Search

Abstract In this paper, we explore the quantum properties of three-flavor neutrino propagating in a Schwarzschild metric. It is found that the different strength of gravitational effects are obtained by adjusting the magnitude of $$\mathrm GM$$ G M arising in the oscillation phase. Using the weak field approximations, we show that the gravitational effects can make the entanglement oscillates over a large rage when $$\textrm{GM}=5.1\times 10^8 \, \textrm{Km}$$ GM = 5.1 × 10 8 Km and $$\textrm{GM}=7\times 10^7 \, \textrm{Km}$$ GM = 7 × 10 7 Km , respectively, Moreover, for $$\textrm{GM}=4.8\times 10^8 \, \textrm{Km}$$ GM = 4.8 × 10 8 Km and $$\textrm{GM}=9.3\times 10^7 \, \textrm{Km}$$ GM = 9.3 × 10 7 Km , the suppression of the entanglement can be observed due to the gravitational effects. Meanwhile, in this case, the gravitational effects also make the distribution of entanglement tighter through investing the entanglement complete monogamy relation. Furthermore, we examine the gravitational effects on the violation of the Svetlichny inequality to study the nonlocality of the system. It is shown that when $$\textrm{GM}=6\times 10^8 \, \textrm{Km}$$ GM = 6 × 10 8 Km and $$\textrm{GM}=7\times 10^7 \, \textrm{Km}$$ GM = 7 × 10 7 Km , the gravitational effects make the Svetlichny parameters always greater than 4, implying that the genuine tripartite nonlocality of the system is always present. However, the gravitational effects also restrain the violation of the Svetlichny to make the regions of the absence of nonlocality increase. The gravitational effects on the monogamy property of nonlocality lies in the change of the effective bound of the maximum bipartite nonlocality of the neutrinos system. Therefore, our investigations may be helpful to understanding of quantumness of the neutrinos system in curved space-time.

Abstract Background Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is one of the severe complications in the clinic concerning mechanical ventilation (MV). Capsaicin (CAP) has anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effects on oxidative stress, which is a significant element causing cellular ferroptosis. Nevertheless, the specific role and potential mechanistic pathways through which CAP modulates ferroptosis in VILI remain elusive. Methods VILI was established in vivo, and the pulmonary epithelial cell injury model induced by circulation stretching (CS) was established in vitro. Both mice and cells were pretreated with CAP. Transmission electron microscopy, ELISA, Western blot, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, fluorescent probes, and other experimental methods were used to clarify the relationship between iron death and VILI in alveolar epithelial cells, and whether capsaicin alleviates VILI by inhibiting iron death and its specific mechanism. Results Ferroptosis was involved in VILI by utilizing in vivo models. CAP inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated VILI's lung damage and inflammation, and this protective effect of CAP was dependent on maintaining mitochondrial redox system through SITR3 signaling. In the CS-caused lung epithelial cell injury models, CAP reduced pathological CS-caused ferroptosis and cell injury. Knockdown SIRT3 reversed the role of CAP on the maintaining mitochondria dysfunction under pathological CS and eliminated its subsequent advantageous impacts for ferroptosis against overstretching cells. Conclusion The outcomes showed that CAP alleviated ferroptosis in VILI via improving the activity of SITR3 to suppressing mitochondrial oxidative damage and maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis, illustrating its possibility as a novel therapeutic goal for VILI. Graphical Abstract

Islands are sensitive zones of sea-land interaction and typical ecologically fragile areas that are highly vulnerable to natural disasters, especially marine aquaculture, which is sensitive and at high risk to typhoon disasters; additionally, they are home to aquaculture households with high economic vulnerability to typhoons and poor adaptive capacity. This study focused on Liuheng Town of Zhoushan and the Dongtou District of Wenzhou, which were severely affected by Super Typhoon Lekima, and Gouqi Town of Zhoushan, which was severely affected by Typhoon In-Fa and Super Typhoon Chanthu, as case areas. Based on data acquired from 344 questionnaire surveys of aquaculture households and interview data from various related bodies, this study used factor analysis of mixed data and hierarchical clustering on principal components to identify the types of vulnerability of island aquaculture households to typhoon disasters and reveal the characteristics of each vulnerability type, as well as to identify the discriminative indicators of household vulnerability types, for analyzing the impact of typhoon disasters and other stressors on the vulnerability of island aquaculture households to typhoons. The results showed that the aquaculture industry and aquaculture households in the island areas showed high economic vulnerability, with most shrimp, crab, and shellfish mixed farming, algae, and mussel farming households suffering serious losses from typhoons. Second, differences in exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity led to three different types and characteristics of vulnerability in aquaculture households. The degree of household exposure varied across aquaculture species, with mussels having the highest, algae the next highest, and shrimp, crab, and shellfish the lowest. Island aquaculture households showed outstanding sensitivity, as reflected in their high dependence on aquaculture, significant household human capital problems, relatively limited support from social networks, and frequent exposure to typhoon disasters. The adaptive capacity of households varied across aquaculture species, with mussel households having superior adaptive capacity, and shrimp, crab, and shellfish households and algal aquaculture households having relatively poor adaptive capacity. Third, the common influencing factors of aquaculture households' vulnerability to typhoon disasters are labor shortages, frequent typhoon disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. The differences among the significant discriminant indicators, such as the degree of exposure, aquaculture species, average annual household income, age and education level of the household head, social support, number and type of adaptation strategies adopted, and cost–benefit situation, are key to the formation of different vulnerability types. Finally, multiple stressors from the climate, ecosystem, economy and markets, society, institutions, and policies mutually interact to exert cumulative effects that increase the vulnerability of fishery ecosystems and the socioeconomic vulnerability of households in island regions. This study provides important empirical evidence for governments, aquaculture households, and other relevant stakeholders in island regions to reduce their vulnerability and increase their adaptive capacity.

