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Acid based fracturing fluid (AFF) with appropriate hydrochloric acid (HCl) content is not only conducive to the exploitation of coalbed methane (ECBM), but also can reduce the cost and the risk of environmental pollution. The optimum HCl content can be obtained by FTIR, MIP, and XRD test of the treated coal samples. The results show that the lag zone reaches the minimum value of 0.09 when the HCl content is about 3%, indicating that the connectivity of coal is the best. The effect of AFF on the adsorption pore structure is sensitive to HCl content. AFF with high HCl tends to increase the amount of adsorption pores by more than 9.7%, which enhances the gas adsorption capacity and is thus not conducive to ECBM. The functional group content initially increases with increasing HCl and then decreases. When the content of HCl is about 3%, they reache the maximum value, increasing by 26.5%, 16%, 38.5%, and 48.2%. The infrared indexes show the same trend of an initial increase and then decrease with increasing HCl content, whereas the aliphatic chain length shows a weakly positive trend. The results indicate that AFF with 3%–5% HCl is the most conducive for ECBM.

Fu Jin,1 Huan-Li Luo,1 Juan Zhou,2 Ya-Nan He,1 Xian-Feng Liu,1 Ming-Song Zhong,1 Han Yang,1 Chao Li,1 Qi-Cheng Li,1 Xia Huang,1 Xiu-Mei Tian,1 Da Qiu,1 Guang-Lei He,1 Li Yin,1 Ying Wang1 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2Forensic Identification Center, College of Criminal Investigation, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Modern radiotherapy (RT) is being enriched by big digital data and intensive technology. Multimodality image registration, intelligence-guided planning, real-time tracking, image-guided RT (IGRT), and automatic follow-up surveys are the products of the digital era. Enormous digital data are created in the process of treatment, including benefits and risks. Generally, decision making in RT tries to balance these two aspects, which is based on the archival and retrieving of data from various platforms. However, modern risk-based analysis shows that many errors that occur in radiation oncology are due to failures in workflow. These errors can lead to imbalance between benefits and risks. In addition, the exact mechanism and dose–response relationship for radiation-induced malignancy are not well understood. The cancer risk in modern RT workflow continues to be a problem. Therefore, in this review, we develop risk assessments based on our current knowledge of IGRT and provide strategies for cancer risk reduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) such as machine learning is also discussed because big data are transforming RT via AI. Keywords: cancer risk, radiotherapy, workflow, big data&nbsp

Objective To assess the prevalence of and related risk factors for aspirin resistance in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Two hundred and forty-six elderly patients (75.9 ± 7.4 years) with CAD who received daily aspirin therapy (≥ 75 mg) over one month were recruited. The effect of aspirin was assessed using light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and thrombelastography platelet mapping assay (TEG). Aspirin resistance was defined as ≥ 20% arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation and ≥ 70% adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation in the LTA assay. An aspirin semi-responder was defined as meeting one (but not both) of the criteria described above. Based on the results of TEG, aspirin resistance was defined as ≥ 50% aggregation induced by AA. Results As determined by LTA, 23 (9.3%) of the elderly CAD patients were resistant to aspirin therapy; 91 (37.0%) were semi-responders. As determined by TEG, 61 patients (24.8%) were aspirin resistant. Of the 61 patients who were aspirin resistant by TEG, 19 were aspirin resistant according to LTA results. Twenty-four of 91 semi-responders by LTA were aspirin resistant by TEG. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated fasting serum glucose level (Odds ratio: 1.517; 95% CI: 1.176–1.957; P = 0.001) was a significant risk factor for aspirin resistance as determined by TEG. Conclusions A significant number of elderly patients with CAD are resistant to aspirin therapy. Fasting blood glucose level is closely associated with aspirin resistance in elderly CAD patients.

