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11. A Study of Preservice Teachers' Attitudes toward English Language Learners and Perceptions of Their Professional Education Training and Instructional Strategies regarding English Language Learners

Author

Lo, Yu-Chih

Abstract

With the rapidly changing demographics of the public school student population in the United States, teacher preparation programs have been driven to prepare teachers for linguistically and culturally diverse students. Considering these issues, the current research was conducted to benefit current teacher education research regarding English language learners (ELL) students. The purpose of the study was to investigate (a) preservice teachers' attitudes toward ELL, (b) preservice teachers' perceptions toward their professional education training for ELL, and finally, (c) their perceptions toward instructional strategies regarding ELL. The current study utilized the Concurrent Triangulation Strategy (Creswell, 2003) research design to enhance the reliability and validity of the study. The study centered on 12 research questions which include 8 quantitative and 4 qualitative research questions. The research was conducted in two phases, quantitative and qualitative. In the quantitative phase, a theory-based survey was adopted and adapted. One hundred and twenty-nine preservice teachers of a teacher preparation program in a state-supported university of South Texas participated in the survey questionnaire. In the qualitative phases, a 35 minute semi-structured individual interview was employed. Twelve interviewees from among the 129 preservice teachers participated in the interviews. The data analysis also has two phases. The researcher utilized SPSS 16 to analyze the quantitative data with descriptive statistics, Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient test, and Mann-Whitney "U" test. The qualitative data was analyzed and coded with theory-based themes and Atlas.ti 5.0. The discussion of the findings focuses on four main topics on the basis of the research questions, (a) attitude toward ELL, (b) relationship between professional education training for ELL, and attitudes and perceptions, (c) perceptions toward their professional education training for ELL, and (d) perceptions toward instructional strategies regarding ELL. The researcher first discussed the participants, Bilingual Generalist Early Childhood to 4th major, and Generalist Early Childhood to 4th major as a whole group. Then, the researcher examined participant attitudes and perceptions regarding English language learners in terms of their majors. The conclusions from relevant literature together with the results of quantitative and qualitative data, were triangulated to discuss the findings. Finally, in order to benefit teacher education research, based on the findings, the researcher provided pedagogical implications for teacher preparation programs. Recommendations were also made to better similar research for future studies. It is hoped that by providing better and sounder teacher preparation, the future teaching force can indeed be ready to teach "all" students. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2009

16. Disruption of the pentraxin 3/CD44 interaction as an efficient therapy for triple‐negative breast cancers

Author

Hsiao, Yu‐Wei, primary, Chi, Jhih‐Ying, additional, Li, Chien‐Feng, additional, Chen, Lei‐Yi, additional, Chen, Yi‐Ting, additional, Liang, Hsin‐Yin, additional, Lo, Yu‐Chih, additional, Hong, Jhen‐Yi, additional, Chuu, Chin‐Pin, additional, Hung, Liang‐Yi, additional, Du, Jyun‐Yi, additional, Chang, Wen‐Chang, additional, and Wang, Ju‐Ming, additional

Published
2022
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22. Crystal structure of inhibitor of [kappa]B kinase [beta]

Author

Xu, Guozhou, Lo, Yu-Chih, Li, Qiubai, Napolitano, Gennaro, Wu, Xuefeng, Jiang, Xuliang, and Dreano, Michel

Subjects
Crystals -- Structure, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Inhibitor of [kappa]B (I[kappa]B) kinase (IKK) phosphorylates I[kappa]B proteins, leading to their degradation and the liberation of nuclear factor [kappa]B for gene transcription. Here we report the crystal structure of IKK[beta] in complex with an inhibitor, at a resolution of 3.6 Å. The structure reveals a trimodular architecture comprising the kinase domain, a ubiquitin-like domain (ULD) and an elongated, [alpha]-helical scaffold/dimerization domain (SDD). Unexpectedly, the predicted leucine zipper and helix-loop-helix motifs do not form these structures but are part of the SDD. The ULD and SDD mediate a critical interaction with I[kappa]B[alpha] that restricts substrate specificity, and the ULD is also required for catalytic activity. The SDD mediates IKK[beta] dimerization, but dimerization per se is not important for maintaining IKK[beta] activity and instead is required for IKK[beta] activation. Other IKK family members, IKK[alpha], TBK1 and IKK-i, may have a similar trimodular architecture and function. Structure of inhibitor of [kappa]B kinase IKK (inhibitor of [kappa]B kinase) is an important element in the activation of nuclear factor [kappa]B (NF-[kappa]B) transcription factors -- master regulators of inflammatory, immune and apoptotic responses. Here Wu and colleagues describe the long awaited X-ray structure of a member of the IKK family in combination with an inhibitor. They show that IKK[beta] has a tri-molecular architecture that contains the kinase domain, a ubiquitin-like domain and an extended scaffolding and dimerization domain, and discuss the functional implications., Author(s): Guozhou Xu [sup.1] , Yu-Chih Lo [sup.1] , Qiubai Li [sup.1] , Gennaro Napolitano [sup.2] , Xuefeng Wu [sup.2] , Xuliang Jiang [sup.3] , Michel Dreano [sup.4] , Michael [...]

Published
2011
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23. Helical assembly in the MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 complex in TLR/IL-1R signalling

Author

Lin, Su-Chang, Lo, Yu-Chih, and Wu, Hao

Subjects
Protein kinases -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Cellular signal transduction -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Interleukins -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Cell receptors -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

MyD88, IRAK4 and IRAK2 are critical signalling mediators of the TLR/IL1-R superfamily. Here we report the crystal structure of the MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 death domain (DD) complex, which surprisingly reveals a left-handed helical oligomer that consists of 6 MyD88, 4 IRAK4 and 4 IRAK2 DDs. Assembly of this helical signalling tower is hierarchical, in which MyD88 recruits IRAK4 and the MyD88-IRAK4 complex recruits the IRAK4 substrates IRAK2 or the related IRAKI. Formation of these Myddosome complexes brings the kinase domains of IRAKs into proximity for phosphorylation and activation. Composite binding sites are required for recruitment of the individual DDs in the complex, which are confirmed by mutagenesis and previously identified signalling mutations. Specificities in Myddosome formation are dictated by both molecular complementarity and correspondence of surface electrostatics. The MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 complex provides a template for Toll signalling in Drosophila and an elegant mechanism for versatile assembly and regulation of DD complexes in signal transduction., Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptors for pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-18 share a common Toll/IL-1R homology (TIR) domain in their intracellular region and belong to the TLR/IL-1R superfamily (1,2). TLRs [...]

Published
2010
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32. Identification of two independent SUMO-interacting motifs in Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1): Implications for mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-mediated transcriptional regulation

Author

Wang, Chi-Hsien, primary, Hung, Pei-Wen, additional, Chiang, Chi-Wu, additional, Lombès, Marc, additional, Chen, Chang-Han, additional, Lee, Kuen-Haur, additional, Lo, Yu-Chih, additional, Wu, Mei-Hsiang, additional, Chang, Wen-Chang, additional, and Lin, Ding-Yen, additional

Published
2019
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