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Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal form of DNA damage. Transcriptional activity at DSBs, as well as transcriptional repression around DSBs, are both required for efficient DNA repair. The chromatin landscape defines and coordinates these two opposing events. However, how the open and condensed chromatin architecture is regulated remains unclear. Here, we show that the GATAD2B–NuRD complex associates with DSBs in a transcription- and DNA:RNA hybrid-dependent manner, to promote histone deacetylation and chromatin condensation. This activity establishes a spatio-temporal boundary between open and closed chromatin, which is necessary for the correct termination of DNA end resection. The lack of the GATAD2B–NuRD complex leads to chromatin hyperrelaxation and extended DNA end resection, resulting in homologous recombination (HR) repair failure. Our results suggest that the GATAD2B–NuRD complex is a key coordinator of the dynamic interplay between transcription and the chromatin landscape, underscoring its biological significance in the RNA-dependent DNA damage response. Synopsis: Regulation of open and condensed chromatin architecture is key for efficient DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair involving local transcriptional activation and repression. Here, the GATAD2B-NuRD complex is found to form a boundary between open and closed chromatin to prevent excessive DNA end resection and repair failure. The GATAD2B-NuRD complex associates with DSBs in a manner dependent on transcription and on DNA:RNA hybrids, and facilitates histone deacetylation and chromatin condensation. Lack of GATAD2B-NuRD results in chromatin hyper-relaxation and excessive DNA end resection, leading to failure in homologous recombination (HR) repair. The GATAD2B-NuRD complex acts as a key regulator in the interplay between transcription and chromatin dynamics during the RNA-dependent DNA damage response. Lack of the GATAD2B-NuRD complex results in chromatin hyper-relaxation and extended DNA end resection around DSBs, leading to failure of homologous recombination repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppose that B is a separable stable C^*-algebra with real rank zero, stable rank one and (\mathrm {K}_0(B), \mathrm {K}_0^+(B)) is weakly unperforated in the sense of Elliott [Internat. J. Math. 1 (1990), no. 4, pp. 361–380]. Let A be a unital simple separable nuclear \mathrm {C}^*-algebra. We show that B has the corona factorization property and any unital extension of A by B is absorbing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spread F (SF) in the ionosphere can be observed frequently in mid-latitude regions. It is suggested that atmospheric gravity waves play a significant role for the seeding of mid-latitude SF. Previous research suggested that the source of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) over China is in the southeastern and northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, however, until now there have been no ground-based observations of the ionosphere in this region. Recently, an advanced digital ionosonde was installed at Zhangye station (39.2°N, 100.54°E, Dip Lat 29.6°N) in the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is an opportunity to verify the effect of gravity waves on the formation of mid-latitude SF by comparing it with observations in other regions of the Chinese sector. In this study, statistical analysis of SF recorded at Zhangye station during 2017–2022 was carried out. Results show that diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle characteristics of the occurrence rate of SF are similar with previous studies. At Zhangye station, the maximum occurrence rate of SF is during the post-midnight period in summer and winter. The occurrence rate of SF events have a negative relationship with solar activity. There is no obvious relationship between the occurrence rate of SF and geomagnetic activity. Comparing observations of other stations in the mid-latitude region, we found that the occurrence rates of SF (the annual maximum rates are from 33.83% to 53.29%) are much higher at Zhangye station. Further studies show that ionospheric disturbances can be observed frequently at Zhangye station, especially in autumn and winter. Gravity waves/TIDs in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are suggested to explain the abnormal higher occurrence rate of SF at Zhangye station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open in new tab Download slide OBJECTIVES Severe pulmonary complications such as postoperative respiratory failure can occur after minimally invasive oesophagectomy. However, the risk factors have not been well identified. The goal of this study was to develop a predictive model for the occurrence of postoperative respiratory failure with a large sample. METHODS We collected data from patients with oesophageal cancer who had a minimally invasive oesophagectomy at Shanghai Chest Hospital from 2019 to 2022. Univariable and backward stepwise logistic regression analysis of 19 pre- and intra-operative factors was used before model fitting, and its performance was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve. Internal validation was assessed with a calibration plot, decision curve analysis and area under the curve with 95% confidence intervals, obtained from 1000 resamples set by the bootstrap method. RESULTS This study enrolled 2,386 patients, 57 (2.4%) of whom developed postoperative respiratory failure. Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, tumour location and duration of chest surgery ≥101.5 min were predictive factors. A predictive model was constructed and showed acceptable performance (area under the curve: 0.755). The internal validation with the bootstrap method proves the good agreement for prediction and reality. CONCLUSIONS Obesity, severe diffusion dysfunction and upper segment oesophageal cancer were strong predictive factors. The established predictive model has acceptable predictive validity for postoperative respiratory failure after minimally invasive oesophagectomy, which may improve the identification of high-risk patients and enable health-care professionals to perform risk assessment for postoperative respiratory failure at the initial consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open in new tab Download slide OBJECTIVES Immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) have been proven to improve prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer in the neoadjuvant setting, while whether its perioperative use could bring extra benefit remained unidentified. We aimed to demonstrate the prognostic benefit of perioperative ICB over preoperative-only use and investigate who could benefit from this 'sandwich ICB therapy'. METHODS Patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed, and were divided into 4 groups based on the perioperative regimens: pre-ICB + post-computed tomography (CT), pre-ICB-only, pre-CT + post-ICB and pre-CT-only. Treatment-related adverse events, surgical outcomes, therapeutic response, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were compared. RESULTS Of 214 enrolled patients with preoperative therapy, 108 underwent immunochemotherapy and 106 underwent platinum-based chemotherapy. Compared with preoperative chemotherapy, preoperative immunochemotherapy was demonstrated with significantly higher major pathologic response (57/108 vs 12/106) and pathologic complete response (35/108 vs 4/106) rates with comparable adverse events. Regarding survival, perioperative ICB significantly improved the recurrence-free survival [versus pre-CT-only hazard ratio (HR) 0.15; 95% CI 0.09–0.27; versus pre-ICB-only HR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15–0.88] and overall survival (versus pre-CT-only HR 0.24; 95% CI 0.08–0.68). In patients without major pathologic response, perioperative ICB was observed to decrease the risk of recurrence (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.11–0.83) compared with preoperative ICB, and was an independent prognostic factor (P  < 0.05) for recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative ICB showed promising efficacy in improving pathological response and survival outcomes of resectable non-small cell lung cancer. For patients without major pathologic response after resection followed by preoperative ICB, sequential ICB treatment could be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we exhibit two unital, separable, nuclear C∗${\rm C}^*$‐algebras of stable rank one and real rank zero with the same ordered scaled total K‐theory, but they are not isomorphic with each other, which forms a counterexample to the Elliott Classification Conjecture for real rank zero setting. Thus, we introduce an additional normal condition and give a classification result in terms of the total K‐theory. For the general setting, with a new invariant, the total Cuntz semigroup [2], we classify a large class of C∗${\rm C}^*$‐algebras obtained from extensions. The total Cuntz semigroup, which distinguishes the algebras of our counterexample, could possibly classify all the C∗${\rm C}^*$‐algebras of stable rank one and real rank zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differences in the luminescent performance of phosphors determine their application in diverse occasions. However, the development of Eu2+ ion doped phosphors materials with high optical properties is not satisfactory due to the harsh synthesis conditions. Herein, a series of Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 : Eu2+, Nd3+, Tm3+ are constructed by high temperature solid reaction without applying reducing gas and protective gas. The charge mismatch caused by the unequal substitution promotes the spontaneous reduction of Eu3+ ions to Eu2+. Nd3+ and Tm3+ are co-doped into Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 : Eu2+ to regulate the trap structure, and photoluminescence, long persistent luminescence, photo-stimulated luminescence and mechanoluminescence of Eu2+ ions are simultaneously achieved in Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 : Eu2+, Nd3+, Tm3+. The relationship between trap and optical performance is explored in detail, and the temperature effect during mechanoluminescence is demonstrated for the first time. This research provides a new idea for the rapid synthesis of highly optical performance