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The anthropic impact, having various forms, negatively changes the parameters of water quality and disturbs the living environment of benthic macroinvertebrates. The purpose of the present study is to present how the main sources of pollution influence the way of life of the benthic macroinvertebrates community. 20 quantitative benthic samples were collected from different benthic areas of the Bega River water during from June 2014 to February 2017. In addition to identify all the changes that occur in the structure of macroinvertebrates community due to the activities performed by the human population. For the study to lead to conclusive results, samples were collected upstream and downstream from the main sources of pollution. Macroinvertebrates identified the macroinvertebrates and performed tests to determine the density, abundance and frequency of the samples. Based on these data, it is observed that, the presence of benthic macroinvertebrates that are sensitive to pollutants and higher-quality water in the upstream segment waters sector compared to the waters of the central segment where we identified benthic macroinvertebrates that prefer a polluted living environment. In the downstream segment, we could see that the river has a better quality, because naturally flowing on a long distance, allows an improvement in water quality through the self-purification process emphasized by the occurrence of some sensitive groups to pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important role in the monitoring of the water quality is represented by the benthic macro invertebrates. They are a key component in the transfer of matter and energy in the aquatic ecosystems. In May 2015, 20 quantitative samples of benthic sample were collected at different seasons in the Bega River water. Samples were collected from the upstream, middle and downstream of Timisoara city. The aim of this paper is to identify the changes that occur in the structure of benthic macro invertebrates' communities due to anthropogenic activities. Once the identification of saprobionte organisms has done, it have been performed the density, abundance and frequency of the sample. Based on these values, we can say that the upstream segment waters falls into the category of superior quality compared to the waters of the central segment, especially in the downstream segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miscanthus giganteus is a large, perennial (up to 20 years) grass hybrid of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus native to Japan. It is a sterile hybrid, therefore it propagates vegetative through its rhizomes and that it is a completely non-invasive species. For three years we have monitored a culture of Miscanthus Giganteus on an area of 300 m2, divided into three experimental groups: fertilization with 50 t*ha-1 sewage sludge; fertilization with 50 t*ha-1 manure; 100 kg*ha-1 N15P15K15. Only in the first year of vegetation was assured irrigation. In the first year of vegetation was observed that the species Miscanthus giganteus can adapt well to the conditions of fly ash dumps biotope in the case of organic fertilization with sewage sludge and with cattle manure. In the second and third years was observed that again organic fertilization with sewage sludge and with cattle manure have produced the higher vegetative mass, but we observed that inorganic fertilized plot have a good evolution, even in a slow rate. In conclusion we can affirmed that a culture of Miscanthus Giganteus grown in conditions of fly ash deposit improve the environment condition in an ecological way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human impact in various forms changes the water quality parameters and disturbs the environmental living of saprobionte organisms. The present study follows the ecological parameters of the saprobionte organism as a diagnostic method of Bega river water quality in the area of Timisoara city. In August 2014 in the Bega River were collected 20 quantitative samples of benthic zones, in order to highlight the links between pollution degree and the saprobionte organisms community. Samples were collected from the upstream, middle and downstream of Timisoara city. After the identification of saprobionte organisms, have been performed the density, abundance and frequency of the sample. Based on these values, we can say that the upstream segment waters falls into the category of superior quality compared to the waters of the central segment, especially in the downstream segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decrease productivity of soils that occurs following an agricultural overproduction is manifested by insufficient of nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, by salinity increasing, humus deficiency, soil aggregation changing moisture content modified, etc, finally through undesirable phenomena of erosion. The uses of sewage sludge for fertilizing purposes of degraded soils remain a method of managing this recyclable waste. Sewage sludge anaerobically stabilized brings into soil an important input of nutrients (C, N, P), micronutrients and an significant settlement of compatible microorganisms with soil biocenosis. The potential hazards of sewage sludge due to pathogenic agents load is reduced by anaerobic stabilization. The potential of physicochemical contaminants is controlled by national legislation. Using a quantity of 40 t·ha-1 sewage sludge anaerobically stabilized for fertilization of cultivated soils with maize led to an increase of grain production of 12% over the amount harvested from a control field and with 5 % of the amount collected from a fertilized field with 40 t·ha-1 manure. In the aerial parts of the harvested plants from fertilized fields with the sewage sludge haven't accumulated toxic metals (Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb) in the detectable range, and the amount of Zn was according to the nutritional requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two successive agricultural years was investigated the effect of fertilizer