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Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) are considered excellent concentrated sources of growth factors (PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, bFGF) and cytokines fundamental for wound healing. The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the effect of PRP and PRF on the second intention wound healing through clinical vision, histopathological examination, and changes in the IL10 and TGF-β genes expression. Fifteen adult dogs were used in this study; induction of a 3cm diameter total thickness cutaneous injury at the right chest region. The animals were divided into three groups equally, and the wounds were treated twice weekly for three successive weeks. The first group (Group A) received only normal saline (control group). The second group was treated by PRP (group B). The third group received PRF treatment (group C). Clinical Evaluation, Molecular studies of interlukin 10 (IL10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) gene expression, and histopathological examination were used to demonstrate the difference between the three treatment regimens. Results showed a non-significant negative correlation between weight loss and WHR% and showed a significantly high positive correlation between treatment cost either by PRP or PRF with IL10 (0.79*) and WHR% (wound healing rate) (0.994**). The IL10 significantly increased in PRP group, while TGF-b was significantly increased in the PRF group. This study concluded that the PRP and PRF exhibited higher regeneration capacity and accelerates the quality of wound healing

The study was done on 120 newly hatched brown Japanese quail obtained from local Egyptian hatcheries, randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group was reared on cage system (CS), and 2nd group was reared on floor system (FS) (60 chicks per group/ 3 replicates, 20 chick/replicate), to investigate the effect of housing on the hygiene, performance, survivability, and economic efficiency of quails. The results showed that the total aerobic bacteria (TAB) of cloacal swabs had non-significant differences between CS, and FS. The higher TAB, E. coli, and total fungal count (TFC) were recorded in FS in feed, water, litter, and floor swabs samples, CS was more hygienic rearing system for quails. Moreover, the higher TAB, E. coli, and lactobacillus were recorded in intestinal samples collected from quails on FS (Log10 CFU/g 5.34, 4.47, and 3.96, respectively). There were no significant difference in immunoglobulin G, interleukin 2 & 6, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, and catalase activity between both rearing systems. Regarding performance parameters, the higher body weight, and feed consumption were achieved in Japanese quails reared on FS. Moreover, the rearing system had no significant influence on the performance, and carcass traits. From the economic point of view, FS had higher feed cost, total variable cost, total cost, and cost of each kg body weight gain from feed than those reared on CS. While, the net profit, gross margin, benefit cost ratio, return on investment, and net profit for each kg body weight gain were non-significantly higher in CS than FS.

