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Coastal dynamics are the result of several processes controlling the balance between sediment input and output over time. The beach system is not always able to maintain a neutral coastal balance due to natural and anthropogenic causes. We present an integrated marine geology, geomorphological and sea-level rise analysis in the coastal sector between Torre delle Ciavole and Capo Calavà (North-Eastern Sicily, Italy).This sector is characterized by high uplift rates and frequent seismicity(mainly generated by the very active Vulcano-Tindari Fault System), promoting the development of mass-wasting processes in the coastal and offshore sectors. A main erosive feature observed in the area is the head of the Gioiosa Marea submarine canyon, located at some meters of depth, few hundred meters far the coastline. The main morphological features of the canyon were reconstructed through the analysis of high-resolution multibeam data, indicating that the canyon is active, as also testified by the comparison of time-lapse aerial photos. Due to this active setting, the study area is exposed to multiple geohazards, among which we deal with: (1) retrogressive instability at the head of the Gioiosa Marea submarine canyon, (2) coastal erosion favored by the downlope funnelling of littoral drift at the canyon head, (3) flooding scenario at 2100 using the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and Rahmstorf sea-level projections. The consequences associated with these geohazards are amplified by the strong anthropization pressures occurring along in this sector.Our results provide key insights regarding the future scenarios of this coastal sector, revealing the effects of the retrogressive activity associated with the canyon head on the coastal strip. We also present the first management tool for the application of forecasting studies by local administrations.

We present a very rare case of a 49-year old woman suffering from Nuck canal cyst reaching and compressing femoral vein. Nuck canal cyst is very uncommon event because the pouch accompanying the gubernaculum during intrauterine descent of ovaries usually obliterates, whereas when it persists a cystic cavity containing citrine fluid develops. A gravid 0 para 0 49 old woman was admitted to Catania University Surgery Department owing to suspected lymphatic tumor compressing right femoral vein and causing groin pain with ipsilateral leg partial stasis. Patient believed right venous stasis was due to fibromatous uterus. Ultrasounds and computed tomography (CT) scan defined size (7.1 × 4.2 × 1.5 cm), structure (cystic) of mass and its relation with femoral vein, although they were not diriment for diagnosing its nature. Color Doppler detected circulatory function of compressed femoral vein. Surgery was challenging and Nuck cyst was removed after accurate separation from the right femoral venous walls. A case of Nuck cyst involving femoral vein has never been reported so far.

Natural processes and human activities are strongly connected, and sometimes con icting, in the evolution of coastal and transitional environments. The strong anthropic pressure on coastal regions, together with the e ects of a changing climate, demands nowadays more pressingly for e cient tools to characterise and predict the behaviour of such systems in order to de ne appropriate response strategies. This requires a deep understanding of the connections among di erent drivers and di erent scales, a multidisciplinary challenge in which heterogeneous data, approaches and scales need to be framed within a consistent dynamical description. To this aim, a speci c research line was dedicated to “Coastal Vulnerability to Erosion and Sea Level Rise” within the RITMARE Project, supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research with the purpose of integrating the Italian Marine community in shared research elds in the period 2012-2017. The activities carried out in this framework have been moving along interconnected branches tackling the themes related with sea level rise, ocean modelling, and geomorphological assessment in present conditions and in di erent climate change scenarios, with an eye on the exploitation of marine sand as a strategic resource. In this contribution we review the main outcomes of this multidisciplinary and coordinated research. Besides discussing the advances and the possibilities from state-of-the art technologies and methodologies, we point out that a coordinated use of the described tools should be promoted in the design of survey and monitoring activities, as well as in the exploitation of already collected data. Expected outcomes of this strategy include the implementation of improved policies and infrastructures for coastal protection, anked by reliable short-term forecasting systems and e cient rapid response protocols, in the framework of an integrated coastal planning at the multi-decadal scale.

