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Objective To investigate the correlation of olfactory function and cognitive function and motor symptoms in patients with primary Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Total 152 patients with PD diagnosed and treated were recruited from August 2018 to October 2019 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The Chinese Smell Indentification Test (CSIT) was used to evaluate the olfactory recognition function. According to the test results, patients were divided into the normal olfactory group (n=62) and the olfactory disorder group (n=90). The Unified Parkinson's Disease Assessment Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS Ⅲ) was used to evaluate the motor function, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) Beijing edition was used to evaluate the degree of cognitive function, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the patients' depression and anxiety levels. Patients' visual spatial working memory function were tested by the n⁃back test. Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to investigate the correlation between olfactory function with cognitive function and motor symptoms in patients with PD. Results CSIT⁃self score (Z=⁃2.081, P=0.037) and CSIT⁃OI score (t=13.966, P=0.000) were lower in patients with anosmia than in those with normal smell. Overall MoCA score (t=3.008, P=0.003), as well as the scores of visuospatial executive function (Z=⁃2.277, P=0.023), naming (Z=⁃2.397, P=0.017), attention (Z=⁃3.203, P=0.001), language (Z=⁃2.229, P=0.026), delayed memory (Z=⁃2.426, P=0.015) were all decreased. The accuracy of 1⁃back test (t=2.341, P=0.027) and 2⁃back test (t=2.406, P=0.024) decreased, and the response time of 0⁃back test (t=⁃2.309, P=0.029) and 2⁃back test (t=⁃2.314, P=0.029) increased. Correlation analysis showed that olfactory function score was positively correlated with total MoCA score (rs=0.298, P=0.000). Conclusions The olfactory function of PD patients is closely related to cognitive function, PD patients with olfactory disorder have poor visual spatial working memory function. Therefore such patients should be paid more attention to cognitive function and visual spatial working memory function.

The purposes of this study were to analyze the influencing factors of self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) of nursing undergraduates and explore the impacts of learning attitude and self-efficacy on nursing undergraduates.

To examine the best practice evidence of the effectiveness of the flipped classroom (FC) as a burgeoning teaching model on the development of self-directed learning in nursing education.

This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of parental involvement in infant care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

In continuation of the investigation on the bithiophene structure as potential Aβ probes, two halogenated chalcone derivatives containing bithiophene moiety were designed and evaluated as imaging probes for Aβ plaques. In vitro fluorescence staining indicated that they could stain Aβ plaques in the brain sections of AD model mice specifically, in vitro binding assay further confirmed that they displayed high binding affinities to Aβ aggregates (Ki=2.33 nM and 0.88 nM). One radio-iodinated probe, 125I labeleled chalcone derivatives was obtained via iododestannylation reaction with high radiochemical yield and purity (>99%). Moreover, the 125I-labeling compound displayed specific labeling of Aβ plaques in the brain sections of AD model mice with low background, and the specific labeling could be confirmed by thioflavin-S staining. In vivo biodistribution in normal mice indicated that the 125I labeling compound exhibited low initial brain uptake (1.19%ID/g at 2 min) and rapid clearance. These preliminary results suggest that 125I labeling compound may serve as novel Aβ imaging probe, although further modifications are needed to improve initial brain uptake.

In the process of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) must undergo osteogenic differentiation. OTM increased the expression of Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 16 (ZBTB16), which is implicated in osteogenic differentiation. Our goal was to investigate the mechanism of PDLF osteogenic differentiation mediated hy ZBTB16. The OTM rat model was established, and PDLFs were isolated and exposed to mechanical force. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Alizarin Red staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were carried out. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were conducted. In OTM models, ZBTB16 was significantly expressed. Additionally, there was an uneven distribution of PDLFs in the OTM group, as well as an increase in fibroblasts and inflammatory infiltration. ZBTB16 interference hindered PDLF osteogenic differentiation and decreased Wnt and p-catenin levels. Meanwhile, ZBTB16 activated the Wnt/[beta]-catenin pathway. ZBTB16 also enhanced the expression of the osteogenic molecules osterix, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and bone sialo protein (BSP) at mRNA and protein levels. The interactions between Wntl and ZBTB16, as well as GCN5 and ZBTB16, were also verified. The adenoassociated virus-shZBTB16 injection also proved to inhibit osteogenic differentiation and reduce tooth movement distance in in vivo tests. ZBTB16 was up-regulated in OTM. Through acetylation modification of ZBTB16, GCN5 regulated the Wnt/[beta]-catenin signaling pathway and further mediated PDLF osteogenic differentiation. Key words: GCN5, ZBTB16, acetylation, osteogenic differentiation, orthodontic tooth movement, Introduction Applying the proper mechanical force to the teeth during orthodontic therapy will result in the reconstruction of the alveolar bone and the periodontal tissue, and ultimately cause tooth displacement [...]