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According to the Law on Regional Development of the Republic of Croatia, counties are the bearers of regional development in their territories. Hence, the implementation of regional development policies should be based on county de[1]velopment plans, which act as core documents for the selection and implementa[1]tion of projects co-financed by the EU funds, ensuring the achievement of region[1]al and local development goals. As funds (both budgetary and non-refundable EU funds) are limited and the need for project implementation is significant, the bearers of regional development must credibly assess the most significant development projects and prioritise their implementation. This paper presents the methodology for the effective selection of development projects at the county level, which is also applicable at the local and national levels. The first precondition to a successful methodology was ensuring that all laws and bylaws were considered properly. The presented methodology is primarily based on the application of the mathematical method of weighted factors as the most appropriate method of multi-criteria decision-making. The basic characteristics of the applied method. A Framework for the Selection of Projects are related to determining and defining the sequence and scope of activities in the selection procedure. The emphasis is on the introduction of control points as well as on responsible persons and institutions for the implementation of each of the stages being evaluated. The proposed framework has been tested in practice and it has shown rather positive results, thus becoming an appropriate project selection framework for the public sector.

From its beginnings, traffic in cities has taken place without traffic signs, and the traffic signs to which we are accustomed today has actually developed only in recent decades. For most of the 20 century, it was believed that increasing traffic safety was achieved by separating vehicles from other road users. Probably no city in the world, no street, is inconceivable without traffic signs which warning traffic participants of the danger that threatens them on a particular road or part of that road, making them aware of the restrictions, prohibitions and obligations that road users must adhere to and provide the necessary information for a safe and uninterrupted flow of traffic. In a new principle of street and traffic planning called shared space which is based on removing regulatory features of traffic control such as: traffic lights, traffic signs, horizontal markings on the pavement and even curbs, replacement of classic intersections with roundabouts, while different paving of traffic areas stand out better than traffic signals. In order to approach the application of the principle of shared space, streets must be purposefully planned and equipped for slower traffic. This requires the application of different project solutions, before which various researches are done. This paper will present an analysis of the current situation and traffic therapy of a part of the street in the city of Varazdin in the Republic of Croatia, where over five thousand students come every day. Noise levels were measured in the coverage area because exposure to increased noise levels in persons occurs fatigue, decreased concentration and ability to work, impaired communication. An anonymous survey was also conducted in order to obtain the opinion of the residents of the City on the current situation on the topics of walking and cycling, traffic safety and urban mobility. As traffic counting or recording is the basis for measures to improve existing and future traffic, dynamic traffic counting was performed by the method of simple measurement of vehicle registration plates. With all the negative impacts that today’s traffic has, there is a growing initiative for change in terms of improvement. There is a global need to implement new ideas and systems that would change the negative impact of traffic in the future and one of them will be presented.

The trend of an increasing number of student travellers from the University of the North, the University Centers of Koprivnica and Varaždin also affects the quality of their mobility. The mobility of student-passengers in rail passenger transport is directly related to the quality of service and the inevitable maximum safety aspect, but also to the appropriate railway infrastructure. According to the above, it is necessary to analyse the current state of transport infrastructure and propose activities to increase the mobility of student-passengers. This paper analyses the current status of student-passenger mobility in railway passenger transport, and also analyses the regional features of road and railway transport infrastructure, state road DC-2 and railway R202 Varaždin-Dalj, located between the cities of Varaždin and Koprivnica, with regard to route characteristics and infrastructure facilities. As part of the work, a survey was conducted through questionnaires, and questionnaires were completed by students-travellers of the University of the North.

The basic objective of this scientific paper is to explore in both theory and practice the elasticity of demand in urban traffic. We tried to answer whether the elasticity of demand in urban traffic shows a higher intensity of change in the demanded volume of transport services depending on price or income changes. Research results are based on the statistical and mathematical scientific methods. The applicability of the acquired knowledge is tested through a practical research of the elasticity of demand in urban traffic of the city of Rijeka.