on forage production of compost from cattle manure aerobic fermentation. For this, were experienced two types of compost with cellulosic support coming from: the stalks chopped sunflower and triticale straw. The type of compost from the two studied recipes did not affect the production of green mass. The fertilizer effect was influenced by the dose of compost administered per unit area, production growth being of 14 t green mass·ha-1 at a dose of 50 t compost·ha-1 and 10 t green mass·ha-1 at a dose of 30 t compost·ha-1. Following the fertilization repeated in the second year, production growth was low, being higher by just 1.7-3% on plots fertilized with 30 t compost·ha-1, respectively, 1.1-1.3% on plots fertilized with 50 t compost·ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting the plant species to grow on aged petroleum hydrocarbons polluted soils is an important factor for a successful phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a green technology that can become a promising solution for decontaminating polluted soils and ecological restoration of the landscape. Our comparative studies evaluate the effect of oil hydrocarbon pollution with high initial concentration on the growth leguminous plant species: Vicia sativa and Glycine max. The experimental block contains control variants, polluted soil unfertilized/fertilized with municipal sludge anaerobically stabilized in absence/presence of modified volcanic tuff amendment. After period of time the experiment's soil in which plant species had grown well was sampled and analyzed for petroleum hydrocarbons removal. Both species showed promising efficiency in the phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon highly polluted soils but a reduced growth of the surveyed plants was noticed. The efficiency of the petroleum hydrocarbons diminution is increased in the case of the addition of fertilizer 16.6% for Vicia sativa and 30% for Glycine max vs. the initial quantity. In the case of the phytoremediation of polluted soils treated with fertilizer and volcanic tuff, the efficiency of the petroleum hydrocarbons reduction was 72.9% for Vicia sativa and 53.7% for Glycine max. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we presents the evaluation results of fattening pigs welfare of individual households using assessment procedures set out in the Welfare Quality Program standards. For this purpose several individual households were assessed from rural areas of Timis County. In this agricultural area, the fattening of pigs in extensive system is characterized by ensuring a thick layer of straw on compact floor and larger space for animal movement in the box. Our results show a fluctuation of the welfare directly related to the season, kind of feeding and herd size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been researched the effect of fertilizer on tomato production of two versions of compost obtained from aerobe fermenting of cattle manure on cellulosic support derived from minced sunflower strains and triticale straws. The tomato production is not influenced by the type of compost, but organic type fertilization ensures an up to 24-34 % greater production, proportional with the level of fertilization of 30 t/ha or 50 t/ha. The lycopene content from ripe tomatoes was significantly greater for both organic fertilization versions (p ≤0.01 at a level of 30 t of compost / ha and p≤0.001 at a level of 50 t of compost/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leguminous plants was studied at experimental variants on fly ash dump: sown species of Onobrichys viciifolia and invasive colonies of Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), and yellow sweet (Melilotus officinalis). Six experimental variants were studied in three replicates each: untreated fly ash, fly ash amended with unmodified/modified volcanic rock and fly ash treated with unmodified/modified volcanic rock (indigenous volcanic tuff) mixed with organic fertilizer, anaerobically stabilized municipal sludge type. The characteristics of topsoil was assessed in toxic metals Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni content and the characteristics of plants was assessed in terms: height, shoot and roots dry weight, root and shoot ratio, root length density, the aspect plant and competitive ability of this species to dominate in sown habitat. Invasive plants (Lotus corniculatus) and Melilotus officinalis have colonized up to 38 - 43 % and max 5 % respectively, treated experimental variants fly ash with organic fertilizer mixed with unmodified/modified volcanic tuff. The proposed strategy with sown leguminous species led to improved conditions for installation of more and resistant invasive species. Furthermore ecological restoration is increasing with effective fly ash dump stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to European Welfare Quality Program, the assessment of the degree of welfare is made after twelve criteria, derived from four principles of housing and exploitation of farm animals: housing conditions, quality of food and feeding systems, animal state of health and appropriate behavior. The paper contains an analysis of the welfare of fattening pig grew for meat in an intensive system. For this purpose, at three different time intervals during the fattening were performed observations finalized by measuring parameters corresponding to the twelve criteria from Welfare Quality Program. Analysis and interpretation of these data allowed us to establish the welfare of fattening pigs grown in an intensive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh manure of cattle was subjected to aerobic composting process in two ways: mixed with chopped stalks of sunflower and triticale straw. The composting process has been monitored by sampling periodic chemical and biochemical samples to determine pH value and the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It was also registered the temperature and humidity evolution of gathering together of materials that are subject of biodegradation, and finally we calculated the yield of composting. It was found that the oxygen is