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To investigate the values of 10-m drag coefficient (CD) in different coastal areas under the influence of tropical cyclones, the present study used the observational data from four towers in different coastal areas of the South China Sea (SCS) during six tropical cyclone (TC) passages, and employed the eddy covariance method and the flux profile method. The analysis of footprint showed that the fluxes at Zhizai Island (ZZI), Sanjiao Island (SJI) and Donghai Island (DHI) were influenced basically by the ocean, and the flux at Shangyang Town (SYT) was influenced mainly by the land. The results showed that the dependence relationships of CD on 10-m wind speed (U10) in four different coastal areas under the influence of TCs were different. CD at ZZI and SJI initially increased and then decreased as U10 increased, similar to the pattern over the ocean. CD at ZZI and SJI represented the values over shallow water with seawater depths of ~7 m and ~2 m, respectively. Moreover, the critical wind speed at which CD peaked gradually decreased as the seawater depth became shallower in the coastal areas. CD at DHI and SYT decreased monotonously as U10 increased, similar to the pattern over the land. CD at DHI represented the value over the transition zone from shallow water to coastal land, and CD at SYT represented the value over the coastal land. Meanwhile, the eddy covariance method and the flux profile method were compared at ZZI and SYT during TC passages. It was found that their CD values obtained by the two methods were close. Finally, the parameterizations of observed u* and CD as a function of U10 over four different coastal areas were given under the influence of high winds. These parameterizations of observed CD may be used in high-resolution numerical models for landfalling TC forecast.

Background: A chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was first established and validated for the synchronous determination of curcumin(CUR) and paclitaxel (PTX) in this study. Objective: An LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Paclitaxel and Curcumin. Methods: The analytes were extracted with methanol, and docetaxel was used as the internal standard (IS). The analytes and the IS were separated on a C18 (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 3.5 µm) column with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid solution and methanol (80:20, v/v). The flow velocity of the mobile phase was 0.5 mL/min. And then, the method was applied to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of CUR and PTX in rats. Results: The calibration curves were linear within the concentration ranges of 2–1000 ng/mL for PTX and 5–500 ng/mL for CUR, the mean extraction recoveries and matrix effects of PTX, CUR, and the IS were within an acceptable range. The apparent volume of distribution of PTX was different between the group of administration of PTX and the group of co-administration with CUR and PTX. Conclusion: A sensitive and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the synchronous determination of PTX and CUR in rat plasma, CUR increased the apparent volume of distribution of PTX when CUR and PTX were co-administered.

Additional file 7:. Easy-siRNA design; Infection was performed at different MOIs. According to the efficiency of cell transduction, an MOI with a high infection efficiency that yielded a good cell status was selected. In ATDC5 cells at 70–80% confluence, optimal infection was achieved with HiTransG P and an MOI of approximately 10.

Additional file 3:. Expression levels of GH in the pituitaries of Debao ponies and Mongolian horses.

Additional file 6:. Expression levels of IGF-1 in the livers of Debao ponies and Mongolian horses.

Additional file 10:. Primary culture of horse BMSCs; electrophoresis of osteoblast marker genes, differentiation of osteoblasts, and Alizarin red (a and b) and Alcian blue (c and d) staining of horse induced BMSCs at day 28.

Additional file 8:. GHR-RNAi expression in ATDC5 cells.

Additional file 2:. Sample correlation between tissues of Debao ponies and tissues of Mongolian horses.

Additional file 5:. Expression of the GH protein in the pituitaries and long bones of Debao ponies and Mongolian horses.

Additional file 9:. Detection of apoptosis by annexin V-APC staining.

Additional file 4:. Expression levels of GHR in the long bones of Debao ponies and Mongolian horses.