The purpose of this study is to understand whether and to which extent hotel enterprises, under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, have adjusted their business strategies with regard to parking services, given the change in the structure of guests, that is, a decrease in the number of air- travel guests and an increase in the number of car-travel guests. The study examines changes in turnover and guest structure in hotels in central and southern Dalmatia that were focused on air- travel guests in the pre-pandemic period. The study involved desk research to obtain insight into the responses of hotel enterprises to changed business conditions as a result of the pandemic, with special reference to the modification of business strategies in those segments deemed to be of special importance to individual destinations. This was followed by primary research using the interview method and involving managers in destinations accessible largely by air transport. The aim was to understand the quantitative and qualitative changes in guest turnover caused by the pandemic and to examine the attitude and resulting responses of managers in the segment of parking services for hotel guests. The study reveals the drop and change in the structure of hotel guest turnover and presents the various responses of managers, which ranged from implementing no measures to ensure the required parking spaces, to developing elaborate models. The contribution of the study is that it identifies the different strategic approaches that can be taken to ensure parking services for hotel guests, as those services are a crucial determinant of the quality of a hotel offering. The modified strategies of hotels in the segment of parking services for guests can serve as a platform upon which individual hotels, based on their specific features, could build their own business models, for the purpose of maintaining a certain turnover of guests until the time the situation in the market returns to normal.

The main goal of this academic discussion is to study the effect of subsidies on the offer of sea transport. Research results are based on the method of microeconomic analysis. The knowledge obtained through this academic discussion may prove to be of assistance to managers in the area of sea transport in deliberating on more efficient and market-oriented business models. The results of this work reveal that subsidies in sea transport make sense if they contribute to the improvement of the quality of transport or are of help to those for whom they are intended.

The knowledge about the volume and structure of the transport demand and the possibility of good forecasting represents one of the basic assumptions for successful implementation of the transport policy measures. Studying the variation of the basic macroeconomic indicators and the level of mobility is one of the steps in this direction. The paper analyses the interrelations of the movements of the basic economic indicators and the usage of passenger cars in the area of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (especially the city of Rijeka). The study results can be used as a signpost to traffic planners in preparing the traffic plans, as well as to the executive authorities while planning the development of their region i.e. introducing of traffic measures in local and regional environments.

Traffic accidents are considered the first cause of death of young people, that is, young drivers. Therefore, this problem needs to be given a lot of attention. Traffic accident which include young drivers must be analyzed as an element of the system, and it is necessary to analyze and investigate potential solutions and improve all elements in order to improve the system itself. In the Republic of Croatia, for the first time in 2004, the term "YOUNG DRIVER" as a driver of a motor vehicle up to the age of 24, who holds a drivers license issued in the Republic of Croatia, was introduced into the Road Traffic Safety Act. The share of young drivers in the population in the Republic of Croatia is 4.3%. Young drivers make up about eight percent of road users, causing a total of 9.6% of traffic accidents, or 12.5% of those with fatalities. This paper will deal with traffic safety in other countries, especially in the surrounding countries. According to statistics related to road accidents, young drivers are over-represented and are at greater risk to themselves, passengers and other participants than other drivers. There is a need to respond in a timely manner and to adopt optimal measures to improve the safety of young drivers in road traffic and thus for the safety of other road users. The aim of this paper is to outline measures that would reduce the number of road accidents involving young drivers, especially in urban areas.

Since the Republic of Croatia is one of the most popular European and world tourist destinations, the aim of this paper is, from the user’s (n = 596) point of view, to research the importance of stationary traffic in tourist destinations. The purpose of this paper is to point out the possibilities of improving the tourist destination quality and sustainability through an adequate parking service. In order to corroborate constructed scientific hypotheses, a larger number of scientific methods were used from which a polling method, analysis and synthesis method, descriptive statistics method, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) should be singled out. The major finding of this paper indicates a relatively big importance of stationary traffic (M = 6.51, SD = 2.21) as an element of tourist destination quality. Moreover, regarding the quality of tourist destination, the results of this paper suggest that the parking space availability is more important than the way parking or parking payment are organized. Between the experienced parking problem in a tourist destination and age on one side and evaluation of the importance of stationary traffic as an element of tourist destination quality on the other side, a statistically important connection was established. Gained knowledge can be particularly helpful to hotel industry managers but also to traffic managers whose duty is to provide an adequate number of parking spaces in tourist destinations.