Male broiler chicks (135 Indian River chicks (IR) and 135 Cobb chicks; n = 270) were weighed, wing banded, and distributed randomly into three iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diet groups for each breed (triplicate design, 45 bird/group, 15 bird/replicate). The chicks were fed the diets with levels of 0, 4, or 6% sun-dried tomato pomace (SDTP), respectively, for 42 consecutive days to determine the effect of consuming different levels of SDTP on growth performance, economic efficiency, meat quality, and gene expression in IR and Cobb broiler chickens. The inclusion of up to 6% SDTP in the diet of IR or Cobb chickens had no negative impact on growth performance parameters. Chickens from both the IR and Cobb breeds fed a diet containing 4% or 6% SDTP consumed more feed than those fed a diet containing 0% SDTP. Concomitantly, the groups fed a 6% SDTP diet of IR breed incurred a significantly higher feed cost, total variable cost (TVC), and total cost (TC). The inclusion of up to 6% SDTP in the feed of both breeds resulted in a non-significant increase in return parameters. The ultimate pH decreased as the SDTP concentration increased, with no significant differences in water holding capacity (WHC) or drip loss (48 h). No alteration in the mRNA expression of hepatic growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) or insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was found among the treatments for either the IR or Cobb breeds. Thus, up to 6% SDTP can be added to the diet of IR and Cobb broiler chickens without any adverse effects on the examined parameters.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of using rapeseed meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in the diet of farmed tilapia. We evaluated the effect of this replacement on growth performance, profitability, serum biomarkers, antioxidant status, gut morphology, and water quality. A total of 960 apparently healthy Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Sarotherodon galilaeus (S. galilaeus) fingerlings were randomly distributed into four dietary treatment groups for each tilapia species (triplicate design, 120 fish/group, and 40 fish/replicate). The diets consumed by these groups were formulated to replace fish meal (FM) with rapeseed meal (RM) at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, for 12 consecutive weeks. Results indicated that replacing RM in the diet of S. galilaeus (up to 20%) and O. niloticus (up to 10%) resulted in increased growth performance parameters, including final weight, weight gain, length, length gain, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate (SGR), and return parameters such as a total return and relative return compared to the control group. Moreover, an increase in RM up to 30% improved net profit and increased the mucosal length, intestinal villi length, and the number of goblet cells compared with results in its relative control groups. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in serum and liver AST and ALT with increased RM replacement. With respect to water parameters, we observed a significant difference in the ammonia levels, turbidity, and conductivity with the changes to the percentage of RM in the diets. As for the effect on each species, O. niloticus showed a more significant increase in all examined parameters compared to results in S. galilaeus. In summary, up to 10% RM can be used to replace FM without any adverse effects on the growth performance, profitability measures, intestinal morphometric analysis, or water quality.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of date pits (DP) to growing Japanese quails on growth performance, diet digestibility, blood parameters, carcass traits, and economical value of the farm production. A total of 204 1-day-old quail chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups (three replicates each). DP was chemically analyzed and used as 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% to formulate 4 balanced experimental diets (control, DP-2, DP-4, and DP-6, respectively). The feed and water were given ad libitum. Feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) were recorded weekly, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. A digestibility trial was conducted, and the digestion coefficient (DC) was calculated for diet dry matter (DM) and nutrients. At the end of the experiment, carcass traits were measured and blood samples were collected for blood picture analysis. Economical evaluation of the test diets was carried out to determine the net return (NR) of feeding DP to quails. Results showed significant (P 0.05) change in FI and final body weight among treatments. FCR of DP-6 group was the best in all treatments. DC of diet DM and nutrients were reduced with increasing DP level except for nitrogen-free extract (NFE). Carcass traits and blood parameters were within the normal range with no adverse effects. From the economic point of view, quail selling return values were significantly higher (P 0.05) for all the groups supplemented with DP than the control one. Total return (TR) and NR values showed insignificant (P 0.05) differences among the experimental groups; they were higher for DP-fed groups compared with the control. The present results demonstrated a beneficial effect of DP inclusion in the diet of quails in terms of growth performance, blood profiles, carcass traits, and economic value.

Healthy, weaned, coccidial-free male rabbits from two breeds (New Zealand white (NZ) and V-line (VL)) were divided into 10 equal groups (5 groups each for NZ and VL) (3 replicates/group, 6 rabbits/replicate, 18 rabbits/group). All rabbits were inoculated with 5 × 104&nbsp, Eimeria spp. oocysts (E. intestinalis (67%), E. magna (22%), and E. media (11%)) except for the rabbits in the first group (G1), which were inoculated with a sterile solution and served as a negative control. The remaining four groups were treated as follows: G2, no treatment/positive control, G3, treated with neem leaf extract, G4, treated with pomegranate peel extract (PPE), and G5, treated with a combination of neem leaf extract and PPE. For both breeds, our results showed that the use of neem leaf and/or pomegranate peel extract resulted in improved growth performance, with a significant improvement in relative feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the positive control groups, which recorded the worst values, as well as a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in mean oocyst count compared to the positive control groups. We also observed downregulation of mRNA levels of IL-1βα, IL6, and TNF-α in the herbal treatment groups compared with the mRNA levels of these genes in the positive control groups. Herbal treatment with neem leaf and/or pomegranate peel extracts had positive effects on the NZ and VL rabbits experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria species, as evidenced by their healthy appearance, good appetite, no mortalities, an anticoccidial index &gt, 120, and a significantly higher total return and net profit when compared to the positive control groups of both breeds. In NZ rabbits, the treatment with neem leaf extract alone (G3) or in combination with PPE (G5) recorded the most efficient economic anticoccidial activity.

