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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpes virus with a long replication cycle. HCMV encoded long non-coding RNA termed RNA2.7 is the dominant transcript with a length of about 2.5kb, accounting for 25% of total viral transcripts. Studies have shown that HCMV RNA2.7 inhibits apoptosis caused by infection. The effect of RNA2.7 on other forms of cell death is still unclear. In this work, we found that RNA2.7 deletion significantly decreased the viability of HCMV-infected cells, while treatment with ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 rescued the infection-induced cell death, demonstrating an anti-ferroptosis role of RNA2.7. The results further showed that RNA2.7 inhibited ferroptosis via enhancing Ferritin Heavy Chain 1 (FTH1) and Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11) expression in Erastin treated cells without involving other viral components. Pooled Genome-wide CRISPR screening revealed zinc finger protein 395 (ZNF395) as a new regulator repressing the expression of FTH1 and SLC7A11. HCMV RNA2.7 promoted proteasome-mediated degradation of ZNF395 that resulted in upregulation of FTH1 and SLC7A11 to inhibit ferroptosis, therefore maintain survival in host cells and complete replication of virus. Author summary: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exhibits a latency that persists throughout life following the primary infection. Approximately 0.6% of newborns are HCMV-congenitally infected, 20–25% of which are symptomatic at birth or will develop long-term sequelae with a substantial public health impact. HCMV is slow-replicating virus that maintains the survival of the host cell to ensure virus replication. Several HCMV encoded proteins have been found to inhibit apoptosis and necroptosis following viral infection. However, the role of HCMV in other types of programmed cell death such as ferroptosis has not been clarified. In this study, we found that HCMV RNA2.7 inhibited ferroptosis independent on other viral components. Then we tried to explore how RNA2.7 inhibit ferroptosis and found RNA2.7 effectively increased ferritin and GSH contents to dampen ferroptosis. However, the regulation of RNA2.7 on ferritin and GSH contents was not depend on any previously reported regulators. Therefore, a pooled genome-wide CRISPR was employed and ZNF395 was determined as a newly regulator that promoted ferroptosis. Then, we confirmed that HCMV RNA2.7 promoted proteasome-mediated degradation of ZNF395 that resulted in upregulation of FTH1 and SLC7A11 to inhibit ferroptosis, therefore maintain survival in host cells and complete replication of virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eukaryotic ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of four types of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and approximately 80 ribosomal proteins (RPs), forming the 40S and 60S subunits. In all living cells, its primary function is to produce proteins by converting messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptides. In addition to their canonical role in protein synthesis, RPs are crucial in controlling vital cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, cellular proliferation, differentiation, DNA damage repair, genome structure maintenance, and the cellular stress response. Viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, depend completely on the machinery of the host cell for their replication and survival. During viral infection, RPs have been demonstrated to perform a variety of extra-ribosomal activities, which are especially important in viral disease processes. These functions cover a wide range of activities, ranging from controlling inflammatory responses and antiviral immunity to promoting viral replication and increasing viral pathogenicity. Deciphering the regulatory mechanisms used by RPs in response to viral infections has greatly expanded our understanding of their functions outside of the ribosome. Furthermore, these findings highlight the promising role of RPs as targets for the advancement of antiviral therapies and the development of novel antiviral approaches. This review comprehensively examines the many functions of RPs outside of the ribosome during viral infections and provides a foundation for future research on the host–virus interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a multi‐degree of freedom bionic crocodile robot designed to tackle the challenge of cleaning pollutants and debris from the surfaces of narrow, shallow rivers. The robot mimics the "death roll" motion of crocodiles which is a technique used for object disintegration. First, the design incorporated a swinging tail mechanism using a multi‐section oscillating guide‐bar mechanism. By analyzing three‐, four‐, and five‐section tail structures, the four‐section tail was identified as the most effective structure, offering optimal strength and swing amplitude. Each section of the tail can reach maximum swing angles of 8.05°, 20.95°, 35.09°, and 43.84°, respectively, under a single motor's drive. Next, the robotic legs were designed with a double parallelogram mechanism, facilitating both crawling and retracting movements. In addition, the mouth employed a double‐rocker mechanism for efficient closure and locking, achieving an average torque of 5.69 N m with a motor torque of 3.92 N m. Moreover, the robotic body was designed with upper and lower segment structures and waterproofing function was also considered. Besides, the kinematic mechanism and mechanical properties of the bionic crocodile structure were analyzed from the perspectives of modeling and field tests. The results demonstrated an exceptional kinematic performance of the bionic crocodile robot, effectively replicating the authentic movement characteristics of a crocodile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBiofilms are microbial communities nested in self-secreted extracellular polymeric substances that can provide microorganisms with strong tolerance and a favorable living environment. Deepening the understanding and research on positive effects of microbial biofilms is consequently necessary, since most researches focuses on how to control biofilms formation to reduce food safety issues. This paper highlights beneficial roles of biofilms including the formation mechanism, influencing factors, health benefits, strategies to improve its film-forming efficiency, as well as applications especially in fields of food industry, agriculture and husbandry, and environmental management. Beneficial biofilms can be affected by multiple factors such as strain characteristics, media composition, signal molecules, and carrier materials. The biofilm barrier composed of beneficial bacteria provides a more favorable microecological environment, keeping bacteria survival longer, and its derived metabolites are better conducive to health. However, in the practical application of biofilms, there are still significant challenges, especially in terms of film-forming efficiency, stability, and safety assessment. Continuous research is needed to discover innovative methods of utilizing biofilms for sustainable food development in the future, in order to fully unleash its potential and promote its application in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the mixing oil will be produced in the sequential transportation of various refined oil inescapable. The mixing oil is not qualified product which is needed to be dealt with. The Volume of mixing oil is less the better. How to reduce the volume of mixing oil in the transportation of product oil is the key to reduce the cost and improve pipeline efficiency. This paper discusses the cause and mechanism of mixed oil in refined products and the characteristics of mixed oil in mountain pipelines. Then, it is providing a calculation method of mixed oil quantity, and a detecting method of mixed oil section, and a treatment method after receiving mixed oil.

