoida u ekstraktima i njihova antioksidacijska aktivnost, a zatim je pomoću metode HPLC određen maseni udjel pojedinih karotenoida i tokoferola u ekstraktima. Rezultati i zaključci. Maseni udjel karotenoida i antioksidacijska aktivnost ekstrakata povećali su se nakon obrade probavnim enzimima ili ultrazvukom, međutim njihovom kombiniranom primjenom uz dodatak izopropil-acetata kao zelenog otapala dobiveni su ekstrakti s najvećim udjelom karotenoida i tokoferola te najvećom antioksidacijskom aktivnosti. Rezultati korelacijske analize pokazuju da je antioksidacijska aktivnost rezultat sinergijskog učinka, a ne djelovanja pojedinog spoja. Ekstrakti rajčice dobiveni su brzim i ekološki prihvatljivim postupkom i njihova se antioksidacijska aktivnost poboljšala. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Iako je plod rajčice predmet mnogih istraživanja, ekstrakcija funkcionalnih spojeva iz nativnih genotipova rajčica pomoću ekološki prihvatljivih postupaka je naročito zanimljiva jer se njome povećavaju proizvodne mogućnosti i iskorištava velik dio proizvoda industrije rajčica. Dostupan je mali broj radova u kojima su autori koristili kombinaciju različitih ekološki

Published
2022

23. Route Analysis Through Filial Generations of Modern Varieties of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Author

Hernández Leal Enrique, Hernández Bautista Aurelio, Bonilla Barrientos Olga, Lobato Ortiz Ricardo, Iván, Franco Gaytán, García Zavala José De Jesús, and Hernández Rodríguez Martha

Subjects
Productivity Analysis, tomato breeding, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, path analysis, production costs, farmers, Inbreeding depression, Crop Production/Industries
Abstract

Objective: To measure the efficiency of using advanced generations of some commercial tomato hybrids for small farmers and to identify the most important yield components associated with yield. Design/Methodology/Approach: Seven saladette-type hybrids of indeterminate growth were evaluated, as well as their respective generations F2s and F3s under greenhouse conditions. The evaluation of the three generations was carried out during the 2013 agricultural cycle. Three harvests were made at 82, 94 and 136 days after transplanting. The experiment was a randomized complete block design, with 4 replications and 10 plants per replication. Results: Results indicated that there were significant differences for a few traits in F2 and F3. Path analysis showed that the total number of fruits had the highest direct and indirect effects on yield through generations. Limitations of the study/implications: The usefulness of advanced generations of tomato commercial hybrids would depend on the genetic background of the parental lines that take part in such as hybrids, as some hybrids would present high inbreeding depression depending on the genetic composition of their progenitors. Findings/Conclusions: Advanced generations of ‘LORETO’, ‘CUAUHTÉMOC’ and ‘ESPARTACO’ could be used by the small growers since low values of inbreeding depression were observed in F2 and F3 families

Published
2021
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25. GENETIC PARAMETERS AND ESTIMATED BREEDING VALUES OF BLACKBERRY PARENTS UNDER A WARM ENVIRONMENT.

Author

HERNÁNDEZ-BAUTISTA, Aurelio, LOBATO-ORTIZ, Ricardo, ROCANDIORODRIGUEZ, Mario, HERNÁNDEZ-RODRIGUEZ, Martha, HERNÁNDEZBAUTISTA, Ana Lidia, RODRÍGUEZ-BAUTISTA, Geremias, HERNANDEZ-LEAL, Enrique, and BAUTISTA-RAMÍREZ, Edgardo

Subjects
*BLACKBERRIES, *PLANT identification, *CHOCTAW (North American people), *HERITABILITY
Abstract

