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ObjectiveTo provide references for the formulation and revision of corresponding food standards and further improvement of China’s national food safety standard system， the implementation of national food safety standards for oils and fats was understood， and the suggestions and opinions in the implementation of food safety standards was collected.MethodsThe standard follow-up evaluation was carried out by means of enterprise background investigation， questionnaire survey， on-site investigation and expert consultation. Food production and marketing enterprises， supervision institutes， inspection and testing institutions， industry associations， and relevant scientific research institutes from Shanghai， Guangdong， Hebei， Jiangxi， Guangxi and Ningxia were selected as the subjects for questionnaire and on-site investigation. Collect the problems encountered in the implementation of product standards， specification， examination method standards， and general standards， as well as suggestions on the revision of standards and system construction.ResultsFrom 2019 to 2021， a total of 3 097 special follow-up evaluation questionnaires were issued， 1 348 valid questionnaires were recovered， the recovery rate was 43.53%. 183 enterprises were surveyed on the spot， and 72 valid opinions and suggestions were collected. Generally speaking， the respondents have a high degree of recognition of the national food safety standards for oils and fats， and the suggestions mainly focus on “improving food classification and definition” and “increasing or improving technical indicators”.ConclusionThe implementation of national food safety standards for oils and fats is satisfactory， but it is necessary to improve the terminology definitions and technical requirements of relevant standards.

Constructing an edible extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold with good thermal stability, self-assembly properties and biocompatibility is crucial for manufacturing structured cell cultured meat products. In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was introduced into the bovine bone collagen (BBC) system. Using ultraviolet (UV) absorption, infrared (IR) and fluorescence spectroscopy, it was found that the interaction between BBC and CMCS was enhanced with the increase in CMCS concentration, without affecting the triple-helical structure. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the introduction of CMCS reinforced the thermal stability of BBC. Turbidity test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed an increase in the degree of fibrillogenesis and aggregation behavior and changes in self-assembly rate; a looser and twisted three-dimensional structure with a larger fibril diameter and a wider diameter distribution was observed after the introduction of CMCS. However, the introduction of CMCS did not significantly affect the formation and length of D-periodicity (a characteristic alternating light/dark transverse stripe structure formed during the self-assembly process of collagen fibers) in BBC, and there was no significant difference in the cell compatibility of the system before and after the introduction of CMCS. The BBC-CMCS interaction might be dominated more by electrostatic forces than covalent interactions and hydrogen bonds with the increase in CMCS concentration. These results indicated that the introduction of CMCS improved the thermal stability and self-assembly properties of BBC without affecting its biocompatibility or triple-helical integrity. This study provides a reference for the development of excellent edible collagen-based ECM as a biomimetic scaffold for cultured meat and for the deep processing and high-value utilization of livestock and poultry bone by-products.

A 38-year-old lady was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) autoimmune encephalitis, fulfilling both classification criteria during her index admission. She was subsequently diagnosed with seropositive myasthenia gravis (MG) with a typical clinical presentation. Her SLE and AMPAR encephalitis were successfully treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Her MG responded well to anti-cholinesterase inhibitors. We report a distinctive case with the association of three rare autoimmune diseases in an individual.

Haematococcus pluvialis residue powder, which has been extracted with astaxanthin, was used as the raw material to prepare Haematococcus pluvialis protein by alkaline extraction and acid precipitation method. The protein structure of Haematococcus pluvialis was characterized, and the effects of pH and ion strength on the functional characteristics of Haematococcus pluvialis protein were studied. The results showed that the isoelectric point of Haematococcus pluvialis protein was 4.2. The molecular weight of the subunit was around 14.4, 18.4 and 38 kDa, respectively and the content of α-helix, β-fold, β-corner and disordered structure in the secondary structure was 14.86%, 18.47%, 40.3% and 26.37%, respectively. It contained 7 kinds of essential amino acids required by the human body, accounting for 36.38% of the total amino acid content. Microscopic observation showed that the protein of Haematococcus pluvialis was rod-shaped and sheet-like, with a rough and porous surface. With the increase of pH, the solubility, water absorption, emulsion capability, foam stability and foam stability of the protein of Haematococcus pluvialis increased first and then decreased, while the emulsification stability showed the opposite trend. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the foam capability, foam stability, emulsion capability and emulsification stability of the protein of Haematococcus pluvialis increased first and then decreased, while the solubility showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again.

The application of compressor blisk is one of the typical technologies of high-performance engines. However，due to its contact with high-speed airflow containing various solids，a variety of different forms of structural damage and performance degradation occur frequently，which seriously restricts the high performance，high reliability，and long-life operation of the engine. The remanufacturing technology of blisk based on repair is an effective way to solve the above problems. Aiming at the common basic problems in the process of repair and remanufacture of compressor blisk，this paper summarizes the historical evolution and technology development on the repairing and remanufacturing technology of blisk at home and abroad. According to the damage forms of geometric structure and service function，the damage reparable evaluation and design，fusion welding repair technology，pressure welding repair technology，brazing and laser beam additive manufacturing，surface treatment and optimization/strengthening technology are systematically expounded. The important issues such as the assessment and design，the development of technologies，and deep repair in the remanufacture of the blisk are explored in order to promote the rapid development and successive application of blisk remanufacturing technology.

ObjectiveTo provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases among the geriatrics in China’s Mainland， the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases was understood.MethodsInformation on acute gastroenteritis cases aged ≥65 years in China’s Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System from 2018 to 2022 was collected and analyzed.ResultsThe overall prevelance of foodborne disease monitoring pathogens among the geriatrics in China was 9.15% （7 218/78 904， 95%CI： 8.95%， 9.35%， with Salmonella spp. being the highest （4.90%， 3 860/78 699， 95%CI： 4.75%， 5.06%）， Norovirus （2.07%， 1 517/73 173， 95%CI： 1.97%， 2.18%）， Diarrheogenic E. coli （1.39%， 1 015/72 763， 95%CI： 1.31%， 1.48%）， Vibrio parahaemolyticus （1.00%， 782/78 386， 95%CI： 0.93%， 1.07%） and Shigella spp. （0.19%， 147/78 611， 95%CI： 0.16%， 0.22%）. The prevelance of Salmonella spp. in male elderly was higher than that in female， while the prevelance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in female was higher than that in male. The higher the age， the lower the prevelance was. Geriatrics with foodborne diseases had obvious seasonality. The prevelances of Salmonella spp.， Shigella spp.， Vibrio parahaemolyticus and diarrheogenic E. coli reach their peak in July and August， while Norovirus reaches its peak in February and March. The overall prevelance varies across different regions of the country， and the differences are statistically significant （χ²=546.85， P