ABSTRACT: Avian primordial germ cells (PGCs) are important culture cells for the production of transgenic chickens and preservation of the genetic resources of endangered species; however, culturing these cells in vitro proves challenging. Although the proliferation of chicken PGCs is dependent on insulin, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the expression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in PGCs, investigated its effects on PGC self-renewal and biological properties, and identified the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicated that although supplementation with the PI3K/AKT activator IGF-1 failed to promote proliferation under the assessed culture conditions, the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 resulted in retarded cell proliferation and reduced expression of germ cell-related markers. We further demonstrated that inhibition of PI3K/AKT regulates the cell cycle and promotes apoptosis in PGCs by activating the expression of BAX and inhibiting that of Bcl-2. These findings indicated that the PI3K/AKT pathway is required for cell renewal, apoptosis, and maintenance of the reproductive potential in chicken PGCs. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and improvement of a culture system for chicken PGCs and provide insights into the self-renewal of vertebrate PGCs as well as potential evolutionary changes in this unique cell population.

ObjectiveTo understand the contamination status， virulence gene carrying status and pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） molecular typing of Cronobacter sakazakii in food in Shanxi Province.MethodsThe strain was identified by Antu mass spectrometry detection system. Four virulence genes， ompX， cpa， hly and sip， were detected by fluorescent PCR， and PFGE molecular typing was performed.ResultsThe results showed that in 1 050 samples from 2013 to 2022， 80 strains of Cronobacter sakazakii were isolated， and the total detection rate was 7.62%. The detection rates of four virulence genes were ompX 86.25%， cpa 85.00%， hly 98.75% and sip 86.25%， respectively. PFGE genotype was divided into 67 gene profiles with similarity ranging from 43.7% to 100%， showing great genetic diversity among strains.The strains of different origin and different manufacturers were scattered， and only a few strains showed genetic correlation.ConclusionThe results of this study can provide data support for the risk status and typing of Cronobacter sakazakii in food from Shanxi Province， It is necessary to strengthen assessment and multi-link prevention and control.

The flexible bearing steel with long fatigue life using for robot harmonic speed reducer has been successfully de⁃ veloped by applying EAF process technology. The ratio of scrap to hot metal was controlled more than 80%. This paper compared the metallurgical quality of flexible bearings and traditional rolling bearings in terms of non-metallic inclusions， austenite grain size and carbide banding structure， the fatigue strength of steel used for flexible bearing and traditional roll⁃ ing bearing under 107 cycles was tested by the method of rotary bending fatigue test. The O content of steel used for flexible bearings of robot harmonic reducer was less than 0. 000 4%， the Ti content was much less than 0. 001%， non-metal inclu⁃ sions of class A sulfide≤1. 0 grade， non-metal inclusions of class B and D oxide ≤0. 5 grade. The size of the maximum spherical inclusion was less than 30 μm. The test results show that the flexible bearings have ultra-high purity. By increas⁃ ing Al and N chemical composition in the smelting process， the austenite grain size was 10 grade in the flexible bearing steel， much higher than 8. 5 grade in the traditional rolling bearing steel. The proportion of carbide banding structure of 7. 1 and 7. 2 grade was higher than that of traditional bearing steel in the means of extending the high temperature diffusion time. The ultra-high austenite grain size and the decrease of the width of carbide banding structure showed that the flexible bearing steel had an ultra-high structure uniformity. In addition， the rotary bending fatigue strength of the flexible bearing steels was 1 016 MPa， its fatigue life was slightly higher than that of the traditional rolling bearing steels.

Abstract Background This study analyzes the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS), cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs), and mortality in individuals with CMRFs. Methods Data were chosen from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were implemented to explore the relationship between OBS and the risk of CMRFs. Then, Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate the impact of OBS on mortality in individuals with CMRFs. Results Following multivariate adjustment, the subjects in the highest quartile exhibited a 46% reduction in the risk of CMRFs, a 33% reduction in the risk of diabetes, a 31% reduction in the risk of hypertension, and a 36% reduction in the risk of hyperlipidemia, compared with those in the lowest quartile. Furthermore, each 1-unit increase in OBS was remarkably negatively correlated with the prevalence of CMRFs, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The correlation between OBS and CMFRs was found to be mediated by serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and white blood cells (WBC), and the mediation effect of GGT levels and WBC, accounting for 6.90% and 11.51%, respectively. Lastly, the multivariate Cox regression model revealed that elevated OBS, irrespective of whether it was treated as a categorical or continuous variable, exhibited a significant association with decreased mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Conclusions An increased OBS might reflect a lower risk of CMRFs and a favorable prognosis for individuals with CMRFs. Moreover, WBC and GGT may play a potential mediating role between OBS and CMRFs.

Abstract Recently, numerous measures have been proposed for quantifying the quantumness of a given system, and the existence of intrinsic connections among quantum resource measures has been proven. Here, we study the unified relationship between duality, first-order coherence, three-setting linear steering inequality, and maximum average fidelity between two masses due to gravity. Under gravitational inducement, an equivalent relationship was identified between the first-order coherence and duality. The coherence of a system can be controlled by adjusting arm lengths and the distance between the arms of an interferometer. In most cases, the first-order coherence of a system cannot be maximised. Furthermore, a trade-off relationship between gravitationally induced duality and steering violations was derived. We can adjust the arm length and distance between the arms of the interferometer such that the steering violation reaches its maximum at phase $$\pi $$ π . The results show that the value of the steering violation is always greater than 1; that is, the state of the system is steerable. In addition, we explored the intrinsic relationship between duality and the maximal average fidelity due to gravity. In most cases, the maximum average fidelity of the system is greater than 2/3, indicating that the state is useful for quantum teleportation. These results are important for investigating the intrinsic relationships among various quantum resources within the framework of gravity.