In blackberry, the identification of the best plants is usually based on the phenotypic value. However, the phenotypic value of complex traits is not always a reliable parameter that allows the maximum genetic gain per cycle of selection. The present study aimed to explore the breeding potential of thirteen blackberry parents based on their breeding values, and estimate genetic parameters of important traits in blackberry breeding. A total of fourteen crosses (sib-full families) were obtained from crossing thirteen blackberry genotypes. According to the mixed model 2, the heritability estimations ranged from 0.14 to 0.93. The highest heritability (h2 > 0.9) was found in days to the first pick and harvest interval, while the lowest one (h2 < 0.2) in berry weight. The genotypes 'Chickasaw', 'S3', 'Choctaw', 'Tupy', and 'S5' exhibited simultaneously positive breeding values for yield, and berry weight, whereas 'Natchez', 'S1', and 'S6' for earliness and harvest interval. For soluble solids content, 'S6', 'S3', and 'Kiowa' had the best breeding values. Based on our results, the germplasm used in the study has additive effects with high commercial value that could be used in the blackberry programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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32. Huella genética de variedades de fresa obtenidas en el Colegio de Postgraduados, México

Author

Aguilar Tlatelpa, Martin, Calderón Zavala, Guillermo, Gutiérrez Espinosa, María Alejandra, Lobato Ortiz, Ricardo, Córdova Téllez, Leobigildo, Volke Haller, Víctor H., Fajardo Franco, M. Liza, Santacruz Varela, Amalio, Aguilar Tlatelpa, Martin, Calderón Zavala, Guillermo, Gutiérrez Espinosa, María Alejandra, Lobato Ortiz, Ricardo, Córdova Téllez, Leobigildo, Volke Haller, Víctor H., Fajardo Franco, M. Liza, and Santacruz Varela, Amalio

Abstract

In a breeding program for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) it is important to have a methodology to evaluate the genetic integrity of the plant in all the stages of increase, from different criteria, such as morphological, physiological and molecular; for this purpose one of the most appropriate tools are the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR`s) molecular markers, since they allow, for example, identifying populations with a reduced genetic diversity, revealing genealogies, knowing the degree of relatedness between individuals, providing solid elements in the defense of intellectual property, evaluation of the purity of the plant material, identification of somaclonal variation and to avoid the mixture of plant material in germplasm banks. In this sense the objective of this study was to obtain the genetic fingerprint of strawberry varieties CP0201, CP0204, CP0615, CPLE7 developed at Colegio de Postgraduados and variety Festival developed at Florida, US, with the use of nine microsatellite (SSR`s) loci. The process included the DNA extraction from strawberry leaf tissue, as well as the amplification by means of PCR of the SSR`s loci grouped in multiplex reactions. The PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis and their size in base pairs was determined with the GeneMapper® v. 4 software. From the allele frequencies distance matrices were calculated the Jaccard and Dice coefficients. 63 different alleles were found, each pair of primers amplified between 3 and 12 alleles. The markers that presented the highest number of alleles were EMFn181 (11 alleles) and EMFv104 (12 alleles). The genetic fingerprint of each variety was generated. Differences between the CP0615, CPLE7 and Festival were found based on their allelic profiles; CP0204 and CP0201 had a similar genetic fingerprint, since they are related through their female parent; the allelic diversity index within the populations ranged from 3.96 to 5.93. The varieties had a low uniformity index due to the h, En un programa de mejoramiento genético de fresa (Fragaria × ananassa) es importante contar con la metodología para evaluar la integridad genética de la planta en todas las etapas de incremento, desde diferentes criterios, como el fisiológico, morfológico y el molecular; para este propósito, una de las herramientas más apropiadas son los marcadores moleculares denominados Secuencias Simples Repetidas del inglés Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), ya que permiten, por ejemplo, identificar poblaciones con una diversidad genética reducida, revelar genealogías, conocer el grado de parentesco entre individuos, proporcionar elementos sólidos en la defensa de la propiedad intelectual, evaluar la pureza del material vegetal, identificar el grado de variación somaclonal y evitar la mezcla de material vegetal en bancos de germoplasma. En este sentido, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener la huella genética de las variedades de fresa CP0201, CP0204, CP0615, CPLE7 desarrolladas en el Colegio de Postgraduados y como testigo la variedad Festival, desarrollada en Florida, USA, con el uso de nueve loci de microsatélites (SSR). El proceso incluyó la extracción de ADN a partir de tejido foliar de fresa, así como de la amplificación mediante PCR de punto final de los loci SSR agrupados en reacciones multiplex. Los productos de PCR fueron separados mediante electroforesis capilar y su tamaño en pares de bases se determinó con el programa GeneMapper® v. 4. A partir de las frecuencias alélicas se calcularon las matrices de distancia con los coeficientes de Jaccard y Dice. Se encontraron 63 alelos distintos, cada par de iniciadores amplificó entre 3 y 12 alelos. Los marcadores que presentaron mayor número de alelos fueron EMFn181 (11 alelos) y EMFv104 (12 alelos). Se generó la huella genética de cada variedad. Mediante los perfiles alélicos se encontraron diferencias entre las variedades CP0615, CPLE7 y Festival; CP0201 y CP0204 tuvieron una huella genética similar, ya que están empa