ObjectiveTo conduct comprehensive assessment of internal and external cadmium exposure and health risks for Shanghai residents.MethodsCadmium levels in food samples were calculated by employing two dietary exposure assessment methods， total diet study （TDS） and food frequency questionnaire （FFQ）， to estimate the daily dietary cadmium exposure of Shanghai residents. The provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI） of cadmium set by joint food and agriculture organization/WHO expert committee on food additives （JECFA） was applied to evaluate the health risk. Differences in dietary and urinary cadmium were compared by rank-sum test among different regions， age， gender， smoking status， and BMI groups， and the association between internal and external cadmium exposure was investigated by correlation analysis.ResultsThe mean value of urinary cadmium for 1 300 respondents was 0.542 μg·L-1. Urinary cadmium was higher in the population in central urban and urban-rural fringe areas than in the suburban area， higher in the older age group than in the younger age group， and higher in the smoking group than in the non-smoking group （all P

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an economically vital grain crop that is cultivated worldwide. In 2011, a maize foliar disease was detected in Lingtai and Lintao counties in Gansu Province, China. The characteristic signs and symptoms of this disease include irregular chlorotic lesions on the tips and edges of infected leaves and black punctate fruiting bodies in dead leaf tissues. Given favourable environmental conditions, this disease spread to areas surrounding Gansu. In this study, infected leaves were collected from Gansu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between 2018 and 2020 to identify the disease-causing pathogen. Based on morphological features, pathogenicity tests, and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis involving internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 18S small subunit rDNA (SSU), 28S large subunit rDNA (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences, Eutiarosporella dactylidis was identified as the causative pathogen of this newly discovered leaf blight. Furthermore, an in vitro bioassay was conducted on representative strains using six fungicides, and both fludioxonil and carbendazim were found to significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of E. dactylidis. The results of this study provide a reference for the detection and management of Eutiarosporella leaf blight.

The effect of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the microstructure and properties of hot dip aluminum coating cooled in a magnetic field was investigated in this study. In order to improve the microstructure and properties of magnetic dip aluminum coating, hot isostatic pressing technology was used for post-treatment. Initially, a traditional aluminum-impregnated coating was prepared on the surface of titanium alloy TA15, an alternating electromagnetic field was applied during the forming and solidification process of the coating. Finally, the coating was treated with hot isostatic pressing technology. Analyzed three different coatings of the microstructure and element distribution, and tested the microhardness of the coatings at various positions. The test results revealed that the TA15 titanium alloy hot-dip aluminum coatings obtained through the three different processes exhibited a gradient structure. Compared with the traditional hot-dipped aluminum air-cooled coating, when an appropriate intensity of alternating electromagnetic field was applied during the coating solidification process, the outer coating structure was enhanced, the number of holes was reduced, the microstructure density increased, and the number of cracks significantly decreased. The defects of the 800 °C hot isostatic magnetic cold and hot dip aluminum coating were repaired under high temperature and pressure, resulting in a uniform and fine microstructure. The comprehensive properties of the magnetic cold and hot dip aluminum coating on the surface of the titanium alloy were effectively enhanced through hot isostatic pressing.

The effect of pressure on the microstructure and properties of Ti–Al coating on titanium alloy surface is studied. Ti–Al coating is prepared on the surface of titanium alloy by pressure-assisted high-temperature thermal diffusion. The manufacturing method is simple and easy to operate. The microstructure and element distribution of the coating are analyzed under different processes, and the composition of the coating is tested. The test results show that the substrate alloy and the coating alloy are not connected when the coating is diffused at 650 °C. The coating diffused at 750 °C without pressure is mostly connected to the substrate, but there are microscopic gaps in some areas. The main components of the coating diffused at 750 °C under 80 Pa pressure are TiAl, Ti3Al, and other intermetallic compounds. The boundary between the substrate and the coating is flat, and there is no obvious micro gap, so the metallurgical connection is fundamentally realized. In addition, the maximum hardness can reach 334.9HV0.2. The thickness of the coating diffused at 750 °C under 160 Pa pressure was greatly reduced, showing a gradient form. The surface quality of the outer coating is poor, the structure density of the binding layer is also poor, and there are no obvious penetrating cracks. The bonding between the coating and the substrate is effectively enhanced by an auxiliary action under certain pressure, and then the microstructure and properties of the coating are improved.

ObjectiveTo compare the levels of contamination of seven mycotoxins， including deoxynivalenol （DON）， zearalenone（ZEN）， fumonisin B1（FB1）， tenuazonic acid（TeA）， alternariol monomethvl ether（AME）， T-2 Toxin（T-2）， ochratoxin A（OTA） in organic and conventional wheat flour sold in Shanghai City， and analyze the cumulative contamination of Fusarium toxin， Alternaria toxin and OTA.MethodsSamples were extracted with acetonitrile， and the contents of the seven mycotoxins were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The calibration curves for all mycotoxins were linear， with correlation coefficients above 0.99. The average recoveries of the spiked samples ranged from 80.13% to 122.86%， with relative standard deviations from 1.91% to 17.14%. This method is simple and rapid， with high accuracy and precision， and meets the requirements for mycotoxin analysis in flour.ResultsT-2 and FB1 were not detected in organic or conventional flours. The contamination levels of DON， ZEN， AME and OTA in organic flour were higher than those in conventional flour. The existence of at least two mycotoxins was observed in 97.5% of the flour samples， with DON+ZEN+OTA having the highest coexistence rate at 18.75%.ConclusionThe rate and level of mycotoxin contamination in organic wheat flour were higher than those in conventional wheat flour. The cumulative contamination of Fusarium toxins （DON， ZEN）， Alternaria toxins （TeA， AME） and OTA were also observed.