indispensable to the composting process because during the period of warm fermentation, the aerobic bacteria need a regeneration of oxygen to continue the oxidation of carbon. A decrease in the oxygen concentration below 6 % slows down the microbial activity. The best compost was obtained in the case of ratio C:N about 20 - 40 : 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miscanthus giganteus is a large, perennial (up to 20 years) grass hybrid of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus native to Japan. Is a C4 carbon fixation plant, and thus exhibits greater photosynthetic efficiency and lower water use requirements than other kinds of plants. It has very low nutritional requirements - it has high nitrogen use efficiency and therefore is capable of growing well on barren land without the aid of heavy fertilization. M. giganteus is a sterile hybrid, therefore propagates vegetative through its rhizomes and that it is a completely non-invasive species. In this paper are presented the results of this grass species growing on fly ash deposit Utvin after the first year from the planting. Order to stimulate the process of vegetative from the first year, have used three different fertilizing: with sewage sludge, with cattle manure and mineral supplement such as N.P.K. We have also provided an adequate irrigation during dry periods of the summer. The best germination percentage was obtained in variants fertilized with sewage sludge and manure of cattle. Further the same variations recorded a good growth rate and higher biomass production. However, good production of biomass produced in the first year of all variants show a good adaptability of the species M. giganteus to arid biotope conditions of the fly ash dump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power plant ash is an inorganic residue with a variable chemical buildup according to the type of charcoal used and quality. Depositing, stabilizing and eventually reintegrating the ash in the natural circuit raises a series of problems due to its disastrous effect on biodiversity. Even with these problems, at a moderate micro and macro mineral content, power plant ash could present interesting agro technical and ecological alternatives. For this reason, the controlled integration of ash could put a stop to pollution with ash by reintegrating the material in the agricultural ecosystems. For this purpose, in the field of research of Ecological and Forage Crops from Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies Timisoara, research was conducted over the influence of the reintegration of 40 t of ash per ha, produced by C.E.T. Timisoara, on the biomass production of oatmeal (Avena sativa L), fertilized by levels of 25 and 50 t per ha of manure. After harvesting, the analysis of the total biomass quantity, both above and underground, revealed similar results in all trials. In conditions that include heavy metal concentrations beneath normal geological values, conclude that the application of 40t per ha may be an agro technical solution for the integration of power plant ash in the agricultural ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fly ash, a waste product from burning coal in power plants, occupies important spaces and is a major harm for environment: water, air, soil and associated ecosystems. New deposits do not have available nutrients for plant growth. The study presents a process of stimulating growth of oats in deposits of fly ash, which eliminates listed. Phytostabilization of new deposit is fast after fertilization with sewage sludge-based compost in the presence/ absence of native or modified volcanic tuff with grain species, Avena sativa L., and variety Lovrin 1. Experimental studies have shown the species adaptability to climatic conditions and a growth rate until the maturity correlated with type of treatment of upper layers of fly ash deposit. Fly ash with sewage sludge compost treatment 50 t/ha determined the growth with 75% of the amount of grains vs. the amount of grains harvested from untreated fly ash. Fly ash with sewage sludge compost mixed with modified indigenous volcanic tuff 2.5 t/ha treatment determined the growth with 80% vs. the amount of grains harvested from untreated fly ash. If oat straw harvested from fertilized variant without modified indigenous volcanic tuff increases in weight are 30% and for fertilized variant in the presence of tuff increases in weight are 39.8% vs. quantities harvested from untreated fly ash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most Romanian power plants were built in a period when environmental impact of their operation was undervalued, and constraints related to environmental protection were relatively few. Location of power plants and fly ash dumps was chosen most often by arbitrary criteria, and never after the impact that it may have on the environment. Building fly ash dumps have an effect of destruction of soils not only on the surface equivalent to those of dumps but also of the contiguous lands. Old fly ash dumps are a major risk because of the dispersion of pollutants in water and soil by percolation and soil leaching, and because of the unwanted invasion of weeds that are adaptable to arid conditions of the dumps and then invade surrounding areas jeopardizing the surrounding crops. In attempting to install vegetation an old fly ash dumps, the area were invaded by two species of weeds that quickly overgrown the experimental parcel and the surroundings. The present study followed the invasion degree of fly ash dumps with weeds and aspects regarding their development and breeding in the new formed ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During two years, was studied the phytoextraction potential of some perennial species (Medicago sativa and Trifolium pretense, Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne), for Zn, Cd, and Pb from soils polluted with waste mining. The experiment was done on kernozem soil with adding of 20 kg waste mining/m2 and 8 kg biosolid/m2. The results showed that in all experiments, rye-grass is a good extractor for Zn and Cd, and leguminous species for Pb. Both