Published
2019

33. Adaptability of raspberry primocane genotypes in a tropical environment and its implication in the raspberry production in Mexico

Author

Hernández-Bautista, Aurelio, primary, Lobato-Ortiz, Ricardo, additional, García-Zavala, J. Jesús, additional, Mejía Contreras, José Apolinar, additional, Chávez-Servia, José Luis, additional, Rodríguez, Mario Rocandio, additional, Cruz-Izquierdo, Serafin, additional, and García Velázquez, José Armando, additional

Published
2019
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36. Genetic parameters of an interspecific cross between S. lycopersicum L. and S. habrochaites Knapp & Spooner.

Author

Maryn Marín-Montes, Ivan, Lobato-Ortiz, Ricardo, Carrillo-Castañeda, Guillermo, Enrique Rodríguez-Pérez, Juan, Jesús García-Zavala, J., Hernández-Rodríguez, Martha, and Manuela Velasco-García, Ángela

Subjects
HETEROSIS, TOMATOES, TOMATO breeding, BLOCK designs, HERITABILITY, ALLELES, TOMATO diseases & pests
Abstract

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2020
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39. Genomic prediction of the general combining ability of maize lines ( Zea mays L.) and the performance of their single crosses

Author

Vélez‐Torres, Marcelina, primary, García‐Zavala, José Jesús, additional, Hernández‐Rodríguez, Martha, additional, Lobato‐Ortiz, Ricardo, additional, López‐Reynoso, José Jesús, additional, Benítez‐Riquelme, Ignacio, additional, Mejía‐Contreras, José Apolinar, additional, Esquivel‐Esquivel, Gilberto, additional, Molina‐Galán, José Domingo, additional, Pérez‐Rodríguez, Paulino, additional, and Zhang, Xuecai, additional

Published
2018
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40. Characterization of Adult Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in Indian Wheat Cultivar ‘New Pusa 876’

Author

Ponce‐Molina, Luis J., primary, Huerta‐Espino, Julio, additional, Singh, Ravi P., additional, Basnet, Bhoja R., additional, Lagudah, Evans, additional, Aguilar‐Rincón, Víctor H., additional, Alvarado, Gregorio, additional, Lobato‐Ortiz, Ricardo, additional, García‐Zavala, Jesús, additional, and Lan, Caixia, additional

Published
2018
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41. Diversidad de poblaciones nativas de jitomate para germinación en condiciones salinas

Author

Estrada-Trejo, Victoria, primary, Lobato-Ortiz, Ricardo, additional, García-de los Santos, Gabino, additional, Carrillo-Castañeda, Guillermo, additional, Castillo-González, Fernando, additional, Contreras-Magaña, Efraín, additional, Ayala-Garay, Oscar Javier, additional, De la O Olan, Micaela, additional, and Artola Mercadal, Alberto, additional

Published
2018
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49. Biofertilización en híbridos de maíz androestériles y fértiles para los valles altos de México1.