Space robots can adapt to the extreme environment of space, break through the limits of human space exploration, and greatly improve the safety and economy of space operation and control. Moreover, space robots are the core equipment to improve the level of space science and technology, providing important support and a strong guarantee for promoting space industry development. This study elaborates on the great values of developing space robot technology for the autonomous repair and maintenance of spacecraft, which include promoting the construction of strengthening China’s space powerindustry, promoting the development of national defense science and technology, and leading transformative scientific and technological innovation. The progress and development trends of domestic and foreign space robotics technologies in China and abroad are analyzed from the policy, technology, and market perspectives. In addition, technical challenges and problems faced by China are dissected toward the autonomous repair and maintenance of spacecraft. The development system and breakthrough path of China’s space robot technologies for autonomous repair and maintenance of spacecraft are demonstrated based on major national strategic needs, research foundation, and development directions. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) accelerating the implementation of major special projects for on-orbit services (Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030), (2) increasing support for basic research on intelligent operation and control of space robots, (3) accelerating the construction of a government-enterprise-university collaborative innovation mechanism, and (4) strengthening international cooperation to attract foreign science and technology talents to China.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the content of trans fatty acids （TFAs） in common foods sold in Shanghai and the consumption of these foods， and to assess the dietary intake of TFAs and its potential health risks among residents aged 15 years and older in Shanghai.MethodsSix hundred and sixty-four food samples from 11 categories were collected from supermarkets， farmers’ markets， restaurants， and other sampling sites in Shanghai. The TFA content was determined using the standard method GB 5009.257—2016. Combined with food consumption data from the “2013 Shanghai Diet and Health Survey”， the daily TFA intake and energy supply ratio of each individual were calculated using a simple distribution model （deterministic assessment）.ResultsThe average TFA content was highest in vegetable oil （0.7 g/100 g）， followed by milk and dairy products （0.67 g/100 g）. The average TFA contents of beef， mutton， and their products were also high （0.51 g/100 g）. The average TFA intake was 0.34 g/d， and the average energy supply ratio was 0.18%， which is well below the ratio recommended by the World Health Organization （1%）. The TFA energy supply ratio of most residents was in the range of 0.1%-0.3%， with a maximum value of 0.69%. Processed foods accounted for 75.16% of the total intake， with vegetable oil contributing the most at 51.58%.ConclusionVegetable oil is the main source of dietary TFAs for residents aged 15 years and older in Shanghai. The health risks of dietary TFA intake in the population aged over 15 years in Shanghai are very low.

Bimaterial printing of 0.8%(volume fraction)BNNSs/TC4 ink and TC4 ink were carried out by direct ink writing (DIW) to build an inter-layered "interlocked" interface. Dense inter-layered "interlocked" laminated TC4-TiB/TC4 composites reinforced by TiB nanowires were obtained by combining DIW with fast hot pressed sintering (FHPS), and their mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the inter-layered "interlocked" structure is successfully retained after sintering; the inter-layered "interlocked" laminated TC4-TiB/TC4 composites prepared by DIW have an improved strength (by 9.1% to 1206 MPa) while preserving the high toughness compare to the unconfigured 0.4%TiB/TC4 composites with uniform distribution of the reinforcement. The analysis shows that the inter-layered "interlocked" interface deflects the cracks significantly, hinders the crack expansion, and improves the overall material toughness, which provides ideas for forming complex and tough composite components.

Coordination of uranium chemistry by multiligands has attracted attention as a way to obtain unique molecular structures and their possible use in environmental and nuclear waste disposal. In this work, mass spectrum with positive ions ［UO2(N3)n］+(n=0-4) as the dominant peaks generated by laser evaporation of uranium target with N2O as the carrier gas is reported. The associated quantitative calculations are carried out to explore structures and bonding interactions. The calculations show that N3 is bound to UO+2 as a radical and reveal that the bonding interaction in the whole system is found only between the first N3 ligand and uranium atom. Further localized molecular orbital analyses indicate the presence of multi-centered orbital delocalization in the system.

In this study, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) aptamers were covalently coupled on the surface of magnetic beads to prepare aptamer affinity magnetic beads (AAMBs). Furthermore, the AAMBs, incubation solution, washing solution and eluate were pre-encapsulated in reagent strips to develop a single sample pretreatment kit of AFB1. The automatic pretreatment of AFB1 was realized through the automatic mycotoxin purifier. The content of AFB1 in the eluate was determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The preparation conditions of AAMB and the use conditions of AFB1 single sample pretreatment kit were determined by optimizing the particle size of magnetic beads, the indirect arm length of aptamer, the amount of AAMB, and the volume of incubation solution. Recoveries was compared by manual and automatic pretreatment methods. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was 25 pg/mL, and the spiked recoveries at low, medium and high levels in corn and wheat ranged from 92.8% to 110.1%, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra-day precision less than 5.1% and the RSD of 6.7% in term of inter-day precision, which showed good sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability. The results of AFB1 in the national certified reference materials of grain and oil substrates (corn, brown rice, peanut oil and peanut butter) were within their extended uncertainty range. The single sample pretreatment kit developed could automatically complete the pretreatment of 10 samples within 20 min with the aid of mycotoxin automated purification instrument. This method has the advantages of short time, high throughput, small batch-to-batch variation and no need of cold chain storage and transportation. It has a good application prospect in the quantitative detection of mycotoxins, and could lay a foundation for the development of automatic pretreatment methods for other targets.

