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Environmental degradation and resource overuse can affect business operations. Sustainable development is therefore a global economic priority. Food companies must develop strategies to ensure food security and seek business models to provide economic, social, and environmental benefits. This paper presents the combinations of water and waste management practices (water efficiency targets, water consumption ratio, water intensity ratio, waste recycling ratio, and waste intensity ratio) that lead to an overvaluation of food companies in the stock market (Tobin's Q > 1). These combinations of practices were identified using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of a global sample of 61 listed companies from the food production sector. No necessary conditions were found for the outcome of a Tobin's Q >1. In contrast, the sufficiency analysis revealed five sufficient configurations for overvaluation. The presence of significant recycling and waste reuse performance and the absence of a strong intensity of water withdrawal and waste production are key conditions to achieve the presence of the outcome. The findings provide useful insights for managers, who can focus their business strategies on sustainable and efficient water and waste management to support high financial performance. The findings can also help investors in their decision making.

The Metaverse is an immersive digital environment that enables users, through avatars, to create worlds, objects, and interact with each other for various purposes. Furthermore, its significance in Business and Management is increasingly evident. The objective of this research is to examine the evolution, trends, and research approaches related to the Metaverse in the field of Business and Management. This study presents a comprehensive contextualization and bibliometric analysis of the existing literature in this area. In the contextualization phase, publications per year, citations received per year, most cited publications, and languages used in publications were examined. These analyses provided an overview of the temporal evolution of research, influential publications, and language diversity in the field of Business and Management. Subsequently, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using Co-citation, Bibliographic coupling, and Co-occurrence of author keywords. These analyses helped identify relationships between scientific works, thematic connections, and collaborations among researchers in the studied field. The use of the Web of Science database ensured the quality and comprehensiveness of the collected data, while the Vosviewer tool facilitated efficient visualization and analysis of the results. The findings of this study provide a detailed understanding of the research landscape in Business and Management, revealing key areas of focus, significant contributions, and existing collaboration networks. These insights can be valuable for researchers, professionals, and regulators in the field of Business and Management

This study aims to analyse the mediating and moderating roles played by tacit and explicit knowledge in the relationship between organizational capabilities and product innovation. On a sample of industrial organizations, SEM and multigroup analysis have been applied. The findings show that both explicit and tacit knowledge partially mediate the relationship between organizational capabilities and product innovation, being stronger the mediating role played by tacit knowledge. While high levels of tacit knowledge enhance the impact of organizational capabilities on explicit knowledge and product innovation, a moderate level of explicit knowledge maximizes the impact on the relationships between organizational capabilities, tacit knowledge and product innovation. The discussion of the results, the managerial implications and future research lines are included at the end of the paper.

The analysis of rural entrepreneurship (RE) at the local level requires further development. Its multidimensional nature demands theoretical and methodological approaches to navigate the complex and asymmetrical relationships that could exist between different conditioning factors. Analyses of specific contexts are also attractive for extracting more meaningful conclusions. This study takes the development of a specific type of religious tourism as reference context for the analysis of RE. Pilgrimage has shown a renewed capacity to mobilize people moved both by religious and secular motives in an interplay of values related to religion, nature, and culture. Some financial and technological factors are also relevant in this context. Integrating the Resource-Based View of firms and Resource Dependence Theory, and a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, different combinations of conditions representing values, finance, and technology are derived to explain high and low levels of entrepreneurship in two subsamples of rural municipalities. The results are relevant to preventing policymakers, researchers, and practitioners from making oversimplifying assumptions when analyzing RE. Investigating single factors in isolation lacks thoroughness, as relevant interdependencies exist between resources and agents that must be considered, which lead to diverse combinations of factors that can positively contribute to RE