Academic circles have long ignored the problems of inadequate and unbalanced housing development in medium-sized cities. Based on data from the sixth and seventh national population censuses of Zhaoqing City, this study constructed the resident housing evaluation system focusing on four sub-systems: construction age, building structure, per capita floor area, and housing living facilities. Through global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses, the spatial-temporal differentiation pattern of residents' housing conditions in Zhaoqing City from 2010 to 2020 was described. An OLS regression model was used to identify the influencing factors of the comprehensive score of residents' housing conditions, revealing the driving mechanisms of the evolution of the spatial pattern of housing conditions. The results show that 1) From 2010 to 2020, the spatial difference characteristics of the housing conditions of residents in Zhaoqing City showed obvious changes, with the high score area shifting from southeast to northwest. 2) The housing conditions of residents showed significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. The spatial agglomeration degree of the overall housing condition score did not change much in the past 10 years, while the spatial agglomeration degree of the construction age, building structure, and housing living facilities scores decreased significantly. 3) In 2020, the housing conditions of urban residents and rural residents presented different spatial differentiation patterns. The per capita floor area subsystem of rural housing dominates the spatial differentiation pattern of housing conditions for all residents in the city. 4) Regarding driving mechanisms, early urban forms constitute the historical basis of the spatial pattern of housing conditions in Zhaoqing City. Government policies and planning are the key driving forces shaping the evolution of spatial patterns, and the filtering effect of the housing market further strengthens the established spatial pattern. Based on these findings, the study proposes the following policy implications for Zhaoqing City: 1) Accelerate the upgrading of the industrial structure and new type urbanization construction, and encourage the city's agricultural migrant population and migrant workers to find jobs and settle down in the central city, development zone, and county; 2) Increase the supply of affordable housing with better housing quality in Zhaoqing New District and High-tech Zone to attract and retain highly skilled talents and college graduates; 3) Control the supply scale of residential land in the New District and High-tech Zone, increase the supply scale of industrial land, and expedite the introduction of strategic industries; 4) Conduct micro-transformations of old residential areas in the old urban areas, upgrade infrastructure and indoor living facilities, and improve the quality of the living environment. This study discusses the evolution trend and driving mechanisms of the spatial differentiation of housing conditions in small- and medium-sized cities and offers policy implications to comprehensively improve the housing conditions of Zhaoqing residents based on local conditions. This has significant reference value for promoting the optimization of housing conditions in small- and medium-sized cities and improving the overall living conditions of citizens.

[Objective] The flume simulation research on wave prevention and sand stabilization counter measures for coral sandy coastlines were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the project to protect coastlines against wave erosion along the Dengloujiao shoreline, located in the Xuwen National Coral Reef Nature Reserve on the Leizhou Peninsula, and to provide technical support for similar coastal areas. [Methods] The coastal erosion protection effect of san-dbag barrier measures was determined for the Dengloujiao coastline using a flume experiment simulation method. [Results] ① The composite effect of the overall structure of the diamond-shaped sand-bag barrier had a significant impact on the stability of the sand barrier. Two groups of sand barriers with a diameter of 5 cm or above was able to achieve self-stability. Calculated according to the gravity similarity criterion, this was equivalent to 50 cm diameter of the prototype; ② The sand-bag barrier achieved sediment fixation by increasing the roughness of the bed surface, weakening the hydrodynamic strength, and thereby reducing the intensity of sediment transport. As the diameter of the sand barrier increased, its shielding effect became more significant; ③ For a wave period of 1.90 s and a water depth of 0.4 m, the height of sand ridges observed in the experiment were 3—4 cm. Therefore, in practical projects, sand barriers with a diameter of 50 cm or more can prevent and control the migration of sand waves and sand ridges; ④ The sand barrier arranged in a diamond shape was less affected by oblique waves and had better stability than the sand barrier arranged in a normal direction. Therefore, it is advisable to use a diamond-shaped sand barrier to reduce the effect of oblique waves. [Conclusion] The use of sand-bag barriers as protective materials for coastal erosion not only achieved the goal of sand control, but also produced favourable ecological and environmental protection effects. These results could provide important scientific guidance and have significant and practical promotion value.

Key Clinical Message Unlike most cases, the lesions were localized to the dorsum of the hand, lacked pruritus (itching), and did not exhibit “sperm‐like blood vessels,” which are typically pathognomonic to classical MF. Abstract The study presents a rare case involving a 44‐year‐old woman who developed a skin condition on the base of her left thumb. Initially misdiagnosed as pigmented purpura, the need for further investigation arose to determine the nature of the condition accurately. The medical evaluation encompassed a comprehensive analysis of the patient's skin ailment. A series of diagnostic examinations were conducted to ascertain the underlying cause. Although routine blood tests yielded unremarkable results, the distinct characteristics of the rash prompted a more thorough investigation. Subsequent assessment revealed that the skin condition was not pigmented purpura, as initially presumed, but rather a manifestation of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) known as mycosis fungoides (MF). MF is an infrequent lymphoma predominantly affecting individuals aged 45–65, exhibiting a male‐to‐female sex ratio of 2:1. The annual incidence of MF ranges from 0.3 to 0.96 cases per 100,000 individuals. The woman's skin exhibited discrete patches adorned with colored dots, progressively thickening and pigmentation. Notably, the absence of pruritus did not dispel suspicion. This case underscores the significance of accurately diagnosing uncommon dermatological disorders to facilitate appropriate medical intervention. The unique appearance of the rash and its distinctive features, despite normal blood results, enabled the identification of MF. The patient's treatment encompassed a combination of steroids and narrowband UV therapy. Vigilance, continued research, and heightened awareness are paramount for early intervention and improved patient outcomes. Such efforts contribute to an enhanced understanding of the complexities of this condition.