The “Shared Space” concept in urban environments firstly implemented within the Interreg IIIB North Sea program (2000-2006), with the aim of designing public spaces where personal traffic is not dominant. Increasing use of personal vehicles, has led to the adaptation of the public spaces to personal vehicles, when designing the space, and in this way all other types of transport became less relevant. The true flourishing of this concept was achieved by incorporating it in the Guidelines for Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan, as an equal measure for reducing the use of personal vehicles in urban environments. By using the “Shared space” concept, the space is no longer shared, it merges, and the barriers are not lifted but crashed. Within the “Shared space” zones the corridors for vehicles, are not strictly defined. The same applies to corridors for pedestrians or facilities. All surfaces are usually located at the same level, ie they can be slightly raised, but in a way that they do not present an obstacle either to pedestrians or to personal vehicles. In this way, designing such spaces requires an innovative approach to planning, designing and making decisions. The result is involvement of the public and politics in decision making. The benefits identified by the use of such concept are not unified, but they lead to a reduction in the emission of harmful gases, increased traffic safety by reducing the number of traffic accidents and reducing urban congestion. One of the benefits of such approach, although not immediately visible, is that, participants in traffic, assume the responsibility for their behavior. Some examples of good practice will be presented in this paper.

Primarni cilj udžbenika je čitatelju predstaviti značaj i važnost kvalitetnog upravljanja organizacijom i posljedično kvalitetnim upravljanjem lancima opskrbe te dati pregled bitnih relacija i okvira za upravljanje kompleksnim poslovnim modelima, koji u današnjem globalnom poslovnom okruženju postaju esencijalnim strukturama prosperiteta na tržištu. Svaka organizacija djeluje u okviru nekog (manje ili više složenog) lanca opskrbe.Kako je koncepcija sama po sebi relativno nova te kako postoji prostor da se ovo područje značajno izučava, nastala je potreba za udžbenikom koji će na jednom mjestu dati pregled osnova upravljanja opskrbnim lancima. Kao dodatni materijal za izučavanje i razumijevanje upravljanje lancima opskrbe, u prilogu je predstavljeno nekoliko studija slučaja, dok su uz navedeno preuzete i tri studije slučaja s Poslovnog portala Velike Britanije koje iz prve ruke daju uvid u stvarno poslovanje triju globalno poznatih kompanija - Nestle, IKEA i DHL - iz različitih sektora poslovanja.

Problematika odabira optimalnog rješenja smještaja trase infrastrukturnih objekata prisutna je u većini razvijenih država. Pritom je primarni problem prepoznavanja i objektivnog sagledavanja svih utjecajnih čimbenika. Cilj je ovoga rada pokazati kako se primjenom metode višekriterijske analize mogu dobiti zaključci vezani za vrednovanje i izbor odgovarajuće trase željezničke pruge pri postupku planiranja i projektiranja. U radu se daje pregled mogućeg sagledavanja i vrednovanja varijantnih rješenja trasa željezničke pruge. Za ostvarenje cilja istraživanja postavljen je model odabira optimalne trase željezničke pruge primjenom višekriterijske analize. Predloženi teoretski model primijenjen je za odabir željezničke trase koja povezuje Rijeku, Kopar i Trst., The problems of choosing an optimal solution for the position of the route of infrastructural facilities is present in most developed countries. The primary problem is the identification and objective consideration of all influencing factors. The aim of this paper is to show that with the application of multiple-criteria analysis, conclusions related to the evaluation and selection of the appropriate railroad route can be reached in the process of planning and design. This paper provides an overview of the possible consideration and evaluation of alternative railroad route solutions. To achieve the goal of research, a model of the selection of an optimal railroad route by using the multiple-criteria analysis has been set. The proposed theoretical model was applied for the selection of the railroad route that connects Rijeka, Koper, and Trieste.

The issue of the optimal management of the traffic flow and the ensuring of an adequate number of parking spaces is present in the majority of highly developed urban areas of the European Union, including of the Republic of Croatia. The formation of an adequate raster of the transport network, conditioned by the historical and existing buildings and areas is an extremely challenging task. Similarly, ensuring an adequate availability of free parking capacities in times of rush hours in the very centers of urban areas is also very demanding. However, what often occurs, even when adequate parking capacities are ensured, is a halt on the input and output terminals of parking lots and garage facilities that are derived by a disproportion of their capacities and traffic needs at a specific time. Precisely for that reason, this paper presents a potential model for the determining of an optimal number of input service places (terminals) by using the queuing theory.