Sustainability is a major challenge in today's business world, making environmental,social and governance criteria an indispensable tool for business management andinvestment decisions. Using 2020 data of 47 companies from the STOXX EuropeTotal Market Utilities Index and qualitative comparative analysis, this study aims toanalyse how the combination of CO2equivalent emissions, sustainability compensa-tion incentives, environmental investments, environment management training, andpolicy fair competition leads to utility companies' stock market returns. Two subsam-ple models (electricity and non‐electricity utilities) have been considered in the study.The results point to the absence of CO2equivalent emissions, the absence of incen-tives, and the presence of environmental investment as key variables to lead to stockmarket returns. The findings provide relevant information for managers and practi-tioners of utilities industry to achieve improvements in the environmental, social andgovernance management practices, maintaining profitability in financial markets andfacilitating decision‐making for investors

Although the gender composition of corporate boards and the contribution of female directors to corporate governance have been previously analysed, few studies have investigated the factors that may help contribute to increasing the still scarce presence of women on boards. Therefore, using three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimation on a data panel comprising the 100 largest companies in the world according to the 2019 Fortune Global 500 ranking, including data on (re)election proposals for corporate board members, this research aims to analyse the influence of the number of men's nominations, board interlocks, director tenure, geographical area, the sector to which the firms belong, and the relevance of firms on women's nominations for boards of directors. The results show the factors that facilitate the presence of women on boards. In addition, the different influences that remain in the election of female and male directors when considering factors related to the experience, expertise, and networks of directors or the visibility of firms can also be observed. This study contributes to the knowledge of gender diversity on boards, shedding light on the factors that might lead to gender-balanced boards. It could also help companies and policymakers design strategies to build more egalitarian boards

Community renewable energy has been acknowledged as a necessary step in the transition toward a sustainable energy system. It can contribute to the achievement of energy autonomy by communities. In rural settings, it can be a driver of sustainable rural development. And it can be seen as a specific contribution to circular economy from the energy sector. The willingness to invest in community renewable energy has received some attention in previous research but needs further investigation at the local rural scale through quantitative approaches. Based on a survey in a small Galician village, this study contributes to the filling of this gap. The willingness to invest of its inhabitants is analyzed in relation to alternative financial, sociodemographic and sociopsychological features. Survey results show the heterogeneity of individual attitudes and concerns that condition the willingness to invest in rural community renewable energy and the different perceptions of risk and return related to these projects. Cluster analysis allows identifying four different investor profiles (skeptics, financial illiterate, enthusiasts, yield investors). These should be accounted for by project promoters and policymakers when designing incentives and strategies to foster community renewable energy in rural settings

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending uses two-sided platforms to link borrowers with a crowd of lenders. Despite considerable diversity in crowdlending research, studies in this area typically focus on several common research topics, including information asymmetries, social capital, communication channels, and rating-based models. This young research field is still expanding. However, its importance has increased considerably since 2018. This rise in importance suggests that P2P lending may offer a promising new scientific research field. This paper presents a bibliometric study based on keyword co-occurrence, author and reference co-citations, and bibliographic coupling. The paper thus maps the key features of P2P lending research. Although many of the most cited papers are purely financial, some focus on behavioral finance. The trend in this field is toward innovative finance based on new technologies. The conclusions of this study provide valuable insight for researchers, managers, and policymakers to understand the current and future status of this field. The variables that affect new financial contexts and the strategies that promote technology-based financial environments must be investigated in the future

We examine the impact of Twitter sentiment on the returns of four selected bond indices via the selection of relevant threshold variables, such as the S&P 500 Index, the VIX, and the MSCI World Index. If overreaction or underreaction to significant changes in the market occur regularly (De Bondt and Thaler, 1985, 1987; Jegadeesh and Titman, 1993), it is assumed that Twitter users respond with different intensities in the case of rising, falling or rather indeterminable markets. We fail to find evidence that the S&P 500 Index and VIX are relevant in supporting the switching behaviour. However, the MSCI World Index, to a certain extent, causes this relationship to diverge from the linear one. These claims become stronger when lagged and cubic sentiment variables have been included in the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR)