We depict the relative sea-level rise scenarios for the year 2100 from eight areas of the Italian peninsula. Our estimates are based on the Rahmstorf (2007) and IPCC-AR5 reports 2013 for the RCP-8.5 scenarios (www.ipcc.ch) of climate change, adjusted for the rates of vertical land movements (isostasy and tectonics). These latter are inferred from the elevation of MIS 5.5 deposits and from late Holocene sea-level indicators, matched against sea-level predictions for the same periods using the glacio-hydro-isostatic model of Lambeck et al. (2011). We focus on a variety of tectonic settings: the subsiding North Adriatic coast (including the Venice lagoon), three tectonically stable in Sardinia coastal plains (Oristano, Colledonia and Cagliari coastal plain), Marche (Tronto), Abruzzo (Pescara and Sangro coastal areas), Apulia (Lesina), Granelli (Sicily), and Marina di Campo (Tuscany) and the slightly uplifting Taranto coastal plain. Maps of ooding scenarios are shown on high-resolution Digital Terrain Models mostly based on Lidar data. The expected relative sea-level rise by 2100 will change dramatically the present-day morphology, potentially ooding up to about 6000 km2 of coastal plains at elevations close to present-day sea level. The subsequent loss of land will impact the environment and local infrastructures, suggesting land planners and decision makers to take into account these scenarios for a cognizant coastal management. Our method developed for the Italian coast can be applied worldwide in other coastal areas expected to be a ected by marine ingression due to global climate change.

We report a case of a 32-year old woman with severe pelvic abscess formation who was readmitted to the hospital after ten days of postoperative caesarean course. The patient had undergone emergency caesarean section (CS) for acute foetal sufferance during expulsive period and following three days had been discharged regularly. Enterococcus Faecalis was isolated from purulent material. A prompt antibiotic therapy was carried out, therefore clinic condition did not improve. A percutaneous Computed Tomography (CT)-guided drainage of the abscess was planned. Under local anesthesia abscess was drained. The hospitalization stay allowed monitoring the patient's clinical condition and laboratory blood panel until normalization of all parameters.

Boulders disjoined from platform edges or accumulated in the nearshore are frequently transported and deposited in the backshore as a consequence of tsunamis and high-magnitude storm waves. We investigate this process in the Favignana Island (Egadi Archipelago) coastal zone by integrating geological and morphological data with numerical hydrodynamic analysis and radiocarbon dating. Boulders and sockets are detected in proximity to the shorelines of Punta Faraglione and Punta Fanfalo, which are located in the NW and SE sectors of the Favignana Island, respectively. They are scattered on the rocky platform as isolated blocks or in small groups that, together, form a discontinuous berm. The latter is characterized by an imbricate structure in which the A-axis of boulders steeply dips toward the sea. The boulders are composed of grainstones and marl deposits of Early-Middle Pleistocene age. Most of them are covered by marine biogenic incrustations. The boulders exhibit a tabular shape with sharp broken edges. Their shape, length and width appear to be influenced by litho-structural features of the rocky platform. In fact, the thickness of bedding planes and fracture network are particularly of interest because weathering and wave action (i.e. hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution) operate simultaneously in these discontinuities to weaken them. The histogram of boulders’ thicknesses shows three main peaks that correlate with the thickness of the strata of coeval deposits cropping out close to the town of Favignana. Numerical hydrodynamic analysis is used in order to determinate both the minimum flow velocity and the tsunami and storm wave height that satisfy the requirements to initiate the transport of a boulder. For each boulder mapped in the coastal zone, two pre-transport conditions, which are submerged and joint bounded, are considered. In particular, we applied equations that differ for submerged blocks because of their initial transport mode (sliding, rolling/overturning, saltation/lifting). Hydrodynamic modeling indicates that among all of the considered scenarios for each boulder, there is at least one case in which the wave height required to start its transport is compatible with the significant wave heights recorded by the RON buoy of Mazara del Vallo. The historical data of tsunami and storms events, the results of the hydrodynamic equations, the radiocarbon dating, the dispersion of the A-axis direction, and the presence of small boulders with striae due to a fresh impact coherently suggest that boulder deposits in the Favignana Island coastal zone are polyphasic.

The submerged Sill in the Messina Strait, which is located at a depth of -81 m m.s.l., represents the only possibile connection between Calabria and Sicily during the last lowstand, when the sea level was at about -126 m m.s.l. This multidisciplinary research aim at documenting times and modes the bridge between Calabria and Sicily was emerged, during the last 40 ka BP. The analysis carried out on morphobathymetric, lithological and relative sea level change (both isostatic and tectonic) data allow to hypothesize the continental bridge emerged at least between 21.5 ka and 20 ka cal BP. Moreover, considering erosion processes due to very strong marine currents, it could be emerged for a longer time span. This hypothesis is supported by anthropological and mammalofauna data, together with 14C dating on Equus hydruntinus from San Teodoro Cave. © 2012 Società Geologica Italiana, Roma.

