Search

Four modalities of specific treatment for laryngeal cancer were compared in 158 patients. Five-year survival after chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin, 5-FU and bleomycin plus irradiation (65-70 Gy) was 87% versus 69.7; 66.2 and 45.9% after surgical, combined and radiotherapy, respectively. Chemoradiotherapy failed in 22.4%, as compared with 28.9; 31.5 and 41.7% after the alternative modalities, respectively. Organ preservation was used in 30.3% of surgical cases and 58%--in combined treatment group.

We analyzed case histories of 495 patients with oral cancer treated in the Head and Neck Tumor Clinic of the Russian Cancer Research Center RAMS from 1985 to 1998. 88 patients were included in the study out of which 50 reserved combined (radiotherapy + surgery) and 38--complex (chemotherapy + radiotherapy + surgery) treatment. On assessing the clinical results we got the following results: after combined treatment 5-year survival was 45.9 +/- 7.0%, while after the complex method--37.2 +/- 7.8%. The inclusion of chemotherapy to the treatment does not significantly influence long-term results.

Individually-tailored approach is recommended in designing the mode of treatment and extent of surgery for thyroid tumors. In cases of papillary and follicular tumors, the main therapy should be surgery to make sure that pre- and paratracheal fat is removed. Radical surgery on the neck is not indicated unless there are metastases. Combined treatment may be used in cases of medulla and poorly-differentiated cell cancer. Application of 131I may be recommended in cases of apparent metastasis or when there is no convincing evidence that surgery was radical enough since the 10-year data on treatment of differentiated cell cancer make up 90%.

A new method for diagnosing human malignant tumors is dealt with, which is based on fluorescence of malignant neoplasms and their adjacent normal tissue. To measure the fluorescence spectra, a fiber optic system and a multi-channel optic spectral analyser have been designed. While analysing the resultant spectra, a greater fluorescence excess was observed in the red wave band in the tumors than in normal tissue. Further investigations are required in order to use the method in question in clinical diagnosis.

The authors analyze the results of surgical treatment of patients with local disseminated squamous-cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa. The data on the survival rate of patients treated with different surgical methods are presented and variants of combined operations described.

The paper is devoted to the discussion of problems of the effectiveness of thermoradio- and radiotherapy of patients with locally advanced malignant tumors of the salivary glands. The 1st group of 14 patients received gamma-beam therapy, and the 2nd group of 32 patients was given radiotherapy combined with local microwave hyperthermia. After delivering a dose of 40 Gy a decrease of a tumor size by greater than 50% was noted in 50% of the patients of the 1st group and in 76% of the patients of the 2nd group. Thermoradiotherapy prove to be most effective in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, tumor regression over 75% was noted in half of them. Complications in thermoradiotherapy were unnoticed.

Analysis of 113 typical (within the same anatomical area) surgeries has helped define the indications for such interventions in stage-III squamous cell carcinoma, of the moving part of the tongue and cheek first of all. Clinical indications are dissemination of the tumor within one anatomical area, exophytic or ulcerous form of its growth, a higher than 50 percent realization of the effect of previous conservative therapy, no regional metastases; morphologic indications include the presence of a clear-cut borderline, manifest lymphoplasmacytic reaction of the adjacent tissues.

The report deals with reconstruction for defects in posterior areas of the mouth and stomatopharynx caused by extensive surgery. A myocutaneous sternomastoid flap was formed with due account of nutrient arterial trunks branching off from occipital and superior thyroid arteries thus promoting wound healing and preventing necrosis. The procedure was performed in 16 cases; in 12 of them, it was performed simultaneously with the removal of primary tumor and radical surgery on the neck.