Nabava se nekada u prošlosti bavila uglavnom administrativnim poslovima naručivanja i reklamiranja nedostataka isporučene robe te skladištenja i izdavanja materijala prema zahtjevima korisnika. Danas je nabava sve manje funkcija s taktičkim zadacima u svezi s izvršenjem zahtjeva za nabavu uz niske nabavne cijene, odnosno ona sve više postaje strategijska funkcija koja svoje odluke temelji na filozofiji i politici stvaranja vrijednosti i sniženja ukupnih troškova u lancu opskrbe. Stoga se ovaj rad bazira na radnoj hipotezi koja glasi: Odabir optimalnog oblika organizacijske strukture nabave te optimizacija službe nabave u znatnoj mjeri utječe na poslovanje i poslovni rezultat tvrtke. Svrha ovog rada je dokazati da optimalni oblik organizacijske strukture nabave utječe na efikasnost poslovanja te na mogućnost optimizacije službe nabave u tvrtkama. Cilj istraživanja je da se kroz teoretska i praktična istraživanja istaknu temeljni organizacijski oblici službe nabave u tvrtkama i javnim tijelima te da se prikaže primjer organizacije službe nabave u tvrtci koja se bavi izradom drvenih modela za ljevaonice., In the past, procurement mainly dealt with administrative tasks regarding ordering goods and reporting defects on the delivered goods, as well as storing and issuing of materials according to user requirements. Today, the procurement is to a lesser degree a function with tactical tasks related to carrying out requests for procurement at low purchase price, as is increasingly becoming a strategic function whose decisions are based on the philosophy and policy of value creation and reduction of overall costs in the supply chain. Therefore, this paper is based on the following research hypothesis: Selection of optimal organizational structure of supply and procurement service optimization significantly affects the operations and business results of the company. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the optimal form of the organizational structure of procurement affects the efficiency of operations and ability to optimize procurement service in companies. The research objective is to highlight the basic organizational forms of procurement service in companies and public bodies through theoretical and practical studies and to present an example of organization of procurement service in a company that manufactures wooden models for foundries.

Consequences of individual transport rapid development are a threat for modern cities and their population. Actually, transport problems in urban areas mostly derive from inadequate solutions of urban mobility by local transport systems. Majority of these problems are caused by extreme density of motor vehicles in urban areas. Increase of motor vehicles is a consequence of income increase and better standard of living. Accordingly, theoretical part of this study will investigate and elaborate on modern problems of urban transport, while the practical part of this work gives an overview of concrete solutions to some of the problems of urban transport on the example of the city of Rijeka in Croatia. Results of research also suggest guidelines for more efficient transport management in cities of similar size.

U ovom radu analizira se utjecaj upravljanja zalihama materijalnih dobara i skladišno poslovanje u logističkoj industriji na poslovanje poduzeća. Zalihe su kratkotrajna materijalna imovina koje su neophodne za poslovanje poduzeća, pa je sukladno tome iznimno važna i sama evidencija zaliha. To podrazumijeva praćenje zaliha od trenutka njihova ulaska u poduzeće pa sve do trenutka njihova postojanja kao imovine poduzeća. Upravljanje zalihama svakako je jedan od najvažnijih logističkih zadataka. Mnoge se tvrtke susreću s problemima koji otežavaju pronalaženje optimalne politike upravljanja zaliha - nepredvidivošću potražnje, dugim vremenima isporuke, nepouzdanim procesom dobave, velikim brojem artikala, kratkim vremenom potražnje za određenim proizvodom. Kao preduvjet proizvodnje, zalihe u poduzeću veoma su bitne, sve se više ističe važnost upravljanja njima, čime se na taj način reduciraju troškovi i postiže efikasnija proizvodnja., This paper analyzes the impact of inventory management of material goods and warehouse operations in the logistics industry on company's operations. Inventories are short-term tangible material assets necessary for company's operations, and consequently, the keeping of records of inventories is very important. This means that it is necessary to track inventory from the time of its entry into the company until the moment of its existence as company`s property. Inventory management is certainly one of the most important logistics tasks. Many companies are faced with problems that complicate the optimal inventory management policy: unpredictability of demand, long delivery time, unreliable delivery process, a large number of items, short time of demand for a particular product. As a precondition of production company`s inventory is very important, the importance of inventory management is increasingly being emphasized, as it leads to cost reduction and provides more efficient production.