Uricase (or Urate oxidase), a key enzyme involved in purine metabolism, is commonly used in treating conditions such as gout, hyperuricemia, and tumor lysis syndrome. In this study, a uricase-producing strain (named CSAJ-16) was isolated from the soil sample of Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. This strain was identified as Arthrobacter sp. CSAJ-16. Based on the gene sequence alignment, the uricase gene (named aruox) of Arthrobacter sp. CSAJ-16 was amplified and heterologously expressed. The recombinant uricase (ArUOX) was about 32 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature of ArUOX were pH 7 and 20°C, respectively. The ArUOX remained above 50% relative activity after incubation at 37°C for 100 min or at pH 6.0–8.6 for 24 h. Moreover, metal ions such as K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+ and Pb2+ can significantly enhance the activity of ArUOX (> 200%). These enzymatic properties indicate that ArUOX has potential applications in pharmaceutical enzymes and uric acid detection kits.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of dietary lead exposure in residents aged 15 years and above in Shanghai.MethodsBased on the dietary consumption survey of residents aged 15 years and above in spring 2012 and the monitoring data of food lead contamination in Shanghai from 2020 to 2021， the dietary exposure level was assessed using the point assessment method and compared with the provisional weekly tolerable intake （PTWI） to assess the exposure risk.ResultsThe overall detection rate of lead in 9 commonly consumed food categories by residents in Shanghai was 56.82%， with a total excess rate of 0.23%. The average weekly dietary lead exposure （by body weight） of residents was 2.979 4 μg·kg⁻¹. The top three dietary lead contributing factors were vegetables （30.69%）， cereals （28.88%）， and aquatic products （11.12%）. The average weekly dietary lead exposure （by body weight） of residents in urban， suburban， and rural areas were 3.282 5， 2.979 5 and 2.478 0 μg·kg⁻¹， respectively. The food with the highest contribution rate of dietary lead exposure in these regions was vegetables， with contribution rates of 33.65%， 29.69%， and 25.22%， respectively. The average weekly dietary lead exposure （by body weight） of male and female residents was 3.077 7 and 2.881 5 μg·kg⁻¹， respectively， with vegetables being the main source of dietary lead， contributing 30.03% and 31.39%， respectively. The average weekly dietary lead exposure （by body weight） of residents aged 15‒， 45‒， and ≥60 years old was 3.084 2， 3.009 9 and 2.874 4 μg·kg⁻¹， respectively. The food with the highest contribution rate of dietary lead exposure in these groups was vegetables， contributing 27.12%， 32.10%， and 32.26%， respectively.ConclusionThe dietary lead exposure of Shanghai residents aged 15 years and above is at an acceptable level， and the vegetables， cereals， and aquatic products with high contribution rates need to be supervised more closely.

Abstract Background We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the predictive and prognostic ability of the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) staging system and compare it with pathological N (pN) classification and the ratio-based lymph node system (rN) for the overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer (GC). Methods Through a systematic review till March 7, 2022, we identified population-based studies that reported the prognostic effects of LODDS in patients with GC. We compare the predictive effectiveness of the LODDS staging system with that of the rN and pN classification systems for the OS of GC. Results Twelve studies comprising 20,312 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that LODDS1, LODDS2, LODDS3, and LODDS4 in GC patients were correlated with poor OS compared with LODDS0 (LODDS1 vs. LODDS0: HR = 1.62, 95% CI (1.42, 1.85); LODDS2 vs. LODDS0: HR = 2.47, 95% CI (2.02, 3.03); LODDS3 vs. LODDS0: HR = 3.15, 95% CI (2.50, 3.97); LODDS4 vs. LODDS0: HR = 4.55, 95% CI (3.29, 6.29)). Additionally, significant differences in survival were observed among patients with different LODDS classifications (all P-values were

BackgroundBaseline serological biomarkers have the potential to predict the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. However, the fluctuating nature of postoperative recurrence risk makes precise treatment challenging. We aimed to develop a risk score in real-time predicting outcomes for postoperative GC patients using blood chemistry tests.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective, multicentre, longitudinal cohort study from three cancer centres in China, with a total of 2737 GC patients in the pTNM stage Ib to III. Among them, 1651 patients with at least two serological records were assigned to the training cohort. Model validation was carried out using separate testing data with area under curve (AUC). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest-recursive feature elimination (RF-RFE) algorithm were used to select the parameters.ResultsThe Cox regression model derived six risk factors to construct a composite score (low-risk: 0-2 score; high risk: 3-6 score), including CEA, CA125, CA199, haemoglobin, albumin, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. The risk score accurately predicted mortality in 1000-time bootstrap (AUROCs:0.658; 95% CI: 0.645, 0.670), with the highest AUROC (0.767; 95% CI: 0.743, 0.791) after 1 year since the gastrectomy. In validation dataset, the risk score had an AUROC of 0.586 (95% CI 0.544, 0.628). Furthermore, patients with high risk at 1 month derived significant clinical benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy (P for interaction

This study develops a financial performance evaluation system for S Group, employing a collaborative filtering algorithm to address the limitations inherent in traditional financial performance evaluation methodologies. Improvements have been made to the similarity measure method, data imputation technique, and rating prediction approach within the model. Subsequently, the financial status of S Group is scrutinized, with a thorough exploration of the input and output indicators, leading to the calculation of the efficiency values within the financial indicator system. Through sensitivity analysis, this research investigates the impact of input and output indicators on the outcomes derived from collaborative filtering. Based on the study, recommendations are formulated in alignment with the evaluation outcomes. The findings reveal that the average comprehensive efficiency of S Group over the past decade is 0.772, with a median comprehensive efficiency of 0.788, indicative of a robust financial condition. This research provides a valuable reference for the formulation of financial performance evaluation systems and the analysis of financial performance across various industries.

AbstractObjective To observe the characteristics of a new extracorporeal high intensity focused ultrasound transducer, titled Haifu system JCQ-B, and to compare its safety and efficacy for breast ablation with the standard Haifu system JC transducer.Materials and methods Ox liver with pig skin and pork ribs were prepared in a semi-sphere shape, served as in vitro acoustic model. The udders of female goats were used as in vivo acoustic model. Both in vitro and in vivo models were ablated by either JCQ-B or JC transducer. The morphology of biological focal region (BFR), the coagulative necrosis volume, and the temperature increase were observed and compared.Results The BFR morphology of JCQ-B transducer was circular both in vitro and in vivo, with a length-width ratio close to one. Under the same sonication parameters (sonication power, time and depth in tissue), coagulation necrosis volume caused by JCQ-B transducer was larger than that caused by JC transducer both in vitro and in vivo. The increase in temperature in the near and far acoustic pathways with JCQ-B transducer was significantly lower than that of JC transducer in vitro. After receiving high sonication energy during in vivo experimentation, there were no complications observed after the ablation of JCQ-B transducer, while small skin damage was observed after the ablation of JC transducer.Conclusions The JCQ-B transducer improved the safety and efficacy of treatment by optimizing BFR morphology and ablation efficiency, which could be applied in the treatment of breast tumor.