The covid-19 pandemic has shocked society greatly, causing many changes in people's lives. One of these changes relates to leisure and how we relate to others. Videogames became one of the first entertainment options during the pandemic, making the video game industry and the pharmaceutical industry-one of the least affected by economic slowdown. This study analyzes how Twitch and sustainability jointly influence the stock returns of major videogame companies before and during Covid-19 using panel fsQCA analysis. The results show a positive relationship between Twitch, sustainability, and stock returns in video game companies, but this relationship differs yearly, being stronger during the Covid-19 period

This study aims to analyze the combined effect of five conditions—influence at work, interactional justice, workload, laissez-faire leadership, and emotional exhaustion—on the absence of work engagement in public police professionals. Using qualitative comparative analysis on a sample of 119 police professionals, the results show that none of the conditions on their own is necessary to lead to the absence of these professionals' work engagement. In addition, five casual configurations allow for the conclusion that influence at work, interactional justice, emotional exhaustion, and laissez-faire leadership are key conditions, while workload is less decisive in leading to the absence of work engagement in police professionals. The results inform managers of public police institutions on what variables can further contribute to creating workspaces in which learning, professional development, and positive experiences prevail among employees. This study is especially valuable to police professionals because the very nature of their work leads to engagement in acquiring a very powerful meaning

Tourism entrepreneurship has not received sufficient attention in the context of protected areas (PAs). It needs careful management to avoid conflicts with conservation objectives and positively contribute to regional development. Traditional management approaches based on the strict application of the carrying capacity principle are suboptimal. An adaptive management framework has been demanded, but it has been scarcely adopted in practice or explored in previous research. Moreover, appropriate decision-making tools are lacking. This study proposes a combination of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and real options analysis (ROA) to support the sustainable tourism entrepreneurship development in PAs under an adaptive management framework. Costs are related to the conservation and restoration activities, and benefits to the use and non-use value placed by visitors on it, measured through visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) for sustainable tourism. The proposed model also explains uncertainty and flexibility, considering visitors’ WTP and tourism demand as the primary sources of uncertainty. The analysis of the sustainable tourism management of Ons Island, part of the Marine-Terrestrial National Park of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia, is conducted as a case study to exemplify the power of a combined CBA-ROA approach. This study has implications for policymakers, PA managers, tourism entrepreneurs, and researchers.

This study examines how the combined effects of work environmental factors and leadership behaviours lead to the presence (or absence) of industrial employees job performance by applying fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). A sample composed of supervisor-subordinate dyads was used to test the propositions of this study. The results show that the most important variables are transformational leadership and social support. Employee empowerment and task significance seem to play a secondary role in leading to employee job performance. These findings support the need for managers to use positive leadership to manage human resources. This paper contributes to the advancement of the knowledge of employee job performance through the identification of the combinations of conditions that can lead to the presence or absence of this important organizational outcome. Directions for future studies are commented on at the end of the paper

Las comunidades de energías renovables (CER) se han postulado en la literatura académica como una potencial fuente de oportunidades para el desarrollo rural sostenible (DRS). Las nuevas líneas estratégicas del Gobierno de España apuntan a que podrían empezar a incentivarse de un modo más contundente. El objetivo del proyecto de investigación es valorar si los proyectos CER en el ámbito rural son una oportunidad para apoyar el DRS en Galicia. Para dar respuesta a esta pregunta se plantearon tres objetivos específicos: 1) Mejorar la comprensión sobre los factores que afectan a la CER, a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL) que permitió identificar numerosos factores condicionantes agrupados en torno a cinco grandes capitales (económico, social, humano, físico y natural); 2) Facilitar la identificación de municipios idóneos para la creación de CER rurales, desarrollando un indicador compuesto (índice CRERAL) que integra muchos de los factores identificados en la RSL. Por último, explorar la intención individual de participar/invertir en CER rurales, a través de una encuesta desarrollada en un pueblo de Galicia, aplicando diversas técnicas cuantitativas (estadísticos descriptivos, análisis de conglomerados, análisis de componentes principales y de regresión múltiple) para determinar las características sociodemográficas y sociopsicológicas que influyen en la predisposición a participar y/o invertir en una CER rural.

