Search

Anthracnose, mainly caused by Colletotrichum spp., is one of the fungal diseases resulting in major economic losses affecting chilli production worldwide. Propolis extract from honeybee has been discovered for its antifungal properties, which can potentially reduce postharvest decay. Therefore, the present work investigated the efficiency of aqueous extract of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) propolis in controlling postharvest anthracnose and maintaining quality of chilli. Colletotrichum capsici was isolated and characterised from infected chilli. Stingless bee propolis extract at different concentrations of 1, 2, 5, and 10% were assessed in vitro to inhibit the mycelial growth of C. capsici. The best concentration in inhibiting C. capsici growth was thereafter selected for in vivo experiments. All tested concentrations of stingless bee propolis extract inhibited the mycelial growth of C. capsica, the highest being 35% inhibition from the treatment of 10% propolis extract. The extract at this concentration was therefore tested in vivo, and showed effectiveness in reducing the percentage of disease severity in chilli. The propolis extract was also efficient in reducing weight loss, retaining firmness, pH, total soluble solid, and colour (a* value) throughout 21-day storage at 10°C. The present work demonstrated that aqueous extract of stingless bee propolis could have the potential to control anthracnose disease and delay deterioration, thus maintaining the postharvest quality parameters of chilli. This natural product from stingless bee has the prospect to be an alternative to synthetic fungicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

배경 Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor. C/T has been approved by the FDA, EMA, and MFDS for complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intraabdominal infections, and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Using isolates collected in South Korea as part of the global SMART surveillance program, we evaluated the activity of C/T and comparators against P. aeruginosa (PA). 방법 In 2017-2018, 7 clinical laboratories in South Korea each collected up to 250 consecutive aerobic or facultative gram-negative pathogens from various infection sources per year, for a total of 2375 isolates. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted with CLSI breakpoints. C/T-nonsusceptible isolates were screened by PCR and sequenced for genes encoding β-lactamases. 결과 321 PA isolates were collected (76.0% [n=244] from lower respiratory tract infections, 10.9% [n=35] from urinary tract infections, 8.1% [n=26] from intraabdominal infections, 4.4% [n=14] from bloodstream infections, and 0.6% [n=2] from unspecified source). Tables 1 and 2 show the antimicrobial susceptibility of all PA isolates (including stratified analyses) and nonsusceptible phenotypes, respectively.Among 19 C/T-nonsusceptible PA isolates, 5 isolates carried metallo-β-lactamases (4 IMP and 1 NDM), and in the remaining 14 isolates no acquired β-lactamases were detected. 결론 Antimicrobial susceptibility of PA isolates collected in South Korea was generally lower among isolates from patients in ICU than non-ICU wards and among isolates collected ≥48 hours post-admission than <48 hours, but C/T maintained susceptibility rates >93% in all strata. Only amikacin and colistin showed similar or higher activity, while susceptibility to the other tested β-lactams was 10-55 percentage points lower than to C/T. C/T also maintained activity against 80-85% of PA isolates nonsusceptible to various β-lactams, including carbapenems. C/T can provide an important treatment option for infections caused by PA in South Korea, including β-lactam-nonsusceptible phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

배경 Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor. C/T has been approved by the FDA, EMA, and MFDS for complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intraabdominal infections, and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Using isolates collected in South Korea as part of the global SMART surveillance program, we evaluated the activity of C/T and comparators against Enterobacterales. 방법 In 2017-2018, 7 clinical laboratories in South Korea each collected up to 250 consecutive aerobic or facultative gram-negative pathogens from various infection sources per year, for a total of 2375 isolates. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted with CLSI breakpoints. C/T-nonsusceptible isolates were screened by PCR and sequenced for genes encoding β-lactamases. 결과 1788 Enterobacterales isolates were collected. The 3 most common species overall were E. coli (n=876, 49.0% of all collected Enterobacterales), K. pneumoniae (n=573, 32.0%) and K. aerogenes (n=67, 3.7%). E. coli was the most common species among isolates from bloodstream, intraabdominal, and urinary tract infections (58.2% [149/256], 46.4% [228/491], and 71.6% [462/645], respectively, of all Enterobacterales), while K. pneumoniae was most common among isolates from lower respiratory tract infections (63.1% [245/388]). The table shows percent susceptible for C/T and comparator agents of Enterobacterales overall and of various phenotypic subsets.Among 133 C/T-nonsusceptible Enterobacterales isolates, 11.3% carried KPCs (n=15), 0.8% carried an NDM metallo-β-lactamase (n=1), 47.4% carried only extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL, n=63), and 11.3% carried acquired AmpC±ESBL (n=15). In the remaining 39 isolates, no acquired β-lactamases were detected, and 92.3% of these were species with intrinsic AmpC, such as Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp. 결론 C/T maintained activity against >92% of all Enterobacterales isolates and >75% of ceftriaxone- and imipenem- nonsusceptible isolates. Only the carbapenems, amikacin, and colistin showed similar or higher activity, while the susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolates to the other tested β-lactams was 6-29 percentage points lower than to C/T. C/T can provide an important treatment option for infections caused by Enterobacterales in South Korea, including β-lactam-nonsusceptible phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]