【Objective】 Transplant is a cultivation commonly used in ratooning rice production in southern China and other eastern Asian countries. Its impact on rice growth and yield depends on a range of factors. This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of transplanting density on yield composition of different panicle-typed varieties. 【Method】 The field experiment compared three rice varieties: Tianyou Huazhan, Huiliangyou 898 and Yliangyou 900. The transplanting density treatments for all three varieties were the same: 1.5×104 points/hm2 (D1), 187 500 points/hm2 (D2), 225 000 points/hm2 (D3), 262 500 points/hm2 (D4), 300 000 points/hm2 (D5), and 337 500 points/hm2 (D6). In the experiment, we measured rice growth and its ultimate yield formation in each treatment. 【Result】 Transplanting density affected composition of both seasonal and annual rice yields significantly, but the effect varied with rice varieties. There was a lack of variety-planting density interaction on the yield. The variety Huiliangyou 898 had the highest seasonal and annual yields, strong coordination ability among yield factors, high seed setting rate; variety Tianyou Huazhan had strong tillering ability, high ear-setting rate and full panicle numbers per unit area. All these were significantly higher than those of the variety YLY900. The variety YLY900 had fast population growth rate and high grain numbers per panicle, but its tillering ability was poor, and ear-setting rate and low harvest index were low; it hence produced the lowest seasonal and annual yields. On average, the optimal transplanting density for the three varieties was D5, producing highest seasonal and annual yields, faster tillering rate and more tillers per unit area; it also significantly increased the panicle numbers and sink capacity, population growth rate, and dry matter accumulation. 【Conclusion】 Selecting rice varieties with panicle and grain for the initial season in ratooning rice production should consider its tillering ability to achieve high yield. For the three rice varieties we compared, the optimal transplanting density is 300 000 holes/hm2.

With the flourishing of location-based social networks,users’mobile behavior data has been greatly enriched,which promotes the research on user identification based on spatio-temporal data.User identification in cross-location social networks emphasizes learning the correlation between time and space sequences of different platforms,aiming at discovering the accounts registered by the same user on different platforms.In order to solve the problems of data sparsity,low quality and spatio-temporal mismatch faced by existing researches,a recognition algorithm UI-STDD combining bidirectional spatio-temporal dependence and spatio-temporal distribution is proposed.The algorithm mainly consists of three modules:the space-time sequence module is combined with the bidirectional long short-term memory network of paired attention to describe user movement patterns;the time preference module defines the user personalized mode from coarse and fine granularity;the spatial location module mines local and global information of location points to quantify spatial proximity.Based on the user trajectory pair features obtained by the above modules,a multi-layer feedforward network is used in UI-STDD to distinguish whether two accounts across the network corres-pond to the same person in real life.To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of UI-STDD,experiments are carried out on three publicly available datasets.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the user identification rate based on spatio-temporal data,and the average F1 value is more than 10% higher than the optimal comparison method.

Abstract Introduction For effective preventive strategies against GORD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease), we assessed the GORD burden from 1990 to 2019. Methods The burden of GORD between 1990 and 2019 was evaluated globally, regionally, and nationally. Using ASIR (age-standardized incidence), ASYLDs (age-standardized years lived with disabilitys), we compared them to the GBD world population per 100,000. The estimates were based on 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The AAPC (average annual percent change) in incidence, YLDs, along with prevalence rates with associated 95% CIs were estimated. Results Data to estimate the burden of GORD are scarce till now. The global ASIR of GORD in 2019 was 3792.79 per 100,000, an increase AAPC of 0.112% from 1990. The prevalence of GORD increased with a AAPC of 0.096% to 9574.45 per 100,000. Global ASYLDs in 2019 was 73.63, an increase AAPC of 0.105% from 1990. The GORD burden varies greatly depending on the development level and geographical location. USA demonstrated the most obvious decreasing trend in burden of GORD, while Sweden had an increasing trend. That the increase in GORD YLDs was mediated primarily by the growth and aging of population, was revealed by decomposition analyses. There was an inverse relationship between SDI (socio-demographic index) and GORD-burden. Frontier analyses revealed significant scope of improvement in the status of development at all levels. Conclusion GORD is a public health challenge, especially in Latin America. Some SDI quintiles had declining rates, while some countries experienced increased rates. Thus, resources should be allocated for preventative measures based on country-specific estimates.

Micro-scale positioning techniques have become essential in numerous engineering systems. In the field of fluid mechanics, particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) stands out as a key method for tracking individual particles and reconstructing flow fields. Here, we present an overview of the micro-scale particle tracking methodologies that are predominantly employed for particle detection and flow field reconstruction. It covers various methods, including conventional and data-driven techniques. The advanced techniques, which combine developments in microscopy, photography, image processing, computer vision, and artificial intelligence, are making significant strides and will greatly benefit a wide range of scientific and engineering fields.

ObjectiveTo learn the epidemiological features of foodborne diseases， and to provide scientific basis for disease control.MethodsThe monitoring data of foodborne diseases in Minhang from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed. Stool or swab specimens were collected to detect salmonella， Vibrio parahaemolyticus， Escherichia coli， Shigella， Campylobacter jejuni and norovirus.ResultsThe information of 15 951 foodborne disease cases and 11 176 samples were collected， with the positive rate of 12.03%.The cases with diarrhea accounted for 99.90% of the total. The cases with fever accounted for 14.70% of the total. The cases with water stool accounted for 89.70% of the total. May to October were the epidemic periods of foodborne diseases in Minhang（79.78%）. The detection rate was the highest in the 30‒39 age group and cadre staff occupation（13.53%，13.49%）. The detection rates of foodborne bacteria and virus were 5.39% （Vibrio parahaemolyticus）， 3.25% （salmonella），1.44% （norovirus）， 1.06%（Escherichia coli）， 0.56% （Campylobacter jejuni）， 0.34% （mixed infection） and 0% （Shigella）. During this 5-year period， the positive rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus decreased significantly， while the positive rate of salmonella and Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni increased significantly. The main suspected food were aquatic products （29.44%）， meat （25.80%） and fruits （10.78%）. The main processing methods of suspected food were family workshop （41.12%） and restaurants （37.55%）. The total detection rate of the cases was the highest in the canteen， reaching 20.51%.ConclusionFoodborne disease cases have a seasonal peak. The positive detection of pathogens tends to be similar year by year. The main suspected food is aquatic products. The main resources of suspected food are family workshop， restaurants， and canteen. Targeted health education， supervision and management should be taken to prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases and the outbreak of food poisoning

Targeted at the harmful effects of garment image retrieval at present, a new approach of garment image retrieval featured in satisfactory performance is proposed. In this study, the Grab Cut auto segmentation algorithm is applied first to segment garment images and extract the image’s foreground. And then, the color coherence vector (CCV) and the dominant color method are adopted to extract the color features to conduct garment image retrieval. The experimental data show that the Grab Cut auto segmentation algorithm is capable of extracting the foreground of garment images with either simple or complex background. Meanwhile, the data also indicate that compared with the garment image retrieval by extracting color features using CCV, extracting color features by dominating color method shows both higher accuracy and recall rates.

