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Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an invasive therapeutic alternative for patients with osteoarthritis, frequently performed in those candidates for surgical management, however; sometimes this is accompanied by periosteal infections (PI) that can put the procedure and the patient's life at risk. In recent years, studies have been conducted with the purpose of establishing a classification, risk factors, prevention measures, diagnosis and treatment of this condition, until today is a subject that remains controversial. In relation to the diagnosis of infection after TKA, until now it is a difficult process to carry out because there are few clinical findings for physician to know that he is facing an infectious process, thus several tests such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, synovial white blood cell count and intraoperative histopathological examination have been established to help the diagnosis in doubtful situations. From the therapeutic perspective, it is important to know the factors that intervene in the pathophysiology of the infection and its aggravating factors, since they are the main point of reference for the indication of different lines about antibiotic treatment or invasive management for the prevention or specific treatment of patients with PI after TKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]