Aiming at the catalytic oxidation process of VOCs in conjunction with fixed adsorption bed, the electric heating unit has the problem of large energy consumption, this paper understands the role of the electric heating unit in the process--providing energy for the process, and analyzes the energy consumption of the process, and the results show that the heat transfer efficiency of the electrically heated gas is a key factor affecting the energy consumption of the process. In order to improve the heat transfer efficiency, this paper explores the effect of flow rate on the heat transfer efficiency, and simulation verification is carried out by Fluent software, and the results show that increasing the flow rate can effectively improve the heat transfer efficiency and reduce the process energy consumption. Based on the above analysis, a pipeline heating scheme is proposed, which has the advantages of fast gas flow rate and high heat transfer efficiency in the pipeline, and effectively reduces the operational energy consumption of the process.

The blades of large-scale wind turbines are mainly made of epoxy composite materials and coated with high performance coatings. The quality of the coatings determines the service life of the blades. Due to its greater economy and environmental friendliness, roller coating is increasingly used in the coating of wind power blades. This article briefly introduces the typically used tools and processes in roller coating construction, as well as the factors that affect the appearance quality of roller coating construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the basis of many important biological processes, with protein complexes being the key forms implementing these interactions. Understanding protein complexes and their functions is critical for elucidating mechanisms of life processes, disease diagnosis and treatment and drug development. However, experimental methods for identifying protein complexes have many limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to use computational methods to predict protein complexes. Protein sequences can indicate the structure and biological functions of proteins, while also determining their binding abilities with other proteins, influencing the formation of protein complexes. Integrating these characteristics to predict protein complexes is very promising, but currently there is no effective framework that can utilize both protein sequence and PPI network topology for complex prediction. To address this challenge, we have developed HyperGraphComplex, a method based on hypergraph variational autoencoder that can capture expressive features from protein sequences without feature engineering, while also considering topological properties in PPI networks, to predict protein complexes. Experiment results demonstrated that HyperGraphComplex achieves satisfactory predictive performance when compared with state-of-art methods. Further bioinformatics analysis shows that the predicted protein complexes have similar attributes to known ones. Moreover, case studies corroborated the remarkable predictive capability of our model in identifying protein complexes, including 3 that were not only experimentally validated by recent studies but also exhibited high-confidence structural predictions from AlphaFold-Multimer. We believe that the HyperGraphComplex algorithm and our provided proteome-wide high-confidence protein complex prediction dataset will help elucidate how proteins regulate cellular processes in the form of complexes, and facilitate disease diagnosis and treatment and drug development. Source codes are available at https://github.com/LiDlab/HyperGraphComplex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2,4,6-Triaryl 1,3,5-triazine and 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives have high biological activity potentials that are present in many natural and medicinal products. For these reasons, the synthesis of 2,4,6-triaryl 1,3,5-triazine and 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives is of great interest among synthetic chemists. In this synthetic approach, we found that the utilization of Fe3O4@DH/Ph-ImH-Phen-CuCl2 nanocomposite in the presence of KOAc in ChCl/urea as solvent is an ecofriendly and efficient catalytic system for the synthesis of triazine and 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives. Under this catalytic system, a broad range of 2,4,6-triaryl 1,3,5-triazine and 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives were successfully synthesized with high to excellent yields. Compared to previously reported methods, this method has advantages such as synthesis of 2,4,6-triaryl 1,3,5-triazine and 2-arylbenzothiazole products with high to excellent yields, performance of reactions in ChCl/urea as green solvent, simple separation of the Fe3O4@DH/Ph-ImH-Phen-CuCl2 nanocatalyst only with an external magnet, high reusability of Fe3O4@DH/Ph-ImH-Phen-CuCl2 nanocatalyst, good characterization of the structure of copper nanomagnetic catalyst, and good characterization of the 2,4,6-triaryl 1,3,5-triazine and 2-arylbenzothiazole products by 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages are the main cells shaping the local microenvironment during wound healing. As the prime T cells in the skin, γδ T cells participate in regulating microenvironment construction, determining their mutual regulation helps to understand the mechanisms of wound healing, and explore innovative therapeutic options for wound repair. This review introduced their respective role in wound healing firstly, and then summarized the regulatory effect of γδ T cells on macrophages, including chemotaxis, polarization, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Last, the retrograde regulation on γδ T cells by macrophages was also discussed. The main purpose is to excavate novel interventions for treating wound and provide new thought for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]