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We find new operator formulas for converting Q− P and P− Q ordering to Weyl ordering, where Q and P are the coordinate and momentum operator. In this way we reveal the essence of operators' Weyl ordering scheme, e.g., Weyl ordered operator polynomial ${_{:}^{:}}\;Q^{m}P^{n}\;{_{:}^{:}}$, where ${}_{:}^{:}$ ${}_{:}^{:}$ denotes the Weyl ordering symbol, and H is the two-variable Hermite polynomial. This helps us to know the Weyl ordering more intuitively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Yilan Basin which is a typical Cenozoic fault basin for example, the occurrence and forming conditions were studied on shale, oil shale and coal based on field section profiles and comprehensive analysis indoors. Furthermore, the genesis and metallogenic regularities of coal and oil shale were showed by studying on paleoclimte, paleoenvironment and paleotectonic conditions. Coal-bearing beds of coal co-occurring with oil shale easily formed during episodic movement of tectonic subsidence at the beginning of the basin evolution. Coal deposited in shallow lacustrine basin of the fan front, and oil shale directly deposited on the coal interval, while oil shale stable sedimentary time during lake-basin expansion. Coal formed in lake marsh, while oil shale deposited in lake marsh and lacustrine. Coal and oil shale distributions were controlled by the basin-controlling fault of Yilan Basin, and became thicker near the F1 fault. That shows gradually onlapping from the lake level with the increasing depositing range of the lake basin. Coal mainly formed at warm and damp conditions, while the climate of oil shale formation generally tended to mild and a temperature decrease based on spore and pollen analysis. It was the subtropical climate, warm and damp, and the wind was weak at the lake level when the lake of Dalianhe Formation was developing. And that climate favored the formation of deep to semi-deep lake environment which was reducing and stable and easily made for oil shale. The achievements above will shape some theoretical foundations for exploring energy basins which are rich in resources of oil and gas, shale gas and coal-bed gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clay mineral and inorganic geochemical characteristics of Eocene Huadian formation in Huadian basin have been found through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and inorganic geochemical element tests. Clay minerals of Huadian formation of the study area contain montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite. The content of montmorillonite is the highest, and illite/smectite mixed layer is rare. Mn, Sr, P, Cd, Sr/Cu, B/Ga, Sr/Ba and Ca/(Ca+Fe) change with an exactly similar trend vertically, and Cu, Cs, Rb/Sr, V/(V+Ni) and 8Ce change with another similar trend. Clay minerals and inorganic geochemical evidence reveal the characteristics of paleoclimate and paleolimnology:the upper section containing coal and the lower section containing pyrite of Huadian formation belong to terrestrial sedimentary environment under the condition of warm and humid climate and low salinity ; the middle section containing oil shale belongs to frequently alternating freshwater and saltwater environment, alternating humid and drought climate. The largest expansion phase of lacustrine basin which was under reduction condition with alternating humid and drought climate and salinity stratification developed semi-deep lake and deep lake facies which formed oil shale; the shrinkage phase of lacustrine basin with warm and humid climate developed delta plain with peat swamp which formed coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To present the treatment outcome for patients with stenosing tenosynovitis of thumb flexor tendon treated with a small S incision and page turning style of annular ligament partial resection., Material and Methods: During a 2-year period between August 2011 and July 2013, 12 consecutive patients (mean age, 45.8 years) with stenosing tenosynovitis of the thumb flexor tendon were prospectively enrolled into this study. All 12 patients underwent longitudinal S skin incision to expose annular ligament and thumb flexor tendon, and with page turning style of annular ligament partial resection to finish the operation. The average range of motion of metacarpophalangeal thumb joint, Quick disability of arm, shoulder, and hand and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Dysfunction score of arm and hand were primary outcome measures., Results: There were 9 cases of stiff metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb and 3 cases of snapping thumb for stenosing tenosynovitis. At 1-year follow-up, all stenosing tenosynovitis had healed by an average of 4 weeks. The average range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint was 37.1° (range, 34-40°). No patients had recurrence, cicatricial contraction, or postoperative infection. The average disability of arm, shoulder, and hand was 0.3 out of 100 (range, 0-1.67), and average Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Dysfunction score of arm and hand was 6.9 out of 40 (range, 0-15.6). All 12 patients stated that they were highly satisfied., Conclusions: Small S incision and page turning style of annular ligament partial resection for stenosing tenosynovitis of thumb flexor tendon is a safe, simple, and reliable alternative treatment with minimal soft-tissue irritation, good functional results and recovery can be expected.

Objective: To investigate the effects of estrogen-deficiency upon the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in alveolar bone so as to clarify the role of estrogen in alveolar bone metabolism., Methods: Fifty-three SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: OVX group (n=18) undergoing bilateral ovariectomy, OVX + E2 group (n=18), undergoing bilateral ovariectomy and subcutaneous injection of estradiol once 3 days since day 2 after the operation, and sham operation group (n=17) undergoing sham operation. Four weeks after the operation periodontal ligature was conducted and high-sugar diet was fed to establish periodontitis models. Four weeks later the rats were killed. The morphological changes and expression of OPG in alveolar bone were observed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry., Results: All the rats showed sparseness of bone trabeculae in alveolar bone and osteoclasts and lacuna at the surface of alveolar bone, especially the rate of the group OVX. The A values (absorption of the OPG expression) in the alveolar bone of the OVX groups was 27 854 +/- 5246, significantly lower than those of the sham operation group and OVX + E2 group (38 799 +/- 6228 and 37 146 +/- 6394 respectively, both P < 0.05) without significant difference between the sham operation group and OVX + E2 group (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Estrogen deficiency decreases the expression of OPG in alveolar bone, and enhances the absorption of alveolar bone.