Objective: To study the effects of different drying processes on the quality of high moisture wheat. Methods: Investigates the changes of wheat quality under different drying processes in three dimensions: appearance quality, nutritional quality and processing quality. Three indicators, namely colour, wet gluten content and drying rate, were selected as response values and combined with response surface analysis to predict the optimal drying process for high moisture wheat. Results: Drying temperature was the main influencing factor. As the temperature increased, the colour of the wheat deepened, the crude protein content decreased, the wet gluten content decreased, the water absorption of the dough increased, the formation time increased, the stabilization time increased, the degree of weakness decreased, the flour quality index under increased, The wheat skin changed from a small raised rectangle to a small sunken pit, and the internal starch granules changed from a smooth round or oval shape to a rough irregular shape. The optimal processing conditions of the response surface were drying temperature 45 ℃, wind speed 0.94 m/s, tempering time 30.4 min. The colour L* 58.811, the wet gluten content of 27.292%, the drying rate of 8.146×10-2%/min and the comprehensive score of 0.613 were obtained with this parameter. Conclusion: The study proved that the optimization of the hot air drying process improved the post-drying quality of wheat to some extent on the basis of ensuring the drying efficiency.

Abstract Quantum resources construct new avenues to explore the cosmos. Considering bipartite-qubit detectors subjected to scalar fields in an expanding spacetime, quantum resources (including quantum coherence, quantum discord, Bell-nonlocality, and nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence) of the system are characterized. The influences of various cosmic parameters on these quantum resources are investigated. Besides, we use the filtering operation to propose a strategy that can be used to control these quantum resources. The results reveal that quantum coherence and quantum discord can not disappear at different expansion rapidity, expansion volumes, and particle masses of scalar field. Conversely, one can not capture Bell-nonlocality and nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence at higher expansion rapidity, larger expansion volume, and smaller particle mass. The dissipation of quantum resources can be resisted via the filtering operation. One can use the filtering operation to remarkably strengthen these quantum resources of the system.

The provision of a high-quality ecological environment is essential for the quality of life of residents. As an important component of the urban ecological environment, the relationship between urban green spaces and public health requires further investigation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the Chinese and international literature on how urban green spaces affect mental well-being. First, it introduces different approaches of measuring the use of and exposure to urban green spaces. The most commonly used indicators for measuring the use and exposure to urban green spaces include Surrounding Greenness, Access to Green Spaces, Green Viewing Rate and Green Space Quality and Usage Satisfaction. The main advantages of Surrounding Greenness are wide spatial coverage, long timespan, and low cost; however, the accuracy of measuring exposure is relatively low. Researchers have extensively used access to green spaces. Because the bird's-eye perspective cannot fully reflect resident perceptions of park green spaces, scholars have used the green view ratio, which has the advantages of wide coverage, low cost, easy access, and small data deviation. Greenspace quality and usage satisfaction are also important measurement indicators, and their main advantages are low operational difficulty and the ability to reflect residents' subjective evaluations more accurately. It then elucidates the "environmental stress reduction-restoration-instoration" mechanisms underlying the effect of urban green spaces on mental well-being. Specifically, urban green spaces can affect the mental health of residents by reducing the harm arising from heat and pollution, restoring capacity, and building capacity. Green spaces alleviate environmental pressure by purifying air, reducing noise, and alleviating the heat island effect, thereby promoting residents' mental well-being. People can alleviate their psychological stress and restore their ability to control attention by viewing green spaces, thereby protecting their mental health and providing a favorable and convenient venue for residents to conduct physical activities and socialize with their neighbors, which is beneficial to their mental wellbeing. Subsequently, it illustrates the moderating effect of opportunities to use urban green spaces, motivation to use urban green spaces, and ease of using urban green spaces on mental wellbeing from a "socio-ecological" perspective. Finally, it indicates that the current body of literature has several limitations and that future research agendas should be centered on research content, data, perspectives, and methods. Specifically, (1) for research content, the effect of green spaces on the mental well-being of different social and cultural groups is poorly understood. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the analysis of the sociocultural mechanism of the effect of urban green spaces to enrich the existing research framework. (2) Most previous studies used one method to measure the level of greenspace exposure or usage. It is advisable to use a variety of methods to measure the level of greenspace exposure or usage both subjectively and objectively. (3) From a research perspective, most previous studies have used a research paradigm based on local and static analysis, failing to solve the Uncertain Geographic Context Problem (UGCoP). Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a human-centered perspective and accurately measure the impact of green space exposure on residents' mental well-being in their residential neighborhoods, workplaces, and other activity spaces. (4) Researchers need to solve the problem of residential self-selection when investigating the effect of urban green spaces on mental well-being and explore nonlinear complex relationships using advanced methods such as machine learning.

Objective: This study aimed to improve the drying efficiency and product quality of preserved apricot. Methods: The preserved apricots were dried using the rotary microwave oven (RMD) and the microwave coupled with convection dryer (MCD). The effect of microwave power, microwave emission mode, cutting and material movement on drying characteristics, the scorching rate, color and sensory quality were investigated and compared with traditional hot air drying (HD). Results: Compared with 1 040 min (16 pieces) and 840 min (48 pieces) of HD, the drying time was significantly shortened by microwave drying, ranging from 40 to 400 min. The drying time could be shorten by large pulse ratio, high power or large material size, and the longest drying time was in MCD temperature controlled microwave. Both RMD and MCD static drying caused serious charring phenomenon in apricots, with the char rate ranging from 17% to 100%, which was higher than that in static drying. However, the char phenomenon was avoided in MCD static drying, and the color value and sensory evaluation of apricots in MCD static drying were closest to HD. The rehydration ratio was only 3.45%~5.17% different from HD, and the highest sensory evaluation score (87.2 points) was obtained. Conclusion: MCD temperature-controlled static drying can be used as an efficient method for apricots.