By contrasting the main indexes of maize quality standards in China, the United States, Australia and Canada, which are the representative countries in APEC and combined with the actual test results of samples analysis, it is expected to provide a reference for the interconnection of international maize trade standards. The maize quality standards of these four countries all take the unit weight, impurities and imperfect grains (damaged grains) as the main indicators of maize grading. In terms of quota setting, the characteristics of domestic maize circulation are fully considered, and the indicator systems have their own distinctive characteristics based on their own corn production, storage and trade practices. The indicator systems have their own distinctive characteristics, including the definition of maize unit weight, imperfect grains, impurities and other indicators, measuring instruments, measuring methods and quality requirements. When the same samples were tested and judged by different standards, the quality results and quality grades were different, leading to the results being lack of comparability. It is suggested that strengthen communication and coordination among international peers, unify terms and definitions, testing instruments, testing methods should be included to improve trade efficiency, reduce trade costs and promote trade facilitation of maize in the international maize trade and circulation.

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that marital status is associated with survival in patients with a variety of cancer types, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer. However, to date, the impact of marital status on the survival of patients with retroperitoneal liposarcomas (RPLs) has not been established. Methods A total of 1211 eligible patients diagnosed with RPLs were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The relationships between marital status and survival in patients with RPLs were assessed. Patients were stratified by age to determine whether an association exists between marital status and age. We also probed the association between marital status and survival in males and females. Results Our findings suggest that divorced, separated, or widowed patients have more advanced cancer stages, and more of these patients do not undergo surgery. Meanwhile, divorced, separated, or widowed patients have worse survival outcomes than married patients (overall survival (OS): HR = 1.66 (95% CI, 1.12, 2.46)); cancer‐specific survival (CSS): HR = 1.90 (95% CI, 1.13, 3.19)). OS does not differ between single patients and married patients (HR = 1.21 [95% CI, 0.81, 1.81]) or CSS (HR = 1.36 [95% CI, 0.80, 2.29]). In addition, these results demonstrate that being divorced, separated, or widowed can play a significant detrimental role in mortality in older and female patients. Conclusion Married patients have earlier disease stages at diagnosis and better survival outcomes than divorced, separated, or widowed patients with RPLs. In addition, this effect is especially pronounced in older people and females.

Photoreceptors in the nucleus control plastid transcription by utilizing sigma factors as nucleus-to-plastid signals in parallel with the light regulation of nuclear photosynthesis genes.

There are some shortcomings for Xinjiang Naan prepared by traditional process. In this paper, Naan was prepared by oven. The amino acid composition, flavor substances and infrared spectra of self- made electric oven Naan were investigated, and compared to the commercial Naan. The experimental results showed that there were 17 kinds of amino acids in all samples, and the total amino acid content of self-made Naan was higher than that of commercial naan (P

2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a characteristic aroma component in rice, directly affects the quality and price of rice. Therefore, the research on the accurate detection method of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline is of great significance to clarify the aroma mechanism, improve the quality and promote import and export trade for rice. This paper reviews current major pretreatment methods, detection technologies by GC, GC-MS, GC-O-MS, GC-TOF-MS, and HPLC-MS/MS, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and the research progress of the formation mechanism of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, aiming to provide reference for the accurate detection of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and the improvement of rice quality.

ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination and drug-resistant distribution of Salmonella in poultry meat in Shanghai and conduct a quantitative risk assessment.MethodsAccording to the method of microbiological risk assessment， the risk assessment of Salmonella in poultry meat was carried out by four steps： hazard identification， hazard characterization， exposure assessment and risk characterization. The data for hazard identification and hazard characterization were derived from published scientific literatures and reports. Combining quantitative data of Salmonella with residents’ consumption data of poultry meat， a Beta-Poisson dose-response model and Monte Carlo simulation method were applied to analyze the health risk.ResultsThe contamination rate of Salmonella in poultry meat was 13.0% （68/522） in Shanghai and about 78.2% （43/55） of the isolates showed antimicrobial resistance. The resistance rate to ampicillin， tetracycline and ampicillin/sulbactam was over 30%. The multiple drug resistance rate was 43.6% （24/55）. Estimated probability of infectious illness was 8.32×10-5. That indicated the number of illnesses might reach 25 339 cases every year， of which 19 815 were infected by drug-resistant strains and 11 048 were infected by multi-drug-resistant strains. Sensitivity analysis showed that the initial contamination concentration， consumption per serving and two cross-contamination parameters had greater impact.ConclusionA high level antimicrobial resistance was found among Salmonella isolates from poultry meat in Shanghai， so was the multi-drug resistance condition. The risk of Salmonella in poultry meat is relatively high for Shanghai population， and cross-contamination is one of the main factors.

Wireless delivery of both light and pharmacological agents is important for optogenetic and other mechanistic experiments in the brain. Here the authors present a wireless real-time programmable optofluidic platform that enables optogenetics and photopharmacology experiments that require real-time precise control of light and drug delivery.

Abstract Notch ligands are expression changes in a great many malignancies including gastric cancer (GC) frequently. The prognostic value of each Notch ligands in GC patients remains lack of large sample data results. In present research, we researched the prognostic value of Notch ligands in GC patients in order to fill the shortage areas. We used an online database ( http://kmplot.com/analysis/index.php?p=service&cancer=gastric ) to identify the relationship between mRNA expression of each Notch ligand and overall survival (OS) in GC. We analyze the relevance of overall survival and clinical data which includes gender, Lauren's classification, differentiation, clinical stage and treatment. The study found that high DLL1, DLL3, DLL4 and JAG2 mRNA expression were tied to worse OS in all GC patients followed up for 10 years. There is no significant relevance to the expression of JAG1 mRNA and OS in patients with GC. We also did a survey of each Notch ligands in different clinical and pathological features present different prognosis. The information will help to better understand the biology of gastric cancer heterogeneity, provide more accurate prognostic evaluation tools and provide new targets for targeted drug development besides.