Author

Tadeo Robledo, Margarita, primary, García Zavala, J. Jesús, additional, Alcántar Lugo, Hugo Jesús, additional, Lobato Ortiz, Ricardo, additional, Gómez Montiel, Noel O., additional, Sierra Macías, Mauro, additional, Irizar Garza, Martha Blanca Guadalupe, additional, Valdivia Bernal, Roberto, additional, Zaragoza Esparza, Job, additional, Martínez Yáñez, Beatriz, additional, López López, Consuelo, additional, Espinosa Calderón, Alejandro, additional, and Turrent Fernández, Antonio, additional

Published
2017
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50. Caracterización estomática de cinco especies del género Vanilla

Author

Reyes-López, Delfino, Quiroz-Valentín, Jonathan, Kelso-Bucio, Henry Arturo, Huerta-Lara, Manuel, Avendaño-Arrazate, Carlos Hugo, and Lobato-Ortiz, Ricardo

Subjects
anfiestomáticos, anfiestomatic, hipostomáticos, estomas, hipoestomatic, epiestomatic, stomatas, epiestomáticos
Abstract

The objective was to characterize the stomata of five species of vanilla. Throughout 2012, leaf samples of V. planifolia G. Jackson, V. pompona Schiede, V. indora Schiede, V. insignis Ames and V. odorota Presl were taken from the vanilla germplasm bank at the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. The stomata size was obtained considering their length and width, as well as the index and stomata number of the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces in a randomized complete block design with three replications. V. pompona Schiede and V. inodora Schiede showed the highest stomatal index with 8713 and 8246 stomata per mm2, respectively, followed by V. odorata Presl with 4412 stomata per mm2. V. insignis Ames and V. planifolia G. Jackson showed the lowest stomata index with 2968 and 1378 stomata per mm2, respectively, in the abaxial leaf surface, these differences were statistically significant (P≤0.05). According to the position of the leaf stomata, V. planifolia G. Jackson and V. inodora Schiede can be considered to be hypostomatics since they showed stomata only in the abaxial leaf surface. V. insignis Ames, V. inodora Schiede and V. odorata Presl. can be considered to be anfiestomatic because they showed stomata in both the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. V. inodora Schiede had smaller stomata compared with the other species.That is an important feature to be included in the genetic improvement of the genus Vanilla, because due to climate change, temperature will increase and precipitation will decrease, so Vainilla will require more efficient genotypes for water use. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los estomas de cinco especies de vainilla. Durante el año 2012 se tomaron muestras de hoja de Vanilla planifolia G. Jackson, V. pompona Schiede, V. inodora Schiede, V. insignis Ames y V. odorata Presl, del banco de germoplasma de vainilla de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Se obtuvo el tamaño de estomas al considerar el largo y ancho de estos, índice y número estomático de la parte abaxial y adaxial de la hoja, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. V. pompona Schiede y V. inodora Schiede presentaron mayor índice estomático con 8713 y 8246 estomas por mm2, respectivamente, seguido por V. odorata Presl con 4412 estomas por mm2. V. insignis Ames y V. planifolia G. Jackson tuvieron el menor índice estomático con 2968 y 1378 estomas por mm2, respectivamente, en la superficie abaxial de la hoja, diferencias que fueron estadísticamente significativas (p≤ 0,05). Por la posición de los estomas en la hoja, V. planifolia G. Jackson y V. pompona Schiede se pueden considerar hipoestomáticas por presentar estomas solamente en la parte abaxial de la hoja. V. insignis Ames, V. inodora Schiede y V. odorata Presl se pueden considerar anfiestomáticas por presentar estomas en la parte abaxial y adaxial de la hoja. V. inodora Schiede presentó estomas más pequeños en comparación con las demás especies, característica importante para ser integrada en el mejoramiento genético del género Vanilla, al considerar el cambio climático, donde el aumento de temperatura y disminución de la precipitación requieren de genotipos con mayor eficiencia en el uso de agua.

Published
2015

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