Older population migration has become a normal occurrence that requires further systematic attention. The reasons for older migration in contemporary China exhibit a diversified trend. However, existing literature rarely discusses the impact of migration reasons on the settlement intention of the mobile older population. In China, where the aging demographic is increasing, the residence choice of the older floating population with their families presents a significant difference among cities and regions. Therefore, from the perspective of comparative analysis, to address the gap in the literature, there is an urgent need to reveal the influence mechanism of the settlement intention of the floating older population under different categories of reasons for mobility. Such an approach is of great significance for local governments to conduct differentiated management of the floating older population according to local conditions, provide equal health care services for older people, and promote a new wave of urbanization. In addition to continuous aging and urbanization in China, the migration reasons and characteristics of the older migrant population are diversified. While family migration is still the main reason for the mobility of older people in China, there is an increasingly evident demand for off-site pension, which presents new requirements for the government to actively respond to the aging and carry out services for different kinds of migrant older people. This study explores the influence mechanism of two typical mobility reasons (off-site pension and family migration) on the settlement intention of migrant older people. We adopt the multi-level logistic regression model based on the 2017 China Migrant Population Dynamic Survey. This study derives the following main results. First, the settlement intention of off-site older people is significantly promoted, while the intentions of the family accompany-migrated older people are not convincing. The intention of the former is 14.3% higher than the latter. Second, personal and family characteristics (demographic factors, socioeconomic status, social integration status) and inflow characteristics (urban scale, urban public services, urban environment) both affect the settlement intention of migrant older people. Third, there are different mechanisms for the settlement intention of migrant older people with different reasons for migration. The family is the core of the settlement choice for family migration, while the livability of the environment mitigates its effect. Fourth, the settlement choice of the off-site older people depends on the purpose of personal pension. This kind of migrant older people focus more on external conditions such as favorable policies of urban agglomeration and convenient pension facilities. They will be more easily affected by the social network connection of the inflow place. An in-depth understanding of the migration reasons and characteristics of migrant older people can aid in the provision of better public services. The conclusions of this study provide a reference for local governments to carry out differentiated governance of migrant older people, promote new urbanization, and equalize public services.

OBE embodies the talent cultivation concepts of outcome-oriented, student-centered, and continuous improvement. The promotion and innovation of teaching reform and the cultivation of high-quality talents for the country depend on these concepts. On this basis, this study constructs a blended teaching model for college sports under the OBE approach. From the OBE perspective, we propose a blended teaching model based on OBE by taking the theory of educational goals, the theory of competency-based education, and the theory of constructivist learning as the basic theories for constructing the model, and we carry out instructional design around the five aspects of learning goals, learning support, learning activities, learning evaluation, and teaching optimization The model is based on the learning objectives, learning support, learning activities, learning assessment, and teaching optimization. A teaching evaluation model that uses AHP and BPNN is proposed for the constructed teaching model. The designed teaching model was applied to college physical education courses for empirical research. The experimental group had 94% of students who were capable of maintaining self-regulated learning, which was 22% higher than the control group. The percentage of students in the experimental group who would explicitly continue to participate in relevant physical activities after class also reached 88%. This paper’s model has a positive impact on student’s physical education, and the design of a blended teaching model for college physical education based on OBE is effective.

Background Dietary magnesium and serum magnesium play an important part in cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between magnesium depletion score (MDS) and CVD development and prognosis remains unclear. This analysis examines the cross‐sectional relationship between MDS and CVD, and the longitudinal association between MDS and all‐cause and CVD mortality in individuals with CVD. Methods and Results In all, 42 711 individuals were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including 5015 subjects with CVD. The association between MDS and total and individual CVDs was examined using the survey‐weighted multiple logistic regression analysis. Among 5011 patients with CVD, 2285 and 927 participants were recorded with all‐cause and CVD deaths, respectively. We applied survey‐weighted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to investigate the impact of MDS on the mortality of individuals with CVD. The CVD group had higher MDS levels than the non‐CVD groups. After controlling all confounding factors, individuals with MDS of 2 and ≥3 had higher odds of total CVD and specific CVD than those with MDS of 0. Besides, each 1‐unit increase in MDS was strongly related to the risk of total CVD and specific CVD. The relationship between MDS and total CVD was stable and significant in all subgroups. The fully adjusted Cox regression model indicated that high MDS, irrespective of MDS as a categorical or continuous variable, was significantly associated with an elevated risk of all‐cause and CVD deaths. Conclusions MDS is a vital risk factor for the prevalence and mortality of individuals with CVD.

Aiming at the problem of insufficient labeled samples in the process of rolling bearing fault diagnosis, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis model based on semi supervised Laplace score（SSLS） and kernel principal component analysis（KPCA） is proposed by combining with the idea of feature selection and secondary mining. SSLS applies the semi supervised idea to the Laplace score feature selection method, uses a small number of labeled samples and a large number of unlabeled samples, and combines KPCA to excavate fault features for a second time. At the same time, particle swarm optimization-based support vector machine（PSO-SVM） algorithm is used for fault classification. Finally, the model is applied to the process of experimental data analysis. The results show that the model can not only reduce the workload of sample marking, but also maintain a high accuracy in rolling bearing fault classification, which verifies the effectiveness and engineering practicability of the model.

