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A divergent synthesis of two new muscarine analogues bearing the (5 S )-dioxolanyl isosteric group was achieved starting from d -glucose, enabling access to libraries of potential muscarinic agonists or antagonists. The key step of the synthesis involved a regioselective epoxide ring opening in 2,5:3,4-dianhydro derivatives 5 and 15 with LiAlH 4 , whereby the natural stereochemistry of (+)-muscarine ( 1 ) and (−)- allo -muscarine ( 2 ) was efficiently established.

A stereospecific synthesis of (+)-muscarine iodide (1) has been achieved starting from D-glucose as a chiral precursor. The key steps of the synthesis involved a stereospecific cyclization of 3,5-di-O-mesyl derivative 3 into the 2,5-anhydride 4, the stereospecific catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated derivative 6, and the C-4 epimerization of alcohol 12 by Mitsunobu reaction.

In developing the next generation of engines and powertrains in the automotive industry, a deep knowledge of acceleration and its perception by the customer is essential. Because the vehicle’s longitudinal acceleration is one of the most dominant factors in perceived driving experience, the desired increase or accepted decrease of this factor should be carefully controlled. The main objective of the present study is to identify the point at which the difference in longitudinal acceleration becomes just noticeable. In particular, this means locating the minimum point at which a vehicle’s acceleration can differ from another and still be noticed by the subject. For this purpose, an experimental vehicle was equipped with an application control device, which allowed the vehicle’s acceleration performance to change within a few seconds. That on the other hand enabled an experiment to be conducted with 16 subjects and using adapted methods from the field of psychophysical research. The obtained threshold of about 0.1m/s² (level of maximum acceleration) and about 1m/s³ (acceleration gradient, 95% confidence interval) demonstrated a way that this research problem can be taken from the laboratory and applied under real life conditions to obtain applicationoriented results.

Autorica obrađuje ukrasne motive prikazane na nadgrobnim spomenicima -stećcima, na arheološki značajnom srednjovjekovnom lokalitetu Crkvina u Biskupiji kod Knina. Nakon kataloške obrade donosi se odgovarajući komentar s osvrtom na simbolični i likovni sadržaj motiva od kojih se neki prvi put predstavljaju znanstvenoj javnosti., In Biskupija by Knin at the site of Crkvina, there is a large cemetery of mc· diaeval standing tombstones -stećci -which according to the latest investigation numbers 114 monuments of which 27 bear ornamental motifs. The dominating motif is the cross both in Latin and Greek forms in various variants. The multitude of crosses speaks of the Christian nature of this cemetery. The cross is followed by the motif of the lily which is shown and stylised, and in most cases is situated next to the cross. The rest of the motifs are not so numerous and they represent half-moons, rosettes, swords, shields, a spear and a stick. Most of the motifs from Crkvina have analogies in other parts of Dalmatia and in neighbouring Bosnia and Herzegovina. However some compositions have not before been seen on other standing tombstones. To these belong: sword and stick in a combined motif -(figo 1), profilation giving a unique shape to the monu· ment (fig. 2), stylised cross at the base with two horizontal arms (fig. 3), cross in· corporated in a lily (24) and others. Stylised Iilies with crosses are a feature unique to this area (Kosovo polje) and this suggests a local mason s workshop. The Crkvina motifs enrich the ornamental repertoire of these tombstones and with their original artistic compositions they constitute a specific group within the art of standing tombstones.

A novel stereospecific synthesis of (+)-muscarine and (+)-epi-muscarine has been achieved by utilizing d -glucose as a chiral precursor. The key steps of the synthesis involved stereospecific cyclization of 3,5-di-O-sulfonyl- d -glucofuranose derivatives into the corresponding 2,5-anhydrides, and stereospecific hydrogenation of 2,5-anhydro- l -threo-hex-2-enose ethylene acetal derivatives, thus providing an access to divergent intermediates for the preparation of both target molecules in a fully stereospecific manner.