A new trend of regenerative medicine was introduced recently in the field of second intension wound healing. The PRP and PRF represented a corner stone in this clinical practice, were it admit many factors for acceleration of wound healing, enhancement of wound epithelization and neovascularization. PRP and PRF are considered as a great concentrated source of growth factors (PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, bFGF) and cytokines which are fundamental fro wound healing. Nine adult dogs were used in this study; we induced a 3cm diameter full thickness cutaneous injury at the right chest region. The animals were divided into three groups equally and the wounds were treated twice weekly for three successive weeks. Group A received only normal saline (control group). The members of second group treated by PRP (group B) while, the group C treated by PRF. Clinical evaluation, Molecular studies of IL10 & TGF-β and histopathological examination were used to demonstrate the difference between the three treatment regimes. Results showed non-significant negative low correlation between loss of weight and WHR%, and showed significant high positive correlation between treatment cost either by PRP or PRF with IL10 (0.79*) and WHR%(0.996**). We concluded that the PRP and PRF exhibited higher regeneration capacity and accelerate the quality of wound healing. The PRP was more superior to PRF, but not significantly different. The IL10 was significant increase in expression in PRP, while TGF-b was non-significant increased in PRF group

Male broiler chicks (135 Indian River chicks (IR) and 135 Cobb chicks; n = 270) were weighed, wing banded, and distributed randomly into three iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diet groups for each breed (triplicate design, 45 bird/group, 15 bird/replicate). The chicks were fed the diets with levels of 0, 4, or 6% sun-dried tomato pomace (SDTP), respectively, for 42 consecutive days to determine the effect of consuming different levels of SDTP on growth performance, economic efficiency, meat quality, and gene expression in IR and Cobb broiler chickens. The inclusion of up to 6% SDTP in the diet of IR or Cobb chickens had no negative impact on growth performance parameters. Chickens from both the IR and Cobb breeds fed a diet containing 4% or 6% SDTP consumed more feed than those fed a diet containing 0% SDTP. Concomitantly, the groups fed a 6% SDTP diet of IR breed incurred a significantly higher feed cost, total variable cost (TVC), and total cost (TC). The inclusion of up to 6% SDTP in the feed of both breeds resulted in a non-significant increase in return parameters. The ultimate pH decreased as the SDTP concentration increased, with no significant differences in water holding capacity (WHC) or drip loss (48 h). No alteration in the mRNA expression of hepatic growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) or insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was found among the treatments for either the IR or Cobb breeds. Thus, up to 6% SDTP can be added to the diet of IR and Cobb broiler chickens without any adverse effects on the examined parameters.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of using rapeseed meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in the diet of farmed tilapia. We evaluated the effect of this replacement on growth performance, profitability, serum biomarkers, antioxidant status, gut morphology, and water quality. A total of 960 apparently healthy Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Sarotherodon galilaeus (S. galilaeus) fingerlings were randomly distributed into four dietary treatment groups for each tilapia species (triplicate design, 120 fish/group, and 40 fish/replicate). The diets consumed by these groups were formulated to replace fish meal (FM) with rapeseed meal (RM) at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, for 12 consecutive weeks. Results indicated that replacing RM in the diet of S. galilaeus (up to 20%) and O. niloticus (up to 10%) resulted in increased growth performance parameters, including final weight, weight gain, length, length gain, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate (SGR), and return parameters such as a total return and relative return compared to the control group. Moreover, an increase in RM up to 30% improved net profit and increased the mucosal length, intestinal villi length, and the number of goblet cells compared with results in its relative control groups. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in serum and liver AST and ALT with increased RM replacement. With respect to water parameters, we observed a significant difference in the ammonia levels, turbidity, and conductivity with the changes to the percentage of RM in the diets. As for the effect on each species, O. niloticus showed a more significant increase in all examined parameters compared to results in S. galilaeus. In summary, up to 10% RM can be used to replace FM without any adverse effects on the growth performance, profitability measures, intestinal morphometric analysis, or water quality.