This study provides an analysis of the existing relationship between culture, entrepreneurship, and orientation towards innovation at the national level. Drawing on the creation of an Artificial Neural Network, and using a sample of 37 countries, this paper aims to catalogue each country as innovation-oriented or non-innovation-oriented considering the six cultural dimensions proposed by Hofstede’s model and the country´s entrepreneurial activity. The results achieved suggest that three of the cultural dimensions—long-term orientation, individualism, and indulgence—are positively associated with the consideration of a country as innovation-oriented, but one of them—uncertainty avoidance—is associated with the consideration of a country as non-innovation-oriented. On the other hand, while power distance and masculinity do not seem to be significant variables in this analysis, the entrepreneurial activity rate is associated with countries classified as non-innovation-oriented. This study aims to shed light on the relationships between cultural values, entrepreneurship, and orientation towards innovation, providing valuable information for stakeholders, mainly those belonging to private sector and governments, when designing strategies aimed at creating favourable environments for the development of a country’s technology, research, and innovation

Purpose: Fusing knowledge-based theory, organizational learning theory and dynamics capability theory, this study explores on the one hand the linkage between exploration, sensing and tacit knowledge, and on the other hand exploitation, seizing and explicit knowledge. Thereby it argues that not only tacit knowledge, but also explicit knowledge contributes to competitive advantage for firms. The study also investigates how knowledge transforms into profitability. Design/methodology/approach: The conceptual model is tested with a study sample of 153 industrial organizations using structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings: Results confirm the importance of both tacit and explicit knowledge for achieving sustainable competitive advantages. Furthermore, both tacit and explicit knowledge transform into profitability, both directly and through product innovation and customer centricity which play partial mediating roles. Practical implications: Explicit knowledge strategies can be easier to manage, implement and institutionalize than tacit knowledge strategies, which require human component and intervention to succeed. Managers should hence first implement explicit knowledge strategies to gain expeditious results. Further, with the advent of digital technologies and algorithms that can extract deep customer insights and organizational experiences which are highly tacit in nature and codifying the same into explicit knowledge, the importance of explicit knowledge is further enlarged. Originality/value: Fusing three adjacent theories to establish a robust model specification able to demonstrate the contribution of explicit knowledge in the firm’s competitive advantages.

Investor sentiment is a research area in the theoretical field of behavioural finance that analyses the sentiment of investors and the way it influences stock market activity. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of publications in this area, which indicates its incremental relevance. To date, there is no consensus on the theoretical structure of behavioural finance nor on the investor sentiment research area. We have used co-citation, bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence analysis to provide an overview of the structure of investor sentiment. Therefore, this study contributes to defining the theoretical structure of investor sentiment by identifying the foundations of the research area and main journals, references, authors, or keywords, which represent the core of knowledge of this research area. The results obtained suggest that investor sentiment is related to efficient market theory and behavioural finance theories. Furthermore, investor sen timent is a relevant research field, especially since 2014. Advances in computer science or theories based on physics or mathematics can help to better define the influence of investor sentiment on stock markets. This study advances research on investor sentiment within the field of behavioural finance, thus showing its relevance

Social exchange theory (SET) constitutes the main theoretical framework for research on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), its antecedents (interactional justice and affective commitment), and the circumstances that may exacerbate or weaken these relationships. In the context of the public system and using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study analyzes whether bullying at work weakens the relationship between interactional justice and OCB, considering the mediating role of affective commitment. The results show that bullying at work weakens the relationship between interactional justice and affective commitment, but the results do not support the moderating role of bullying at work in the relationship between interactional justice and OCB. This article contributes to advancing knowledge of a complex phenomenon such as OCB, by analyzing how its main antecedents behave in the event of bullying at work.