Background Although angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are equally important in the treatment of hypertension, there is less evidence whether they have equal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects, especially in elder hypertensive patients. This study aims to clarify this unresolved issue. Methods This cross-sectional study included clinical data on 933 aged male patients with hypertension who received either an ARB or ACEI for more than two months between January 2007 and May 2011. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. The secondary endpoints were unstable angina, new atrial fibrillation, and transient ischemic attack. Results The median follow-up time was 24 months. Age, drug types, cerebral infarction history, renal dysfunction history were the independent predictors of the primary endpoint. The risk of an occurrence of a primary endpoint event was higher in the ARB group than the ACEI group [P = 0.037, hazard ratios (HR): 2.124, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.048–4.306]. The Kaplan-Meier method also suggests that the rate of primary endpoint occurrence was higher in the ARB group than the ACEI group (P = 0.04). In regard to the secondary endpoints, there were no significant differences between the two treatment arms (P = 0.137, HR: 1.454, 95% CI: 0.888–2.380). Patient age and coronary heart disease history were independent predictors of the secondary endpoint. Conclusion ACEI were more effective than ARB in reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in aged patients with hypertension.

This paper studies the superfluidity of ultracold spin-2 Bose atoms with weak interactions in optical lattices by calculating the excitation energy spectrum using the Bogoliubov approach. The energy spectra exhibit the characteristics of the superfluid-phase explicitly and it finds the nonvanishing critical speeds of superfluid. The obtained results display that the critical speeds of superfluid are different for five spin components and can be controlled by adjusting the lattice parameters in experiments. Finally it discusses the feasibilities of implementing and measuring superfluid.

In this paper we develop a variational theory to study the dynamic properties of ultracold Bose gas in a funnel external potential. We obtain one-dimensional nonlinear equation which describes the dynamics of transverse tight confined bosonic gas from three-dimension to one-dimension, and find one-dimensional s-wave scattering length which depends on the shape of transverse confining potential. If the funnel trapping potential is strong enough at zero temperature, all transverse excitations are frozen. We find the dynamic equation which describes the Tonks–Girardeau gas and present a qualitative analysis of the experimental accessibility of the Tonks–Girardeau gas with funnel-trapped alkalic atoms.

This paper presents a funnel external potential model to investigate dynamic properties of ultracold Bose gas. By using variational method, we obtain the ground-state energy and density properties of ultracold Bose atoms. The results show that the ultracold Bose gas confined in a funnel potential experiences the transition from three-dimensional regime to quasi-one-dimensional regime in a small aspect ratio, and undergoes fermionization process as the aspect ratio increases.

Objective: To analyze the expressions of Bcl-2, B7-H1, EGFR and VEGF in colorectal cancer for the further investigation of their correlations with the clinical pathological features of colorectal cancer. Method: Fresh colorectal cancer tissues and the expressions of Bcl-2, B7-H1, VEGF and EGFR in paraneoplastic normal mucosal tissues of 57 cases were tested by immunohistochemisty method, and the results were analyzed by SPSS10.0. Results: 1. Compared with paraneoplastic normal tissues, the expressions of Bcl-2 and B7-H1 in colorectal cancer tissues increased significantly with significant difference (P0.05); 2. The correlation with clinical pathological features: there was significant difference of expression rates of EGFR between different genders (P

The paper presents a new method to estimate the spaceborne SAR Doppler frequency rate. A polynomial model is set up to demonstrate the azimuth signal of the spaceborne SAR and converts frequency rate estimation to frequency estimation through difference processing. With the analysis of estimation accuracy and computational complexity, the method is proved to be able to reduce the burden of computation while the estimation accuracy is guaranteed. Finally, several simulations and processing of RADARSAT raw data are presented, which proves the validity of the proposed method.

A method on reducing speckle in high resolution single-look synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is put forward in this paper. Based on soft-morphology, the method is called soft-morphological filter with omnidirectional multiple structuring elements. It substitutes omni-directional multiple structuring elements for common structuring elements. Using it, point targets are detected and preserved and single-look SAR images with high spatial resolution and high radiometric resolution can be obtained. Its efficiency is testified with SAR raw data.