Objective: This study aimed to establisha rapid and accurate prediction method of lamb adulteration by using visible/near-infrared （400~1 000 nm） and short-wave near-infrared （900~1 700 nm） hyperspectral imaging techniques. Methods: The data acquisition of lamb adulterated with different proportions of duck meat using visible/near-infrared （400~1 000 nm） and short-wave near-infrared （900~1 700 nm） hyperspectral imagers was performed to compare the effect of partial least squares （PLS） modeling with different spectral preprocessing methods in the two band ranges. Then the normalized preprocessing method was selected in the visible-NIR band, and the standard normal variate transformation （SNV） preprocessing method was selected in the short-wave infrared band. After the optimal preprocessing of the spectral data on to the two bands separately, the feature wavelengths were selected using the successive projections algorithm （SPA）, the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling （CARS）, the Interval random frog （iRF） and the Synergy intervals PLS （SiPLS）. Results: The best lamb adulteration prediction using SNV-SPA-PLS model in the short-wave near-infrared （900~1 700 nm） bands, was achieved, and with the prediction set model evaluation coefficients of R2p=0.968 4, RMSEP=0.058 2, RPD=5.625 4, relaiable image inversion results were obtained. Conclusion: The rapid and nondestructive quantitative detection of lamb adulteration can be achieved by using hyperspectral imaging techniques in different wavebands.

Attribute selection in rough set theory has wide practical application values. Most existing attribute selection approaches neglect the relationship among the classification information and redundant information brought by the candidate attribute, and the retained classification information provided by the selected attributes when selecting the candidate attribute. Therefore, the significant evaluation function of effective classification information ratio is defined for attribute selection, and an attribute selection approach via the effective classification information ratio is proposed further, which can effectively select the attributes that can provide lots of effective classification information and low redundant information. Besides, considering the influence of candidate attribute on the retained classification information provided by the selected attributes, another significant evaluation function of independent-and-effective classification information ratio is advanced, and an improved attribute selection approach is proposed, which can contribute to balancing the relationship between the effective classification information and redundant information of the attributes, and improving the overall recognition ability of the selected attribute subset. Finally, comparative experiments are conducted from the aspects of classification performance and statistical Bonferroni-Dunn test, and the experimental results illustrate that the proposed attribute selection approaches are effective.

Abstract The principles of quantum information provide new avenues to investigate the cosmos. The uncertainty principle is an important trait of the nonclassical world, and it characterizes a significant lower bound (LB) that can be used to estimate measurement results for two noncommuting observables. Subsequently, the uncertainty principle is generalized to a new version by using the entropy and the quantum memory, that is, the quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relations (Q-M-A-E-U-Rs). Here, considering two qubit detectors coupled to scalar fields, we explore the effects of different cosmic parameters on Q-M-A-E-U-Rs and reveal the influence of the Holevo quantity on the LB of a Q-M-A-E-U-R. It is revealed that an increase in the expansion rapidity of spacetime can enhance the entropic uncertainty and decrease the ability to accurately predict the measurement outcome. The volume expansion leads to the invariance of the entropic uncertainty. An increase in the particle mass of the scalar field causes degradation in entropic uncertainty. In addition, the influence of the Holevo quantity on the Q-M-A-E-U-R’s LB can be ignored if one considers $$({\sigma _x},{\sigma _y})$$ ( σ x , σ y ) as two complementary observables. Therefore, one can use the Adabi bound and Berta bound to equivalently predict the left-hand side (LHS) of the Q-M-A-E-U-R in this situation. However, when $$({\sigma _x},{\sigma _z})$$ ( σ x , σ z ) are chosen as two noncommuting observables, the effect of the Holevo quantity on the LB of the uncertainty relation cannot be ignored, and the Adabi bound can always precisely achieve the LHS and predict entropic uncertainty.

【Background and objective】 Soil permeability is an important engineering parameter modulated by its microscopic structure. The southern section of Yongding River has been drying out of water for a long time with the riverbed deserted. To improve hydro-ecological properties of the riverbed, this paper studied the feasibility of amending the riverbed soil with bentonite. 【Method】 Sandy soil samples taken from the riverbed were amended with bentonite at ratios ranging from 3% to 15%. Following an incubation, each sample was scanned using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Penetration test was conducted in a laboratory to measure the permeability, from which we analyzed the relationship between soil permeability and soil microstructure. 【Result】 Amending the soil with bentonite at ratio of 6% to 15% reduced the soil permeability from 10-5 cm/s to 10-7 cm/s. Microstructure analysis of the samples amended with bentonite at different ratios showed that with the increase in bentonite content, the microstructure changed gradually from granular structure to agglomerate structure, resulting in a decrease in permeability. The aerial percentage of macropores was positively correlated with permeability. Increasing bentonite content improved the orientation of the pore area distribution, with the percentage of pore area within 80o to 100o decreasing and the ratio of pore area around 20o to 40o and 150o increasing. These combined to reduce the soil permeability. Two- and three-dimensional analysis of the microscopic structure revealed that the pore ratio and the logarithm of the permeability were linearly correlated, with R2 being 0.98 for 2D and 0.96 for 3D, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Adding bentonite to the sandy soils taken from the riverbed of Yongding river showed that the addition improved the pore area, changing the average pore diameter as a result. These combined to reduce soil permeability significantly.

Abstract The violation of Leggett–Garg inequalities tested the quantumness of neutrino oscillations (NOs) across macroscopic distances. The quantumness can be quantified by using the tools of the quantum resource theories. Recently, a new genuine tripartite entanglement measure (Xie et al. in Phys Rev Lett 127:040403, 2021), concurrence fill, is defined as the square root of the area of the concurrence triangle satisfying all genuine multipartite entanglement conditions. It has several advantages compared to other existing tripartite measures. Here, we focus on using concurrence fill to quantify the tripartite entanglement in three-flavor NOs. Concurrence fill can reach its maximum 0.89 for the experimentally-observed electron antineutrino oscillations, but it cannot for the muon antineutrino oscillations. In both cases, we compare its performance with other three tripartite entanglement measures, including the generalized geometric measure (GGM), the three- $$\pi $$ π entanglement, and the genuinely multipartite concurrence (GMC), in the neutrino propagation, and accordingly show that concurrence fill contains the most quantum resource. Furthermore, concurrence fill and the three- $$\pi $$ π entanglement are always smooth, while GGM and GMC measures have several sharp peaks. The genuine tripartite quantification of the quantumness of three-flavor NOs represents the first step towards the further potential application of neutrinos on quantum information processing.