Purpose: This study aims to understand the influence of self-leadership on the intention to mentor among university teachers considering the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating role of individualism-collectivism dimensions. Design/methodology/approach: A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from Indian and Spanish university teachers. SEM and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used to theorize about the relationship between self-leadership and intention to mentor, and the potential influence of self-efficacy and cultural variables in this relationship. Findings: Self-leadership strategies influence the intention to mentor through university teachers´ self-efficacy. The positive relationship between self-efficacy and intention to mentor becomes stronger when the respondents are inclined towards vertical collectivistic or horizontal individualistic values. Research limitations/implications: The study extends mentoring literature since it incorporates both individual and cultural variables, allowing observing their interplay and giving a holistic understanding of the issue. The main limitation of the study is its cross sectional survey design, which is the use of data collected from a single-sitting, self-reporting measure. Different procedures were used to control method biases. Practical implications: Intention to mentor can help university teachers (especially the younger staffs) and students to establish the process that can reinforce their commitment towards realistic goals. In the long term, entering into a mentoring relationship might boost self-efficacy and self-leadership qualities of the mentors themselves. 2 Originality/value: The comprehensiveness and relevance of the variables in the context chosen is the primary strength of this research. In the scenario of increasing professionalization and globalization, the cross-cultural nature of this study brings in a global perspective of the research problem.

Based on knowledge-based theory of organizational capabilities and dynamic capabilities theory, this paper tries to establish the linkages between tacit knowledge resources, its integration into firm level capabilities, product innovation and firm performance. In this way, the paper analyses the relationships between some of the most relevant variables to the organizations in order to remain competitive. The conceptual model is tested using a sample of organizations in the industrial sector, using SEM and hierarchical regression analysis. Results show a positive relationship between tacit knowledge and firm performance, tacit knowledge and product innovation, and product innovation and firm performance. A partial mediating effect of product innovation on the tacit knowledge firm performance relationship is established. Also, technical capabilities have a moderator effect on tacit knowledge firm performance relationship. At the end of the paper managerial implications are commented, as well directions for future studies

The influence of social network sentiment on stock market indices and companies has been proven in several studies. However, the influence of social network sentiment on sustainability indices and sustainable companies has not been analyzed so far. Therefore, this study analyzed the influence of social network sentiment on sustainability indices (S&P 500 Environmental & Socially Responsible Index) and focused on variations of this influence on sustainable and non-sustainable companies, namely, in companies included in the Information Technology sector. To this end, two methodologies were used: GARCH (1,1) models and logit-probit models. The results showed that social network sentiment influences S&P 500 Environmental & Socially Responsible Index’s volatility; this influence was greater than the influence of social network sentiment when considering the S&P 500 Index. Additionally, the results showed that social network sentiment influences sustainable companies’ returns but had no effect on unsustainable companies’ returns. These results highlighted the importance of managing the companies’ profiles in social networks and their corporate image in general, because investors will consider these aspects to design their investment strategies

Reputation is a complex and multidimensional concept that may be organized in downside and upside reputational risk. In this article, we present a formal modelling for the management capabilities of environmental management and reporting over reputational risk, considering that reputational risk is becoming increasingly important for organizations and it directly depends on the information available about companies’ environmental performances. As long as the effectiveness of communication and disclosure plays a key role in the process, the usefulness of environmental management and reporting as a hedging instrument for reputational risk is addressed through different levels of information transparency. When considering a scenario of voluntary reporting, we show that environmentally concerned companies can reduce the cost of environmental management as a reputational risk strategy, as well as reducing the potential loss of reputational value from reputational threats and increasing the potential profit from reputational opportunities. In the context of mandatory reporting, we highlight the role of assurance companies as bearers of the risk of bad reputations for non-concerned companies. As a result, this novel approach applies theoretical oriented research from options theory to reputational risk management literature, so that it benefits from the option’s well known theory, robustness, and conclusions

Using data about votes emitted by funds in meetings held by United States banks from 2003 to 2013, we apply a genetic algorithm to a set of financial variables in order to detect the determinants of the vote direction. Our findings indicate that there are three main explanatory factors: the market value of the firm, the shareholder activism measured as the total number of funds voting, and the temporal context, which reflects the influence of recent critical events affecting the banking industry, including bankruptcies, reputational failures, and mergers and acquisitions. As a result, considering that voting behavior has been empirically linked to reputational harms, these findings can be considered as a useful insight about the keys that should be taken into account in order to achieve an effective reputational risk management strategy