leguminous species, especially M. sativa, presented a high tolerance for lead toxicity, even with 3-4 times greater values than maximum allowable level from actual legislation. In all cases, regardless of the experimental variant, raygrass (Lolium perenne) is a good accumulator of Zn and Cd, and red clover (Trifolium pratense) of Pb. The values of metal bioaccumulation increase gradually with their concentration in soil. Quality of very good extractor of Pb displayed by Trifolium pratense species are kept even in case of excessive pollution with Pb, when it exceed 3.4 times the maximum permissible norms. This proves, as Medicago sativa species, a good tolerance and resistance to toxicity of this metal. In case of addition of natural zeolite-volcanic tuff there was no increase in the rate of Zn bioaccumulation. Only in case of Cd at Lolium perenne and Pb at Trifolium pratense appear the favourable effect of metallic ions bioavailability in soil for plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sewage sludge from urban wastewater treatment stations can often be find high levels of Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cd. Aerobic or anaerobic composting of this sewage sludge does not eliminate the possibility of bioaccumulation of these metals in plants through metabolic processes of phytoextraction type. Researches regarding the accumulation degree of heavy metals through phytoextraction processes were performed on soybean plants (Glycine max), Condor variety. Plants were fertilized with anaerobic composted sludge in amounts of 25 t of / ha, 50 t / ha and 100 t / ha. The chemical analysis was done on an average sample of three repetitions. Metal concentration in soybeans was analyzed by reporting to the maximum allowance level for sheep, considered one of the most sensitive farm species to heavy metal toxicity. Our results showed a higher level than normal with 5.8 mg / kg only in the case of copper ions. Zn, Pb, Mn and Cd concentration in soybeans was below the maximum allowance limits set by the rules of feeding farm animals. Also, heavy metal content of soybeans was not affected by the amount of composted sludge used as fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compost tested in this study resulted from the anaerobic fermentation process of sewage sludge with cereal straw. Processing and post-treatment were made by Biotechnological Research Centre within INCD ECOIND from Bucharest. Experimental program included testing the effect of fertilizer in quantities of 25 t, 50 t and 100 t compost / ha on the production of soya beans. It was also investigated the influence of the combination of fertilization with compost and inorganic fertilization with levels of 200 kg, respectively, 400 kg NPK / ha. Was analyzed the following productivity indicators: plant density, number of floors of pods, number and weight of pods and total beans production, in full ripening stage. In the case of fertilization only with composted sludge, production of peas and beans was higher in variants with 50 t / ha and 100 t / ha (2095 kg and 1990 kg grain / ha). Therefore, doubling the amount of compost does not provide corresponding increase yields of soybeans. Combining organic and inorganic fertilization determine a proportional production increase only for the total biomass production. The tested compost is a good organic fertilizer and the amount that provides the greatest soybeans production is 50 t / ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research was done on the remanent fertilizing effect that the compost resulted from treatment plant slurry and cellulosic waste has on corn growth and development. The fertilization was performed on chernozem soil from Banat plain region, by using three quantitative variations: 25 t, 50 t and 100 t of compost per ha. Research was done in the second year of compost fertilization. The greatest corn production was obtained on the variant fertilized with 50 t per ha, which provided a production gain of 19.9 % higher than the unfertilized variant. For the same variant, the corn production yield was also 5.34 % higher than the control sample. Although the corn production and the yield obtained in the variant of 100 t per ha fertilization were higher in comparison to the unfertilized variant (control sample) and to the level of 25 t per ha, these values were inferior to the level of 50 t per ha fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the platform of applied research of Ecology and the Environment protection discipline from the Animal Science and Biotechnologies Faculty Timisoara was investigated during 3 years the remanent effect of compost made from sewage sludge used as organic fertilizer on forage plants. The experiment was done in vegetation pots, the experimental block being organized on 15 variants in 3 repetitions. Was used a forage plants mixture in equal parts of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens, being studied the germination, growth and development of plants. In this paper are presented the results from the second year of study, the green mass productions at three harvestings. The obtained results show a good production of green mass in the second year, the productions being directly proportional to the amount of compost administered in the first year as fertilizer. Compared to the first year, was obtained a higher amount of green mass production in the case of fertilization with quantities higher than 100 t compost / ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The larvae of blowflies from the Calliphoridae family cause fly strikes in sheep and other species of economic importance. Impaired wool, decrease of ewe fertility, and even death can occur in heavy infestations. This paper describes the Calliphora spp. blowflies' behavior on and around a trap baited with liver and ammonia before they entered in. More than half of Calliphora spp. blowflies (50.88%) stayed a medium time (eight to fourteen seconds) on the standard trap, while only 1.79% of them spent a longer time (26 to 30 seconds) before entering the trap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]