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Background Condylar remodelling (CR) is a complex of phenomena that generates in response of the temporo-mandibular joint to forces and stress to maintain a morphological, functional and occlusal homeostasis. The most worrying aspect of the condylar reshape is the condylar resorption which implies fast loss of vertical dimension (>6% of pre-surgical value), mandibular retraction and open bite with preserved articular function. Materials and Methods Six parameters were analysed to study the condyles of twelve patients that underwent orthognathic surgery. The digital workflow was then described to make it reproducible enabling a more in-depth study of the reshaping processes that involving the condyle after a great stress like the surgery. Results The results of our study showed many statistically significant variations of the studied parameters. In all patients, it was noticed a decreased bone density (p = 0,002 per side). Objectives The aim of our study, with the aid of the contemporary 3D imaging and digital modelling and workflow technologies, is to investigate and analyse quantitatively and qualitatively the adaptative processes occurring in CR following bimaxillary repositioning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only paper that investigates the CR considering six different variables at once.

Most nasal cutaneous malignancies occur on the caudal third of the nose. Commonly, following resective surgery, the surgeon is requested to reconstruct the ala. Small skin defects of the nose may be left healing by secondary intention, although this may sometimes create an unpleasant scar. In the present paper we describe a 1-step reconstruction of the distal area of nasal ala, alar facial sulcus and cheek, with a segmented melolabial interpolated flap.

The compulsory use of helmet by motorcyclists has lowered the incidence of facial trauma, but there are few studies evaluating the effects of different helmet types on such injuries. The authors collected retrospective data from the medical records of 287 motorcyclists presenting facial injuries treated at the maxillofacial surgery department of the "University Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro city in South Italy between 1 January 2007 and 1 August 2018. Patients were wearing 2 types of crash helmets at the time of the trauma, full face ones or open-face ones, and were compared using the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS). Those wearing open-face helmet were 3 times more than those wearing full-face helmet, with a higher FISS score.The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Italy's compulsory helmet law on the change in helmet use and in particular if protection offered by helmets w4as different according to helmet type. The authors correlated the FISS scores among motorcyclists wearing these 2 tipologies of crash helmet.

The aim of this retrospective case series was to discuss indications, surgical outcomes, and donor site morbidity in the use of superficial temporal artery perforator (STAP) flaps in intra-oral or extra-oral facial reconstruction. This study involved 9 patients treated with a STAP flap at the Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples. A STAP flap was used alone or in combination with other local flaps, for the coverage of facial soft tissue defects, after the resection of craniofacial malignant tumors (n = 7) or as a salvage flap, in partial or total microvascular flap loss (n = 2). The STAP flap was proven to be a valuable surgical option despite it not being frequently used in facial soft tissue reconstruction nor was it chosen as the first surgical option in patients under 70 year’s old. Donor site morbidity is one of the major reasons why this flap is uncommon. Appropriate patient selection, surgical plan, and post-surgical touch-ups should be performed in order to reduce donor site scar morbidity.

Protruding ears are a common occurrence and can affect the aesthetics and psychosocial aspects of patients. Hundreds of procedures have been described over the years to correct the 2 main deformities related to protruding ears: conchal hypertrophy and anti-helical fold absence.For the rasping technique, the rasp is inserted posteriorly, from the side where the skin is excised;The ending part of the forceps looks like a small rasp, it worked very well and the surgery was completed without problemsThe authors think this tip could be a useful "tool" for all the surgeons used to perform cartilage rasping "in case of necessity" when rasp is not available.

Synovial Chondromatosis (SC) of the upper temporomandibular joint (TMJ) compartment spreading into the cranial space is a very rare condition and only 13 cases are described in Literature. The case of a 45-year-old woman with a slight swelling of the right TMJ and opening clicking is presented in this report. Patient orthopantomography showed large calcified masses in the right TMJ space. CT scan and MRI confirmed this finding showing granular masses surrounding the right condylar head spreading into the middle cranial fossa. After biopsy, the lesion was diagnosed as SC, and radical surgical excision was performed. A good functional recovery with no signs of recurrence at 18 months of follow-up was obtained with a good cosmetic result. An extensive review of the literature has been performed and the results are presented in order to establish a correct diagnostic-therapeutic protocol for these oncologic patients.

Purpose Maxillofacial fractures represent a serious public health problem. Their epidemiology is extremely variable, and its analysis is crucial to establish effective treatment and prevention of these injuries. However only two works have been published about maxillofacial fracture epidemiology in Italy. Materials and methods The records of 1720 patients diagnosed with maxillofacial fractures in a 15-years period (2001–2015) in our department were retrospectively reviewed. Results A total of 1108 male and 612 female patients were included in the study. The most frequent aetiology of fracture was road traffic injuries (57.1%), followed by assault (21.7%), falls (14.2%), work accidents (3.5%), sport accidents (3.3%) and other causes (0.2%). Significant variations of aetiology were detected between males and females and between Italians and individuals from other countries. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible (861 cases, 36%), followed by zygoma (489 cases, 20.4%), orbital walls (386 cases, 16.1%) and maxilla (282 cases, 11.8%). Conclusion Road traffic legislation enforcement and continuous public education regarding the use of security devices remain an ongoing problem in our region and should be encouraged. In the same way, as migration flows influence and change the epidemiology of facial traumas, it is crucial to establish social support programs that avoid these disadvantaged categories of victims of violence and crime.