This manuscript provides a novel approach to reputational management as a driver of entrepreneurial sustainability, using game theory to integrate three dimensions of reputation. First, if the entrepreneur perceives reputation as a risk source, the analysis is framed as a prisoner’s dilemma schema that is solved by protecting against reputational threats from entrepreneurial sustainability. Second, if the entrepreneur perceives reputation as a competitive advantage, the analysis is framed as an innovator’s dilemma that is solved by getting reputational opportunities from entrepreneurial sustainability. Third, if reputation is perceived as a strategic asset, the analysis is framed as a coordination game schema that results in the development of a reputational intelligence skill that has the potential to become crucial for success in entrepreneurial sustainability. Consequently, this manuscript provides an original multidisciplinary analysis of reputational management by relating well-known theoretical results from game theory to organizational realities

The resource-based view (RBV) posits that the sustainability of a firm’s success depends upon the creation, development, and implementation of a given organization’s unique resources and capabilities. Based on this theoretical framework, this article analyzes the relationship between organizational capabilities, business strategy, and profitability in the Portuguese textile industry. The strong relationship between these variables suggests that the organizational capabilities and the choice of business strategy may be the key to increase the profitability in this study context. So, the ability of the Portuguese textile organizations to change their business strategy based on their organizational capabilities affects profitability in a number of ways. Concretely, the results of this study highlight the importance of the choice of the business strategy as a partial mediator between the organizational capabilities and the profitability, a point that is crucial to understanding the success of a given organization and how resources and capabilities contribute to the process. The article concludes with a number of managerial implications and directions for future research.

Este traballo analiza o perfil da vítima de “mobbing” entre unha mostra da poboación asalariada de Galicia, prestándolles especial atención ás diferenzas de xénero. Neste sentido, os resultados mostran diferenzas significativas entre os homes e as mulleres en relación coa taxa de incidencia de “mobbing” e co tipo e gravidade das condutas sufridas. En concreto, as mulleres vense máis afectadas polos procesos de acoso psicolóxico que os homes, padecendo un maior número de condutas nocivas, pero de xeito menos intenso. No caso das mulleres, as condutas sufridas están máis relacionadas coa esfera persoal, mentres que os homes sofren condutas relacionadas co traballo. En ambos os dous casos, as vítimas sinalan a envexa como a causa do “mobbing”, optando por actuar de xeito pasivo ante os ataques do agresor ou da agresora, normalmente un/unha superior/a xerárquico/a, Este trabajo analiza el perfil de la víctima de “mobbing” entre una muestra de la población asalariada de Galicia, prestando especial atención a las diferencias de género. En este sentido, los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en relación con la tasa de incidencia de “mobbing” y con el tipo y gravedad de las conductas sufridas. En concreto, las mujeres se ven más afectadas por los procesos de acoso psicológico que los hombres, padeciendo un mayor número de conductas nocivas, pero de forma menos intensa. En el caso de las mujeres, las conductas sufridas están más relacionadas con la esfera personal, mientras que los hombres sufren conductas relacionadas con el trabajo. En ambos casos, las víctimas señalan la envidia como la causa del “mobbing”, optando por actuar de forma pasiva ante los ataques del agresor o de la agresora, normalmente, un/una superior/a jerárquico/a, This paper analyzes the victim profile of mobbing among a sample of Galician working population, with special attention to gender differences. The results show significant differences between men and women in relation to the mobbing incidence and the type and seriousness of the behaviours suffered. In particular, women are more affected by the processes of psychological harassment than men and they suffer a greater number of behaviours although less intense. In the case of women, the behaviors suffered are more related to the personal sphere, while men suffer work-related behaviours. In both cases, the victims indicate envy as a cause of mobbing, who choose to act passively to attack the aggressor, normally a superior

