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Abstract Wheat aging plays an important role in assessing storage wheat quality and its subsequent processing purposes. The conventional detection methods for wheat aging are mainly involved in chemical techniques, which are time-consuming as well as waste part of wheat samples for each detection. Although some physical detection methods have obtained gratifying results, it is extremely hard to expand their application fields but to stay in the theory stage. For this reason, a novel nondestructive detection model for wheat aging based on the delayed luminescence (DL) has been proposed in this paper. Specifically, after collecting enough sample data, we first took advantage of certain hyperbolic function to fit DL signal, and then used four parameters of the hyperbolic function to feature the decay trend of the DL signal. Secondly, in order to better feature the DL signal, we extracted other six features together with above four features to form the input feature vector. Finally, as the bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network lacked error-correcting performance, the Bi-LSTM network based on Walsh coding (Walsh-Bi-LSTM) mechanism was proposed to establish the detection model, which made the detection model have the error-correcting performance by reasonably splitting the multi-classification target task. Shown by experimental results, the newly proposed wheat aging detection model is able to achieve 94.00% accuracy in the testing dataset, which can be used as a green and nondestructive method to timely reflect wheat aging states.

Processed grain stored in storeyed warehouse is generally stacked on the ground without pallets. However, in order to improve the storing way, we developed a new stacking method, palletized ground stacking. Simulation should be used to present this new storing way. DEVS provides a formalized way to describe the system model. In this paper, DEVS models of palletized ground stacking in storeyed grain warehouse are given and a simulation model is developed by AutoMod.

The present study investigates the global buckling behavior of sandwich beams with graded lattice cores. The continuous equivalent theory is utilized to construct a discrete graded lattice core sandwich beam for a continuously varying gradient beam, whose material properties vary with position. A theoretical model of sandwich beams with graded lattice cores is established using the energy method. Finite element models are developed in ABAQUS to validate the theoretical results. Furthermore, four sets of specimens were manufactured and tested to validate the theoretical analysis methods used. The effects of the graded parameters and geometric parameters on the critical buckling load of sandwich beams with graded lattice cores are discussed. The graded lattice sandwich beams exhibit global buckling when the graded parameter is small, with the influence on buckling performance being minor. However, as the graded parameter increases, the graded lattice sandwich beams experience local buckling, and their buckling resistance weakens. Therefore, graded parameters that are too large and cause local buckling should be avoided in gradient design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fumigation bioassays, the oviposition inhibition and repellent bioassays of patchouli and wormwood oils to T. cinnabarinus were determined in the laboratory with the methods of fumigation and repellency. Ethovision XT6 was used to analyze the effects of two essential oils at sublethal dosages on the behaviors of T. cinnabarinus. Based on the results, compared with wormwood oil, the fumigation bioassay of patchouli oil was stronger against T. cinnabarinus. In a simultaneous fumigation experiment, the effects of patchouli oil on the inhibition of oviposition of T. cinnabarinus were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those of wormwood oil at the tested dosages. When T. cinnabarinus was exposed to the two essential oils at LD10, LD20, and LD30, the spontaneous movement tracks of T. cinnabarinus changed significantly, with the highest mobility frequencies at LD10. Moreover, the effects of exposure to patchouli oil on the spontaneous movement abilities of T. cinnabarinus were greater than those on movements following exposure to wormwood oil. Thus, patchouli oil is a promising candidate as a green vegetable, botanical acaricide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to eliminate the decrease of transmission power and efficiency when the working frequency drifts in LC series resonance and parallel resonance, a wireless power transmission circuit with LCC ( inductor-capacitor-capacitor) composite resonant network in primary side was proposed.Based on mutual inductance coupling model of the two coils, the equivalent circuit models of primary-side and secondary- side were derived under the condition of the fundamental wave, respectively. With these equivalent circuits, the closed-form expressions for resonant frequency and output current were obtained. Furthermore, the expressions of inductor and capacitors in composite resonant network were deduced.It is demonstrated that the resonant frequency is irrespective of the load changing. Under the condition of resonant frequency, the RMS value of output current is constant when the distance between the two coupling coils remains unchanging, that is the mutual inductance keeps constant.The circuit has the characteristics of current source.At last the experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the circuit design and analysis are valid.Therefore, the circuit is suitable for the load supplied by current source. Besides, it can be adapted to electric field coupling wireless power transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Education, cognition, and intelligence are associated with cholelithiasis occurrence, yet which one has a prominent effect on cholelithiasis and which cardiometabolic risk factors mediate the causal relationship remain unelucidated., Aim: To explore the causal associations between education, cognition, and intelligence and cholelithiasis, and the cardiometabolic risk factors that mediate the associations., Methods: Applying genome-wide association study summary statistics of primarily European individuals, we utilized two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate the independent effects of education, intelligence, and cognition on cholelithiasis and cholecystitis (FinnGen study, 37041 and 11632 patients, respectively; n = 486484 participants) and performed two-step Mendelian randomization to evaluate 21 potential mediators and their mediating effects on the relationships between each exposure and cholelithiasis., Results: Inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization results from the FinnGen consortium showed that genetically higher education, cognition, or intelligence were not independently associated with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis; when adjusted for cholelithiasis, higher education still presented an inverse effect on cholecystitis [odds ratio: 0.292 (95%CI: 0.171-0.501)], which could not be induced by cognition or intelligence. Five out of 21 cardiometabolic risk factors were perceived as mediators of the association between education and cholelithiasis, including body mass index (20.84%), body fat percentage (40.3%), waist circumference (44.4%), waist-to-hip ratio (32.9%), and time spent watching television (41.6%), while time spent watching television was also a mediator from cognition (20.4%) and intelligence to cholelithiasis (28.4%). All results were robust to sensitivity analyses., Conclusion: Education, cognition, and intelligence all play crucial roles in the development of cholelithiasis, and several cardiometabolic mediators have been identified for prevention of cholelithiasis due to defects in each exposure., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the expressions of human histocompatibility antigen-G (HLA-G) mRNA in placenta of idiopathic fetal growth restriction (IFGR) and its relationship with pathogenesis of IFGR., Methods: In situ hybridization was used to investigate the expression level and distribution of HLA-G mRNA in placentas of 20 cases of idiopathic IFGR and 28 cases of control group. HE stain was applied to observe the pathological changes of the placenta., Results: (1) The incidence of placental pathological lesions in idiopathic IFGR (75%) was notably higher than those of the control group (18%), (chi2 = 15.67, P = 0.001). (2) In situ hybridization showed the positive expression rate of HLA-G mRNA in placenta of idiopathic IFGR was 45%, that of control group was 79%, with significant difference between the two groups (chi2 = 5.75, P = 0.017). HLA-G mRNA signal mainly expressed in cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. (3) There was negative correlation between the expression rate of HLA-G mRNA and incidence of placental pathological lesions (r = -0.638, P = 0.008)., Conclusions: There is a significant decrease in the expression of HLA-G mRNA in IFGR. HLA-G may play a role in the pathogenesis of IFGR.