Abstract We explore the tripartite entropic uncertainty and genuine tripartite quantumness of Dirac fields in the background of the Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger (GHS) dilation space-time. It is interesting to note that Hawking radiation leads to the decay of quantum nonlocality in the physically accessible region while preserving its total coherence. More importantly, it demonstrates an intrinsic trade-off relationship between the coherences of physically accessible and inaccessible regions. Moreover, we examine the effect of Hawking radiation on entropy-based measured uncertainty and find that stronger Hawking radiation causes the uncertainty in physically accessible regions to increase while decreasing the uncertainty in physically inaccessible regions. Therefore, our investigations may be beneficial to a better understanding of the system’s quantumness in a curved space-time. Combining relativity theory with quantum information science offers new avenues for comprehending the information paradoxes involving black holes.

Abstract The uncertainty relation is regarded as a remarkable feature of quantum mechanics differing from the classical counterpart, and it plays a backbone role in the region of quantum information theory. In principle, the uncertainty relation offers a nontrivial limit to predict the outcome of arbitrarily incompatible observed variables. Therefore, to pursue a more general uncertainty relations ought to be considerably important for obtaining accurate predictions of multi-observable measurement results in genuine multipartite systems. In this article, we derive a generalized entropic uncertainty relation (EUR) for multi-measurement in a multipartite framework. It is proved that the bound we proposed is stronger than the one derived from Renes et al. in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103,020402(2009) ] for the arbitrary multipartite case. As an illustration, we take several typical scenarios that confirm that our proposed bound outperforms that presented by Renes et al. Hence, we believe our findings provide generalized uncertainty relations with regard to multi-measurement setting, and facilitate the EUR’s applications on quantum precision measurement regarding genuine multipartite systems.

Abstract Background Eosinophils are pro-inflammatory cells involved in thrombosis and have been proposed as a prognosis marker in acute ischemic stroke and ST-elevation myocardial Infarction. Here, we sought to clarify the prognostic value of eosinophil percentage (EOS%) in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD). Methods We examined 183 consecutive AAAD patients. Based on the optimum cut-off value of EOS% determined by X-tile software, patients were classified into the low EOS% (EOS% ≤ 0.1) and high EOS% groups (EOS% > 0.1). We performed multivariate regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curves to assess the association between EOS% and mortality. Eosinophil accumulation in aortic dissection intraluminal thrombus was confirmed using hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining. An external cohort from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV was performed to validate the results. Results Relative to surviving patients, those who died during hospitalization had significantly lower EOS% (p = 0.001) but significantly higher WBC (p = 0.002) and neutrophil (p = 0.001) counts. Multivariate regression analysis identified EOS% as an independent predictor of in-hospital and 1-year mortality. KM curves revealed that 1-year cumulative mortality was significantly higher in the low EOS% group, although it was mainly attributed to the higher 30-day mortality. H&E staining revealed massive infiltration of eosinophils in all 20 thrombus specimens. The external validation confirmed that relative to survivors, patients with in-hospital mortality (p = 0.010) had significantly lower EOS%. Moreover, multivariate regression analyses identified that decreased EOS% was independently significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions Low EOS% is significantly related to increased mortality rates in AAAD patients.

In this work, we study the corrosion performance of coatings prepared by electrical explosion spraying of metal wires. 316L metal wire with a diameter of 1.5 mm is used as spray material, and the coating is prepared on the 45# steel substrate by electrical explosion spraying. The oil–water corrosion experiment of the coating is carried out in a constant temperature water bath of 60°C for 168 h. The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy results of the experimental samples have shown that some metal oxides are found inside the coating, most of which are distributed at the grain boundaries with a size range of 30–50 nm. The corrosion rate of the coating is measured by weight loss method with a corrosion rate of 0.079 mm/annum. XRD results show that the corrosion generates CaCO3, Fe3O4, and MgFe2O4. Coating corrosion is mainly caused by the formation of electrochemical corrosion between oxides and non-oxides in the coating, and pitting corrosion and intergranular corrosion in the presence of chloride ions.

To explore reasons and solutions for the rancidity of peanut nougat in storage, this paper investigates the oxidation stability of shelled peanuts and unshelled peanut stored in different temperatures and the quality of nougats prepared by adding peanuts treated in different ways. The results show that when raw peanuts are stored at temperatures of 25 ℃, 37 ℃ and 60 ℃, the oxidation rate of shelled raw peanuts is slower than that of unshelled raw peanuts. The peroxide value of shelled peanuts does not change significantly and is stable below 2 mmol/kg, while the peroxide value of roasted cooked peanuts changes faster when stored at 60 ℃, and the change of the shelled peanuts is slower than that of the unshelled peanuts. The oxidation rate of baked shelled peanuts is slower than that of unshelled, which could potentially prolong the shelf life of peanut nougats made of them.