La gestion de las personas preocupa cada vez mas a quienes dirigen todo tipo de organizaciones, lo que provoca que la demanda de ideas, estrategias e instrumentos que permitan lograr avances en este campo haya crecido en los ultimos tiempos de modo significativo. Resulta claro que los cambios legales, la modernizacion tecnologica o las impresionantes reestructuraciones organizativas ¡aun siendo importantes! No son suficientes para producir los cambios que demanda el entorno actual. La clave del exito consiste en penetrar en las mentes de las personas para conocer como son, que quieren, por que actuan de una u otra forma..., consiguiendo extraer de ellas lo mejor y mas positivo para lograr su crecimiento profesional y personal y, por ende, el de toda la organizacion.

A conservación do medio natural constitúe un tema dunha enorme importancia na sociedade actual. Nesa conservación ten unha grande importancia o comportamento de compra e de consumo dos individuos, polo que cómpre analizar cáles son os determinantes básicos dese comportamento. Neste traballo analízanse os compoñentes que residen na base do comportamento ecolóxico do consumidor, o nivel de coñecemento ecolóxico e a conciencia ambiental, tratando de establece-la estructura desta conciencia e a súa posible relación coas características dos individuos, The environment conservation has become a very important topic of our days. The individuals’ purchase and consumption behaviour is clue in that conservation, so analyzing its basic determinants is necessary. This work pays attention to the basic elements of the ecological consumer behaviour, the ecological knowledge level and the environmental awareness, trying to set this awareness structure and its relation to the individuals’ characteristics, La conservación del medio natural constituye un tema de una enorme importancia en la sociedad actual. En dicha conservación tiene una gran importancia el comportamiento de compra y de consumo de los individuos, por lo que es necesario analizar cuáles son los determinantes básicos de ese comportamiento. En este trabajo se analizan los componentes que residen en la base del comportamiento ecológico del consumidor, el nivel de conocimiento ecológico y la conciencia ambiental, tratando de establecer la estructura de esta conciencia y su posible relación con las características de los individuos

España é un dos países de Europa occidental que conta cunha maior tradición vitivinícola. A gran variedade de solos e de climas incentivou unha extensa gama de viños, cada un deles marcado por unha personalidade diferente. Todas esas circunstancias determinaron no seu día a necesidade de regulamentar estes viños con denominacións de orixe para protexelos, regula-la producción e garanti-la calidade. O maior patrimonio da denominación de orixe Rías Baixas radica en ser capaces de proporcionar viños dunha enorme calidade, o que lles permite competir cos mellores e máis prestixiosos viños brancos do mundo. O esforzo colectivo e a busca de calidade fixo posible que en 1988 se aprobase o regulamento da denominación de orixe Rías Baixas, Spain is one of the countries of Western Europe with greatest wine tradition. The great variety of grounds and climates has stimulated an extensive wine range, each one of them marked by a different personality. All those circumstances determined the necessity to regulate these wines with Designations of Origin to protect them, in order to regulate the production and to guarantee the quality. The greatest patrimony of the Designation of Origin Rías Baixas is to be able to provide wines of enormous quality, which allows them to compete with best and most prestigious white wines in the world. The collective effort and the search of quality made possible that in 1988 the regulation of the Designation of Origin Rías Baixas was approved, España es uno de los países de Europa occidental que cuenta con una mayor tradición vitivinícola. La gran variedad de suelos y de climas ha incentivado una extensa gama de vinos, cada uno de ellos marcado por una personalidad diferente. Todas esas circunstancias determinaron en su día la necesidad de reglamentar estos vinos con denominaciones de origen para protegerlos, regular la producción y garantizar la calidad. El mayor patrimonio de la denominación de origen Rías Baixas radica en ser capaces de proporcionar vinos de una enorme calidad, lo que les permite competir con los mejores y más prestigiosos vinos blancos del mundo. El esfuerzo colectivo y la búsqueda de calidad hizo posible que en 1988 se aprobase el reglamento de la denominación de origen Rías Baixas