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This work primarily reviewed the response mechanism of fluorescent probes for H2S detection in foodstuffs in recent years, as well as the methodologies employed for detecting foodstuffs. Firstly, the significance of studying H2S gas as an important signaling molecule is introduced. Subsequently, a review of the response mechanism of the scientific community on how to detect H2S in foodstuffs samples by fluorescent probe technology is carried out. Secondly, the methods commonly used for detecting foodstuffs samples are discussed, including the test strip method and the spiking recovery methods. Nevertheless, despite the significant advancements in this field, there remain some research gaps. Finally, the article identifies the remaining issues that require further attention in current research and proposes avenues for future investigation. More importantly, this work identifies the current limitations of research in this field and proposes future applications of fluorescent probes for H2S in assessing food freshness and determining food spoilage. Therefore, this review will provide robust technical support for the protection of consumer health and the advancement of the sustainable development of the food industry and also put forward some new ideas and suggestions for future research.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a vital endogenous gaseous transmitter molecule involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes in living biosystems. In order to investigate the biological function of CO, many technologies have been developed to monitor the level of endogenous CO in biosystems. Among them, the fluorescence detection technology based on the fluorescent probe has the advantages of high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, simple operation, especially non-invasive damage to biological samples, and the possibility of real-time in situ detection, etc., which is considered to be one of the most effective and applicable detection techniques. Therefore, in the last few years, a lot of work has been carried out on the design, synthesis and in vivo fluorescence imaging studies of CO fluorescent probes. Furthermore, using fluorescent probes to detect the changes in CO concentrations in living cells and tissues as well as in organisms has been one of the hot research topics in recent years. However, it is still a challenge to rationally design CO fluorescent probe with excellent optical performance, structural stability, low background interference, good biocompatibility, and excellent water solubility. Therefore, this review focuses on the research progress of CO fluorescent probes in the detection mechanism and biological applications in recent years. However, this popular and leading topic has rarely been summarized comprehensively to date. Thus, the research progress of CO fluorescent probes in recent years is reviewed in terms of their design concept, detection mechanism, and their biological applications. In addition, the relationship between the structure and performance of the probes was also discussed. More significantly, we hope that more excellent optical properties fluorescent probes for gaseous transmitter molecule CO detection and imaging will overcome the current problems of high biotoxicity and limited water solubility in future.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone combined with N-acetylcysteine （NAC） in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, aiming to provide basis for clinical medication. Methods Clinical data of 1 patient with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema （CPFE） progressing into idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） were reviewed. Relevant literature was searched and screened from PubMed using the keywords of “pirfenidone”and “N-acetylcysteine”. The extracted data and relevant literature were collected for retrospective analysis. Results The male patient, aged 70 years old, was clinically diagnosed with CPFE which progressed into IPF. In February, 2018, he was treated with pirfenidone combined with NAC. Pulmonary function indexes and CT scan data were improved. No significant adverse events were observed. High clinical efficacy was achieved. Six studies were retrieved in this study. The findings in 4 studies showed that the efficacy of pirfenidone combined with NAC was better than that of monotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. The results in the other 2 studies demonstrated that the disease progression rate of patients treated with pirfenidone combined with NAC was higher compared with that of pirfenidone alone. Conclusions Pirfenidone combined with NAC yield certain effect upon improving the lung function of IPF patients. Clinical efficacy of combined therapy is probably higher compared with that of monotherapy.