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Alloyed green-emitting CdZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) demonstrate potential applications in solid-state lighting and displays owing to their various advantages, such as high color purity, light conversion efficiency, and color rendering index. However, their applications in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are limited by their poor photostabilities on blue-emitting gallium nitride (GaN) LED chips. In this study, the effect of the specific surface area (SSA) in the coating layers on the photostabilities of QDs was investigated. SSA was adjusted by controlling the proportions of dense aluminum oxide (AlOX) layers and porous silica dioxide (SiO2) layers to fabricate QD protective layers via a catalyst-free sol-gel method. The results showed that the synthesized AlOX possessing the lowest SSA among the synthesis protective layers presented the best QD photostabilities on the LED chips. Moreover, they exhibited a 9.9-fold increase in the operational lifetime (T80) compared to that of pristine QDs. In addition, the QD-based WLED achieved an excellent display performance with a wide color gamut (115%) of the National Television System Committee (NTSC) color gamut standard. This approach offers a promising strategy for enhancing the QD photostabilities for applications in solid-state lighting and displays by coating the protective layers on the QD surface.

Quantum dots (QDs) have received considerable attention in information displays owing to their high quantum yield, high colour purity and low-cost fabrication. However, light emission for ultra-thin QD films with low mass percentage of QDs still need to be improved because the blue light can directly transmit the films, leading to insufficient energy to excite the QDs. In this study, we report QD films based on a poly(zinc methacrylate) coating with alloyed green-emitting CdZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs@PZnMA) together with high refractive-index BaTiO3 nanoparticles to enhance the scattering coefficient of the QD films. Results demonstrate a 7.5-fold increase in the absorption coefficient, 11.3-fold increase in the scattering coefficient, 8.5-fold increase in the optical density (OD) and 8.6-fold increase in the green-light emission of QD films, compared with films that have the same mass percentage of pristine QDs. This approach provides a promising strategy for developing QD optical films with high scattering and enhanced light emission for flexible displays.

The multi-channel three-wave polarimeter-interferometer system on J-TEXT tokamak has been exploited to measure far-forward collective scattering from electron density fluctuations. The diagnostic utilizes far infrared lasers operated at 432 μm with 17-channel vertical chords (3 cm chord spacing), covering the entire cross section of plasma. Scattering laser power is measured using a high-sensitivity Schottky planar diode mixer which can also detect polarimetric and interferometric phase simultaneously. The system provides a line-integrated measurement of density fluctuations with maximum measurable wave number: k⊥max ≤ 2 cm-1 and time response up to 350 kHz. Feasibility of the diagnostic has been tested, showing higher sensitivity to detect fluctuation than interferometric measurement. Capability of providing spatial-resolved information of fluctuation has also been demonstrated in preliminary experimental applications.

Motivated by increasing demands on high-quality measurement of interior magnetic field in tokamak plasma, a far-infrared laser-based polarimeter-interferometer system has been developed on J-TEXT. Three formic acid lasers separately pumped by three CO2 lasers are used as sources, providing more than 90 mW output power in total. High laser power along with usage of newly developed planar Schottky diode mixer enable high phase resolution 0.8a) and the High-Field-Side (HFS) edge (r < −0.8a) would appear and extend gradually toward the center region. At the same time, a low-frequency (< 1 kHz) density perturbation suddenly occurs at the HFS edge and also gradually propagates into the center region. The disruption takes place when the electron density asymmetry/perturbation reaches the location nearly the m/n = 2/1 (where m and n are the toroidal mode number and the poloidal one, respectively) resonant surface. Evolution of the reconstructed electron density and current density profiles present the details on the asymmetrical behaviors and provide a possible explanation for the high density disruption.

Recently, the HCN interferometer on J-TEXT has been optimized in many aspects. Firstly, the output power of laser source is more stable after using a new designed movable mirror frame and upgrading the oil thermostatic system. Secondly, the electromagnetic interferences have been eliminated by designing a shielding system. Additionally, the signal-to-noise ratio of intermediate frequency (IF) signal has been increased more than five times by improving the detector circuit. The density resolution has been increased from 1×1018 m−3 to 2×1017 m−3 and the sawtooth oscillation has also been measured by the HCN interferometer on J- TEXT after optimizations.