China's rapid urbanization has contributed to an epidemiological transition from infectious diseases to chronic diseases over the last four decades. The aging of the population has also raised considerable challenges for the sustainable development of China's economy and society. Determining the effects of urbanization on older adults' general health in China is helpful for a more comprehensive assessment of current development in urbanization and to find active interventions to achieve healthy aging. Based on a micro-data sample from the 2010 China population census, nighttime light data, and other statistical data, this study employed two-level logistic regression models to estimate the relationships of the level and rate of urbanization with self-rated health among older Chinese adults on the county-level geographic scale and explore the differences in the health effects of urbanization in different groups of older people. We applied propensity score matching to control for self-selection bias. This study found that (1) the level and rate of China's urbanization have a significant positive correlation with older adults' self-reported health, such that older people living in areas with moderate urbanization and experiencing rapid urbanization are more likely to report good health; (2) those with junior high school education or below and those with local hukou benefit more from urbanization development; (3) after controlling for self-selection bias, the level and rate of urbanization are still positively associated with the self-reported health of older adults. In summary, this study used nationally representative census data covering 2805 counties across 31 provinces to provide a more comprehensive picture of urbanization-health relationships across the country. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine causality, which may help policymakers and practitioners develop effective interventions to promote older adults' health and healthy aging.

Abstract Since neutrino oscillations (NOs) show nonclassical features with the Leggett–Garg inequality and exhibit potential applications in quantum information processing and telecommunications, in order to further reveal quantum properties of the NO systems, we herein focus on investigating entanglement and entropic uncertainty relation in the context of three-flavor NOs. Specifically, we take advantage of three different types of entanglement measures to characterize quantum resources originating from NO systems, and examine the hierarchical relationship among them. Moreover, we analyze the experiment data from different neutrino sources including Daya Bay (0.5 and 1.6 km) and MINOS+ (735 km) collaborations in comparison with our theoretical results. We find that the dynamical evolution of both the entropic uncertainty and entanglement of system shows non-monotonicity, and the experimental results coincide with our theoretical prediction very well. Interestingly, it shows that neutrinos always maintain quantum properties during oscillation process. More importantly, we reveal that the variation of the uncertainty is almost anti-correlated with that of the entanglement of system. Therefore, the nature of entanglement and uncertainty in NOs can be explored in the practical experiment when the three-flavor neutrino states are treated as three-qubit ones, which might be useful for the potential NO-based applications on prospective quantum information processing.

Abstract Objective C1qTNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) acts in the hypothalamus to modulate food intake in diet-induced obese mice and has been shown to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages. Since high-fat diet-induced microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation impair leptin signaling and increase food intake, we aimed to explore the potential connection between the anorexigenic effect of CTRP4 and the suppression of hypothalamic inflammation in mice with DIO. Methods Using an adenovirus-mediated hypothalamic CTRP4 overexpression model, we investigated the impact of CTRP4 on food intake and the hypothalamic leptin signaling pathway in diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, central and plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, were measured by Western blotting and ELISA. Changes in the hypothalamic NF-κB signaling cascade and microglial activation were also examined in vivo. In addition, NF-κB signaling and proinflammatory factors were investigated in BV-2 cells after CTRP4 intervention. Results We found that food intake was decreased, while leptin signaling was significantly improved in mice with DIO after CTRP4 overexpression. Central and peripheral TNF-α and IL-6 levels were reduced by central Ad-CTRP4 administration. Hypothalamic NF-κB signaling and microglial activation were also significantly suppressed in vivo. In addition, NF-κB signaling was inhibited in BV-2 cells following CTRP4 intervention, which was consistent with the decreased production of TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusions Our data indicate that CTRP4 reverses leptin resistance by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation.

Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering is a peculiar quantum nonlocal correlation and has unique physical characteristics and a wide application prospect. Even more importantly, multipartite steerable states have more vital applications in the future quantum information field. Thus, in this work, we explored the dynamics characteristics of both genuine multipartite steering (GMS) and genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) and the relations of both under an open tripartite system. Specifically, the tripartite decoherence system may be modeled by the three parties of a tripartite state that undergo the noisy channels. The conditions for genuine entangled and steerable states can be acquired for the initial tripartite state. The results showed that decoherence noises can degrade the genuine multipartite entanglement and genuine multipartite steering and even induce its death. Explicitly, GME and GMS disappear with the increase in the decoherence strength under the phase damping channel. However, GME and GMS rapidly decay to death with the increase in the channel-noise factor and then come back to life soon after in the bit flip channel. Additionally, the results indicate that GMS is born of GME, but GME does not imply GMS, which means that the set of genuine multipartite steerable states is a strict subset of the set of genuine multipartite entangled states. These conclusions may be useful for discussing the relationship of quantum nonlocal correlations (GME and GMS) in the decoherence systems.

BackgroundElevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and reduced albumin have been prominently correlated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, whether combination BUN and albumin levels could predict the adverse outcomes of cardiac surgery patients remains to be confirmed. Here, we investigated the prognostic effect of the preoperative BUN to serum albumin ratio (BAR) in cardiac surgery patients.MethodsData were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III and eICU databases and classified into a training cohort and validation cohort. The BAR (mg/g) was calculated by initial BUN (mg/dl)/serum albumin (g/dl). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were 1-year mortality, prolonged length at intensive care unit, and duration of hospital stay. The associations of BAR with outcomes were explored by multivariate regression analysis and subgroup analyses. Then, C statistics were performed to assess the added prognostic impact of BAR beyond a baseline risk model.ResultsPatients with in-hospital death had significantly higher levels of BAR. Multivariate regression analysis identified BAR, as a categorical or continuous variable, as an independent factor for adverse outcomes of cardiac surgery (all p < 0.05). Subgroup analyses demonstrated a significant relationship between elevated BAR and in-hospital mortality in different subclasses. The addition of BAR to a baseline model provided additional prognostic information benefits for assessing primary outcome. Results were concordant in the external validation cohort.ConclusionsIncreased preoperative BAR is a potent predictor of unfavorable outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.