Bovine viral diarrhoeaemucosal disease (BVD-MD) is caused by a Pestivirus. Two genotypes are recognized: BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. BVDV-1 causes diarrhoea, respiratory disorders and reproductive disorders. BVDV-2 causes a haemorrhagic syndrome. We describe several hypervirulent outbreaks characterized by severe haemorrhagic signs caused by BVDV-1 in Sicily.

Questo lavoro si basa sul ritrovamento, in una grotta carsica, a 100 metri di quota a Custonaci in provincia di Trapani, di una stalattite di notevole interesse paleo climatico, ricoperta da coralli marini, la cui sezione rivela la presenza di 3 Iatus che denotano una interruzione della deposizione di carbonato continentale presumibilmente in seguito a trasgressioni marine. Il carbonato, datato attraverso la metodologia 230Th/U MC-ICPMS (NeptunePlus), ha fornito una età più antica del limite temporale massimo di applicabilità del metodo ( 600 ka). I coralli, che ricoprono il livello continentale più giovane, analizzati usando il rapporto 87Sr/86Sr, hanno fornito una età di 1.1±0.2 Myrs. Alcune considerazioni sui risultati delle analisi δ18O sui livelli continentali dello speleotema indicano una deposizione durante il MIS 27-31.

La Diarrea Virale del Bovino-Malattia delle Mucose, è una malattia infettiva che colpisce i bovini, ampiamente diffusa a livello mondiale. L’agente infettivo responsabile è un virus provvisto di envelope e con un genoma ad RNA a singolo filamento e a polarità positiva, appartenente al genere Pestivirus, famiglia Flaviviridae. A causa dell’elevata capacità di andare in contro a mutazioni genetiche, esistono numerose varianti di BVDV con diverso assetto antigenico e differente patogenicità. Ad oggi sono noti due genotipi: il BVDV-I e il BVDV-II. Il BVDV-I comprende almeno 13 sottotipi, mentre ne sono stati descritti solo 2 per il BVDV-II. Quest’ultimo, poco diffuso nel nostro territorio, è responsabile di una sindrome emorragica altamente letale. In Italia è stato isolato da bovini che erano stati trattati con vaccini anti-IBR contaminati. Recentemente è stata anche ipotizzata la presenza in Italia di una terza variante, il BVDV-III. L’infezione da BVDV spesso è associata con disordini a livello riproduttivo e nelle bovine gravide può esitare in aborto, malformazioni fetali o nascita di vitelli persistentemente infetti (PI). Scopo del presente lavoro è stato quello di genotipizzare i ceppi di BVDV isolati, al fine di approfondire la conoscenza circa la diffusione delle diverse varianti virali in Sicilia. Sono stati sequenziati ed analizzati filogeneticamente 18 ceppi, isolati su linee cellulari MDBK, da campioni di animali che erano risultati positivi in RT-PCR specifica per una porzione della regione 5’ UTR e in ELISA per la ricerca dell’antigene virale. Per il sequenziamento, i ceppi virali sono stati sottoposti ad estrazione dell’RNA ed amplificazione di una porzione della regione 5’ UTR, secondo quanto descritto da Vilcek et al. (1994). Le sequenze ottenute sono state successivamente allineate e comparate con altre sequenze di riferimento disponibili in GeneBank. L’analisi filogenetica condotta attraverso il metodo Neighbour-Joining, ha permesso di evidenziare la presenza di due sottotipi virali appartenenti al genotipo BVDV-I: BVDV-Ib e BVDV-Ie. Nessun ceppo virale è risultato appartenere al genotipo BVDV-II. Una successiva analisi di restrizione condotta sugli amplificati utilizzando l’enzima di restrizione AvaI, ha confermato infine l’origine bovina di ciascun isolato. L’analisi filogenetica dei ceppi virali isolati in un determinato territorio, rappresenta un valido strumento per il monitoraggio di una malattia infettiva, permettendo l’evidenziazione di nuove eventuali varianti causa di emergenze sanitarie, la realizzazione di test diagnostici specifici e la realizzazione di una profilassi vaccinale mirata.