A three-wave laser polarimeter-interferometer, equipped with three independent far-infrared laser sources, has been developed on Joint-TEXT (J-TEXT) tokamak. The diagnostic system is capable of high-resolution temporal and phase measurement of the Faraday angle and line-integrated density. However, for long-term operation (>10 min), the free-running lasers can lead to large drifts of the intermediate frequencies (∼100–∼500 kHz/10 min) and decay of laser power (∼10%–∼20%/10 min), which act to degrade diagnostic performance. In addition, these effects lead to increased maintenance cost and limit measurement applicability to long pulse/steady state experiments. To solve this problem, a real-time feedback control method of the laser source is proposed. By accurately controlling the length of each laser cavity, both the intermediate frequencies and laser power can be simultaneously controlled: the intermediate frequencies are controlled according to the pre-set values, while the laser powers are maintained at an optimal level. Based on this approach, a real-time feedback control system has been developed and applied on J-TEXT polarimeter-interferometer. Long-term (theoretically no time limit) feedback of intermediate frequencies (maximum change less than ±12 kHz) and laser powers (maximum relative power change less than ±7%) has been successfully achieved.

Evaluation and reconstruction of plasma equilibrium, especially to resolve the safety factor profile, is imperative for advanced tokamak operation and physics study. Based on core magnetic measurement by the high resolution laser polarimeter-interferometer system (POLARIS), the equilibrium of Joint-TEXT (J-TEXT) plasma is reconstructed and profiles of safety factor, current density, and electron density are, therefore, obtained with high accuracy and temporal resolution. The equilibrium reconstruction procedure determines the equilibrium flux surfaces essentially from the data of POLARIS. Refraction of laser probe beam, a major error source of the reconstruction, has been considered and corrected, which leads to improvement of accuracy more than 10%. The error of reconstruction has been systematically assessed with consideration of realistic diagnostic performance and scrape-off layer region of plasma, and its accuracy has been verified. Fast equilibrium transitions both within a single sawtooth cycle and during the penetration of resonant magnetic perturbation have been investigated.

A far-infrared laser polarimeter-interferometer system based on Three-wave technique has been established on the J-TEXT tokamak. The system determines Faraday angle by measuring phase difference between two collinear, counter-rotating, circularly polarized laser beams, and acquires line-integrated electron density simultaneously by phase comparison between the two beams and a third local oscilate (LO) beam. Three seperately pumped HCOOH lasers at 432 ?m are adopted as sources, suppling more than 100 mW power output in sum. Parabolic mirrors are used to expand probe beams to 450 mm wide, covering ~ 80% of plasma cross section, which allows profile measurement with high spatial resolution. First experimental results of the polarimeter-interferometer have been obtained. 12 chords (3 cm chord spacing) simultaneous polarimetric and interferometric measurements are achieved, with phase resolution up to 0.1? at bandwidth of 50 kHz. With the high temporal and phase resolution, perturbations associated with the sawtooth cycle and MHD activity have been observed.

A laser-based three-wave polarimeter-interferometer system (POLARIS) is operational on J-TEXT tokamak (R=1.05 m, a=0.27 m) to measure plasma electron density and Faraday rotation angle simultaneously. Vibration and collinearity are two key factors which affect the accuracy of the measurement. Vibration at the amplitude of even 1 μm is able to induce almost 1° error (λ=432 μm) to the measurement through phase detection. And misalignment of collinearity can also cause systematic error to the measurement of Faraday angle due to density gradient and path length difference. Thus the systematic error from these two sources should be eliminated to obtain accurate equilibrium and fluctuation information of the plasma. Some work has been done on optimizing vibration and collinearity to achieve this goal. After optimization, POLARIS now has achieved 12 chord measurements (spacing of 3 cm) with high temporal and phase resolution. Details of the optimization and results are described in this study.