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Supplementary Material 1

To overcome the drawback of KNN algorithms based on distance measure which did not measure the contributions for each feature accurately. In this paper, a K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) de-noise method based on likelihood distance entropy is proposed. The relations of feature parameters are used to measure their contributions for de-noise energy, then according to the contributions for each feature leading de-noise of the feature parameters. In order to compare the performance of these relative methods, the Letter corpora and Pima Indians Diabetes database are employ to carry out the experiments, the experiment results show that comparing with the other de-noise methods mentioned in this paper, this proposed method have a better ability for de-noise.

UltrafineAu nanowires (AuNWs) were synthesized in high yields by a one-step wet chemical method using oleylamine as the solvent, surfactant, and reductant. The obtained AuNWs were of high purity and had a high aspect ratio, with diameters of ~2 nm and lengths of tens of micrometers.AuNWs of diameter ~9 nm were also obtained in the presence of oleic acid, at an oleic acid:oleylamine volume ratio of 1:1. The formation of AuNWs was studied by changing the reaction temperature and the volume of oleylamine. It is proposed that the growth mechanism of the Au nanostructures involves strong aurophilic interactions from oleylamine-AuCl complexes; the reducedAu atoms agglomerate and attach to preformed particles, and the oleylamine molecular layer acts as a soft template, leading to one-dimensional growth of Au atoms into AuNWs.

Much attention has been given to the optical properties of noble metal nanostructures and these are closely related to the size, morphology, and environment of the nanoparticles. In this paper, the influences of structures and assembly modes on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Au nanorods were studied through a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation on Au nanorod assemblies (dimers and multimers) of different configurations. The simulated optical spectra agree well with the experimental results. The simulated results for the side-by-side (S-S) orientedAu nanorods indicate that the transverse SPR (SPRT) has a slight red- shift, and the longitudinal SPR (SPRL) blue-shifts obviously. For the end-to-end (E-E) orientedAu nanorod dimer, the results indicate that with a decrease in the gap spacing of the E-E orientedAu nanorods, the SPRT does not shift while the SPRL red-shifts obviously. Moreover, a new coupling SPR peak appears in the near-infrared (NIR) region, blue-shifting and enhancing with a decrease in the gap spacing. Based on the spring oscillator model and the polarization of the nanoparticles under an incident electric field, we propose a reason for the SPR shift and the appearance of a new coupling SPR for the Au nanorod assemblies.

We present an electro-optically Q-switched 2.79 μm Cr,Er:Y2.93Sc1.43Ga3.64O12 laser using LiNbO3 Pockels cell and undoped Y3Al15O12 plate polarizer. The optimal delay for triggering the Q-switch with respect to the peak of waveform of the flashlamp is found to be about 120 μs. The minimum pump threshold of 13.2 J is realized using the output coupler of reflectivity 74%. The maximum outputs of 72.3 mJ at 3 Hz and 35.4 mJ at 10 Hz repetition rates are obtained. The minimum pulse width is measured to be 31.9 ns. The far-field divergence angle of the laser beam is about 8.8 mrad. The influence of repetition rates on the output energy is also discussed.

We present a new method of automatic detection of Coroanal Mass Ejections(CMEs) in Coronagraph. Different from brightness comparison that was widely used in currently methods of detecting CMEs, we detect CMEs by analyzing the sudden change of frequency spectrum in coronagraph. And this method shoud be more effective while detecting the faint CME whose brightness is so weak that maybe ignored by brightness comparison.

The theoretical model of the hexagonal fiber array is established based on Fraunhofer diffraction theory. The far field distribution of the hexagonal fiber array is presented. Energy contained in the central lobe and Strehl ratio are taken as the two evaluation parameters of coherent combined system. The effects of arrangement, amplitude，filling factor and phase errors on far field distribution are analyzed and simulated. A seven-element hexagonal fiber array with a hexagonal prism is experimentally constructed. The hill climbing method is employed to detect and lock the element phase. The filling factor of the coherent array achieves 066. The combined beam of Strehl ratio of 070 and energy contained in the central lobe of 040 is experimentally obtained. And the energy contained in the central lobe of two-element linear array and four-element square array are 045 and 018, respectively.