There is a growing awareness of the importance of financial education and literacy in personal economic success, yet not many Generation Z are proficient in this area. The lack of understanding can lead to consequences such as not recognizing the need for greater retirement savings, making poor spending decisions, or when overpaying off high-interest debt. In addition, many of the studies on financial education and literacy among Generation Z remain untapped in the context of China. As a result, the researcher emphasizes the evidence by mining data from the Web of Science database and analyzing the data using bibliometrics and content analysis. Contemporary research on financial education and literacy in the web of science has discovered that it is trending strongly across fields like environmental science, healthcare, energy, and economics, according to bibliometric data. Further investigation has uncovered the important writers, journal sources, and universities in China that are creating such knowledge. Subsequently, the content analysis on the focused area has yielded results related to recent findings from key authors, and how their studies describe the socio-demographic and psychological behavior of Generation Zs. As an implication, China’s academic research reveals that Generation Zs’ subjective and objective financial education may be absorbed into their financial self-beliefs, which affects how they handle their finances. Thus, financial education is instrumental to help them set clear financial goals and plan for the future.

The development of photocatalysts for organic degradation is a hot research topic. In this study, CdZnS was selected as the carrier, and ZIF-8 was combined with it to explore the photocatalytic performance of the composite. In addition, the compound material, CdZnS@ZIF-8, was used as a photocatalyst for the decomposition of methylene blue dye, and the performance of pure CdZnS and pure ZIF-8 was compared. The photocatalytic efficiency of CdZnS@ZIF-8 was significantly higher than that of the other two. In the experimental reaction, the amount of catalyst was 0.04 g, the pH value was 7, the initial concentration of methylene blue aqueous solution was 20 mg/L, and the degradation of methylene blue in 50 mL aqueous solution could reach 99.5% under visible light irradiation for 90 min, showing excellent photocatalytic efficiency in the visible light range. It demonstrated excellent photocatalytic function in the visible light region, and the electron transfer phenomenon at the interface occurred in the het-junction and the separation of the photo-generating electron–hole as an electron acceptor of ZIF-8 further promoted the photocatalytic effect.

ObjectiveTo analyze the research status of forensic medicine in China from 2010 to 2019, obtain the development trend of forensic medicine and explore the hotspots and research frontiers.MethodsThe forensic medical academic papers published on China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） database from 2010 to 2019 were collected. CiteSpace 5.7.R1, an information visualization analysis software, was used to analyze publication organizations, authors, keywords, and other elements.ResultsThe majority of the research institutions were universities, provincial and ministerial scientific research and forensic institutions. Forensic pathology was still an important branch of forensic medicine and a popular research direction. The “polymorphism” and “Y chromosome” had been the research hotspots in recent years. “Medical damage” and “standard” were the most novel studies.ConclusionIn order to provide scientific basis and research direction for forensic research, this paper analyzes the cooperation network, research hotspots and research innovation in forensic research.

In order to meet the needs of rapid quantitative detection of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in grains, this paper takes fumonisin B1 as the research object, and creates a rapid quantitative detection card of FB1 on the basis of time-resolved fluorescent nanospheres, with no need to adjust the PH of samples before detection. The detection performance of the detection card in grains (rice, corn, wheat) was analyzed and compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and high performance liquid chromatography. The LOD for different samples was in the range of 35.37~37.17 μg/kg, and the LOQ was 117.9~123.9 μg/kg, which meant good sensitivity; the linear range was 250~6 000 μg/kg, while the correlation coefficient R2 was in the range of 0.997 2~0.999 5; the spiking recoveries at 6 spiked levels in different samples were in the range of 83.38%~114.66%, with the coefficient of variation (CV) less than 15%, which meant good accuracy and repeatability. When the national standard liquid chromatography and FB1 fluorescence quantitative rapid detection card simultaneously detects different samples contaminated by FB1, the coincidence of the detection results was in the ranger of 92.53%~106.26%, with the CV less than 10.37%. The cross-reaction rate of other five common mycotoxins was less than 5%. Meanwhile, the difference between the spiked concentration and their average detected concentration was extremely significant, indicating good specificity. Hence, the FB1 fluorescence quantitative detection card prepared in this study could meet the needs of on-site rapid quantitative detection of fumonisin B1 in grains.

ObjectiveTo provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli （DEC） infection， the epidemiological characteristics of DEC infection in Shanghai was identified.MethodsThe epidemiological information of the collected diarrhea cases and the DEC test results from 30 foodborne disease surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shanghai from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological methods.ResultsAccording to the result of 13 672 infectious diarrhea cases and specimens， the positive rate of DEC was 5.71% （781/13 672）， mainly ETEC and EAEC. The highest positive rate of DEC was often associated with child below the age of 7 and the farmers， and the highest positive rate of DEC was occurred between July and September. Compared with other patients， the positive rate of DEC in patients with fever and no vomiting or diarrhea 3-9 times/d was significantly higher. The positive rate of DEC was relatively high in cases with suspected food category of fruit and its products.ConclusionETEC and EAEC were the main virulence genotyping of DEC in Shanghai， and the peak of DEC infection occurred in summer. Specific clinical symptoms could play as indications for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The supervision and management of catering service industry and street food should be improved， and the publicity and training of public food safety awareness and good food safety habits should be strengthened.