The poultry farms need a safe and effective alternative for antibiotics that can counteract the negative impacts of necrotic enteritis (NE), which causes severe mortalities and economic losses. The current study was aimed to examine the influence of antibiotic (Flagymox) and the microbial‐based administration on carcass traits in Clostridium (C.) perfringens‐infected Cobb and Arbor Acres broilers. A total number of 360 Cobb and Arbor Acres broiler chicks (180 numbers per breed) were allocated to four groups; negative control group (without any treatments); positive control group (administration of C. perfringens at the rate of 1 × 109cfu/bird via crop gavage twice daily from day 16 to 18 post‐hatch); C. perfringens challenge plus antibiotic (Flagymox®) group, and Clostridium perfringens challenge plus microbial‐based treatment (Big‐lactoα®) group. The results indicated that the Flagymox and Big‐lactoα treated Cobb breed group achieved a significant increase in their body weight (BW) than the positive control group at the third week post‐infection. Also, the Arbor Acres breed gained significantly higher weight compared to the Cobb breed at the third week. Total weight gain (TWG) from 0 to the fifth week in the Cobb and Arbor Acres breeds were higher in the groups treated with Flagymox and Big‐lactoα compared to the birds challenged with C. perfringens without any treatment, thus, increasing the total return (TR) in the treated groups. Economic efficiency showed no significant differences (p

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different feed additives (Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Organicacids and Enzymes) on chicks’ immunity (Antibody titer against Newcastle vaccine, differential leukocyte count, totalproteins, albumin and globulin value) and economic efficiency analysis by using production functions under summercondition. Our results showed that, enzyme treated group recorded the highest value of white blood cells. Organic acidstreated group for Ross breed showed the highest value for lymphocyte percentage. Heterophils percentage value was thehighest for probiotics and synbiotics treated group. Concerning antibody titer to vaccination against Newcastle, we foundthat all the experimental groups had a positive effect on antibody titer. Regarding, albumin value, it was the highest forprobiotic treated group, while globulin value for Cobb breed showed higher value for all treated groups in comparison tocontrol group except for probiotic treated group. Regarding the effect of these additives on body weight and total return,we found positive relationship between feed additives and body weight and total return. On the basis of our results, itwould be concluded that probiotics, prebiotic, synbiotic, organic acids and enzymes had positive effect on immunity andeconomic performance of broiler chicken.

The poultry industry's goal is to find alternatives to conventional protein feed resources to maximize the poultry venture's profit. One of these alternatives is mulberry (Morus Alba) leaf powder (MLP). In this study, we determined the effect of MLP inclusion in quail diet on growth performance, economic efficiency, bacterial count, oxidative stress and immunity. A total of 288 seven-day-old chicks of Japanese quails (white and brown strains) were obtained from local Egyptian hatcheries, were accommodated for one week, and fed on a basal diet. On the 14th day, chicks were weighted, wing banded, housed in cages, and distributed randomly into three iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets (triplicate/group, 16 bird/replicate, 48 bird/ group). Diets formulated to contain MLP at levels of 0 (control), 4, and 8%, respectively, for each strain from 14 to 42 days of age. Our results showed that the inclusion of MLP up to 8% resulted in a non-significant change on growth performance parameters (final body weight, cumulative body weight gain, and dressing percentage), economic efficiency (total return, gross margin, and benefit-cost ratio), and relative economic efficiency parameters comparing with 0% MLP diet. Additionally, inclusion of MLP up to 4% in both Japanese quail strains showed a non-significant decrease in the cost of each kg body weight gain from the feed. Increasing MLP levels up to 8% in the diet resulted in a non-significant effect on immunoglobulin G in both strain and a significant increase in interleukin 2 & 6. in brown Japanese quail. Superoxide Dismutase activity and catalase enzyme activity showed a non-significant decrease in groups of white strain-fed diets with 4 & 8% MLP than those fed diets with 0% MLP. Inclusion of MLP 8% recorded a significant decrease in the total aerobic count, E.coli and clostridia count, with a non-significant effect on lactobacillus count in both quail strains and antibody titer against Newcastle virus vaccine. We concluded that MLP can be included in the diet up to 8% without adverse effect on growth parameters, economic measures, no oxidative stress and no alteration in bird immunity.

The present study was conducted to explore the effects of some factors affecting the productive and economic efficiency of Hy-Line layer breed in El-Menofia governorate. Data was collected from accurate records present in the farms and from structural questionnaire method during period from 2000 to 2018 on 29 cycles. The aim of this study is to determine and highlight the most important factors affecting the efficiency of Hy-Line breed and their profitability under Egyptian conditions. The study revealed that forced molting had a significant effect (P