Nova generacija dokumenata prostornog uređenja zahtijeva prilagodbu novim gospodarskim i inim razvojnim planovima ali i novim parametrima razvoja suvremenog društva. U cilju osiguranja kvalitetnih prostorno-planskih pretpostavki gospodarskog i opće društvenog razvoja nužno je odrediti optimalnu metodu izrade dokumenata prostornog uređenja regionalne razine. Provedeno istraživanje je obuhvatilo analizu mogućih modela izrade strateških dokumenata prostornog uređenja, analizu metoda izrade prostornih planova županija te na osnovi usporedbe uspješnosti pojedinih planova utvrđivanje optimalne metode njihove izrade. Izvršeno je za potrebe određivanja metode izrade, novog, Prostornog plana Primorsko-goranske županije., A new generation of physical planning documentation requires adaptation to new economic and many other development plans as well as to new parameters in the development of modern society. In order to ensure quality spatial planning prerequisites for the economic and social development, it is necessary to determine the optimal method of the development of physical planning documents at regional levels. The study included the analysis of possible models of strategic physical planning documentation development; the analysis of the methods of spatial plans development of the counties; and, based on the performance comparison of individual plans, determining the optimal method of their development. This was done for the purpose of determining the methods of developing the new Spatial Plan of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County.

U ovom radu analizira se problematika potencijala logistike povrata u maloprodaji. Logistički procesi sve su prisutniji u svakodnevnom životu, dok tvrtke koje se bave logističkim djelatnostima, uz optimalno planiranje logističkih procesa, ostvaruju veću dobiti i stabilniji položaj na tržištu. Kako bi se logistika mogla definirati, potrebno je istaknuti elemente logističkih sustava. Pritom se kroz sustav integralne logistike, uglavnom, približavaju proizvodi krajnjim korisnicima. U ovom radu će biti riječi o logistici povrata te o njezinom utjecaju na maloprodaju. Istražit će se i analizirati strukturu logistike povrata, njena uloga u maloprodaji te nakon toga ponuditi moguća rješenja kojima bi se ta usluga poboljšala., This paper analyses the issue of reverse logistics potential in retail. Logistics processes are increasingly present in everyday life while logistics companies with optimal planning of logistics processes achieve increased profit and more stable market position. In order to define logistics, elements of logistics system should be highlighted. Different systems derive from logistics, one of which is integrated logistics system. Integrated logistics systems generally make products closer to consumers. In this paper the reverse logistics and its impact on retail will be discussed. Structure of reverse logistics and its role in retail will be examined and analysed and possible solutions that could improve this service will be offered.

Obnovljivi izvori energije su za Primorsko-goransku županiju osobito važno tematsko područje. Kako zbog potrebe smanjivanja emisija stakleničkih plinova tako i zbog potrebe smanjenja velike ovisnosti o neobnovljivim izvorima energije. Kroz rad se daje pregled provedenih aktivnosti Primorsko-goranske županije u cilju osiguranju prostorno-planskih preduvjeta kojima će se potaknuti i olakšati implementacija obnovljivih izvora energije, a osobito izgradnja vjetroelektrana. Navedeno, u konačnici, može biti dobar model za primjenu i u ostalim hrvatskim, europskim pa i svjetskim regijama. U samom radu se posebno razlaže predloženi model odabira potencijalnih lokacija za smještaj vjetroelektrana izrađen od strane Energetskog instituta Hrvoje Požar kao i najnovije Europske smjernice koje tretiraju navedenu problematiku., Primorsko-goranska County attaches great importance to the issue of renewable energy sources. Both in order to minimize greenhouse gases, and to reduce large dependence on non-renewable energy sources. The paper will outline those activities that the County undertook with the aim to ensure physical planning preconditions, which will have a favourable effect on the implementation of renewable energy sources, in particular on the construction of wind power plants. Afore said can serve as a model which could be applied in other Croatian regions and elsewhere. In the focus of this paper lies the analysis of the suggested model of selecting potential locations of wind power plants developed by Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar, as well as the most recent European guidelines on this issue.