ObjectiveTo verify the potential food safety hazards and provide a scientific basis for risk assessment， risk management and food safety standards formulation of ready-to-eat （RTE） food in Shanghai.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2020， 10 521 food samples of 20 kinds of RTE foods were collected in Shanghai. A series of qualitative or quantitative detection of two hygienic indicator bacteria and six pathogenic bacteria， including the aerobic plate count （APC）， Escherichia coli （E.coli） count， Vibrio parahaemolyticus （V. parahaemolyticus）， Staphylococcus aureus， Diarrheagenic E. coli， Salmonella spp.， Bacillus cereus （B. cereus）， and Listeria monocytogenes （L. monocytogenes） were conducted. and the correlation between them was analyzed.ResultsThe highest average APC count of cold rice noodle products， salad and Chinese salad were （5.13±1.43）lgCFU/g， （4.56±1.13）lgCFU/g， （4.26±1.75）lgCFU/g， and the E. coli count were （1.20±1.00）lgCFU/g， （1.47±1.41）lgCFU/g and （1.18±1.06）lgCFU/g. The positive rates of L. monocytogenes in cold pot skewers， salad， Chinese salad and cooked meat products were relatively high （6.27%， 3.36%， 2.71% and 2.69%， respectively）. V. parahaemolyticus was only detected in three categories， including 3.65% of raw animal aquatic products， 2.58% of Chinese salad and 0.42% of cooked meat products. The positive rate of B. cereus in rice noodle products was 7.51%， which was significant higher than sushi， whose rate was 0.53% （P

Halide perovskite metasurfaces are attracting increasing interest for applications in light-emitting and display technologies. To access the wide range of colors required for these applications, the main mechanism exploited thus far has been chemical engineering of the perovskite compounds – this constitutes a significant limitation for the dynamic switching of optical response desirable in actual devices. Here we demonstrate polarization-dependent, dynamic control of structural color and emission wavelength in an all-dielectric phase-change halide perovskite nanograting metasurface, by temperature tuning. This is underpinned by the significant change in the perovskite optical constants which accompanies its phase-transition around room temperature. The functionalities demonstrated in our work bearing potential for applications in light-emitting devices, displays and spatial-light-modulators.

PurposeMost studies on olfactory function in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have not distinguished between the different subtypes or between the acute phase (mania or depression) and euthymic state. In this study, we compared olfactory function among BD patients with different subtypes and episodes to explore the potential use of olfactory function as a biomarker for the early identification of BD.Patients and methodsThe study sample consisted of 117 BD patients who were hospitalized between April 2019 and June 2019, and 47 healthy volunteers as controls. The BD patients were divided into a bipolar I disorder (BD I) (n = 86) and bipolar II disorder (BD II) group (n = 31) according to the different subtypes, and divided into depressive BD (n = 36), manic BD (n = 44), or euthymic BD (n = 37) groups according to the types of episodes they experienced. We assessed olfactory sensitivity (OS) and olfactory identification (OI) via the Sniffin’ Sticks test and used the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS) to evaluate BD characteristics among all subjects.ResultsCompared with controls, the participants with BD showed decreased OS and OI. We found statistically significant differences in OS and OI between the BD I group and controls, as well as differences in OS between the BD I and BD II group. Least-significant difference multiple comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in OS between the depressive BD group, manic BD group and controls and also between the manic BD and euthymic BD group. OI was positively correlated with the YMRS score in the BD I group and OS was negatively correlated with the HAMD score in the BD II group.ConclusionThis may be the first study to compare olfactory function in patients with BD I vs. BD II via pairwise comparisons. Our findings suggest that OS may have potential as a biomarker for distinguishing the different subtypes of BD and as a state-related biomarker for differentiating the acute phase from the euthymic state of BD. However, further prospective research is warranted.

Summary: The coordination of chloroplast and nuclear genome status is critical for plant cell function. Here, we report that Arabidopsis CHLOROPLAST AND NUCLEUS DUAL-LOCALIZED PROTEIN 1 (CND1) maintains genome stability in the chloroplast and the nucleus. CND1 localizes to both compartments, and complete loss of CND1 results in embryo lethality. Partial loss of CND1 disturbs nuclear cell-cycle progression and photosynthetic activity. CND1 binds to nuclear pre-replication complexes and DNA replication origins and regulates nuclear genome stability. In chloroplasts, CND1 interacts with and facilitates binding of the regulator of chloroplast genome stability WHY1 to chloroplast DNA. The defects in nuclear cell-cycle progression and photosynthesis of cnd1 mutants are respectively rescued by compartment-restricted CND1 localization. Light promotes the association of CND1 with HSP90 and its import into chloroplasts. This study provides a paradigm of the convergence of genome status across organelles to coordinately regulate cell cycle to control plant growth and development.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological features of foodborne disease outbreaks in Shanghai and to find the risk factors.MethodsWe collected the data of foodborne disease outbreaks occurred in Shanghai between 2010 and 2020， analyzed the characteristics of outbreaks， including time and geographic distribution， pathogenic factors and possible reasons caused outbreaks.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2020， there were 108 foodborne disease outbreaks with 1 736 cases， 45 inpatient cases and 1 death. May to September was the epidemic period， with about 64.81% of the outbreak occurrence. 39.81% outbreaks occurred in Pudong， Songjiang and Chongming Districts. Most outbreaks occurred in small restaurants （25%） and most foodborne cases were in staff canteen outbreaks （27.53%）. The main possible reasons caused outbreaks were improper food storage （19.44%）， cross-contamination （14.81%） and improper cooking （12.04%）. The major pathogenic factor was biological， caused 75.92% outbreaks and 77.59% cases. Methanol poisoning caused 1 death. The main contaminated food caused outbreaks was meat （17.59%）， multiple food （12.04%） and aquatic products （11.11%）.ConclusionThe foodborne disease outbreaks in Shanghai caused inpatient cases and death. We should pay more attention to foodborne disease outbreaks and we can control the risk factors by strengthening supervision and carrying out health education to reduce foodborne disease outbreaks.

ObjectiveTo provide basic data of daily dietary intake from various food categories as well as in different regions， seasons， genders， and age groups in Shanghai residents aged 15 and over.MethodsMultistage stratified proportional probability sampling （PPS） was used to extract the samples， and food frequency questionnaire （FFQ） was used to investigate the dietary intake of the subjects in four seasons from 2012 to 2013. The weighted statistical analysis of the samples comprehensively considered the sampling design weights， the stratified adjustment weights， and the non-response adjustment weights.ResultsThe total daily dietary intake （excluding drinking water） of residents aged 15 years and above was 1 174.71 g， and the highest three daily dietary intake categories were cereals （252.31 g）， vegetables （205.36 g） and fruits （141.00 g）. The total daily dietary intake of the residents in the urban area， the suburban area and the rural area was 1 209.15 g， 1 172.27 g and 948.50 g， respectively， and the total daily dietary intake in the outer suburb area was significantly lower than that in other areas （F=74.12，P