Eu2+-doped phosphors in air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging cancer treatment method in recent years. However, the ultrasound signal utilized for SDT is usually located at a low-frequency spectrum (<2 MHz), and in the field of SDT research, few studies have focused on the exploration and development of ultrasound frequency. Studies have shown that the GHz-level ultrasound can increase cell membrane permeability and have a negligible effect on cell vitality. Herein, we reported the study of a GHz thin film bulk acoustic resonator as an ultrasound source for synergistic treatment with nanoscale calcium peroxide (CaO2). It was discovered that this ultrasound source ultimately achieved an efficient therapeutic outcome on mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1. Such GHz-level ultrasound application in SDT is of high significance to broaden the cognition and application scope of SDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of laser-induced damage in fused silica using a time-resolved pump-probe (TRPP) shadowgraph. Three typical ultra-fast processes, laser-induced plasma evolution, shockwave propagation and material fracture splashing, were quantitatively investigated. The results indicate that the diameter of plasma is proportional to the pulse laser energy and increases linearly during the pulse laser duration with an expansion rate of approximately 6 km/s. The maximum shockwave velocity on the air side is 9 km/s, occurring at the end of the pulse duration, and then rapidly decreases due to air resistance, reaching approximately 1 km/s around a 300 ns delay. After hundreds of nanoseconds, there is a distinct particle splashing phenomenon, with the splashing particle speed distribution ranging from 0.15 km/s to 2.0 km/s. The particle sizes of the splashing particles range from 4 μm to 15 μm. Additionally, the smaller the delay, the faster the speed of the splashing particles. Overall, TRPP technology provides crucial insights into the temporal evolution of laser-induced damage in fused silica, contributing to a comprehensive understanding essential for optimizing the performance and safety of laser systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The awareness of energy consumption is gaining much more attention in manufacturing due to its economic and sustainability benefits. Reducing energy consumption in advanced manufacturing processes, like directed energy deposition (DED) manufacturing, is critical for Industry 4.0 and the forthcoming Industry 5.0 since it allows for more economical, sustainable, and environmentally friendly manufacturing approaches. An energy consumption model is needed for quantifying the consumption and predicting the impact of various process parameters in manufacturing. This paper aims to develop an energy consumption model for DED-based hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM) for an Inconel 718 part. The specific energy consumption (SEC) is used while developing the energy consumption of the product manufacturing lifecycle. This study focuses on the analysis to investigate three significant factors (scanning speed, laser power, and feed rate), their interactions' effects, and whether they have a significant effect on energy consumption. The results suggest that all the factors have a strong influence, but their interaction effects have a weak influence on the energy consumption for HAM. Among the three process parameters, it is found that laser power has the most significant effect on energy consumption. Again, based on the regression analysis, this study also recommends high scanning speed while the laser power and feed rate should be low. Also, idle time has significant energy consumption during the whole HAM process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time monitoring of electricity usage details through load monitoring techniques is a crucial aspect of smart power grid management and monitoring, allowing for the acquisition of information on the electricity usage of individual appliances for power users. Accurate detection of electricity load is essential for refined load management and monitoring of power supply quality, facilitating the improvement of power management at the user side and enhancing power operation efficiency. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) techniques require only the analysis of total load data to achieve load monitoring of electricity usage details, and offer advantages such as low cost, easy implementation, high reliability, and user acceptance. However, with the increasing number of distributed new load devices on the user side and the diversification of device development, simple load recognition algorithms are insufficient to meet the identification needs of multiple devices and achieve high recognition accuracy. To address this issue, a non-intrusive load recognition (NILR) model that combines an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and convolutional neural network (CNN) has been proposed. In this model, pixelated images of different electrical V-I trajectories are used as inputs for the CNN, and the optimal network layer and convolutional kernel size are determined by the adaptive PSO optimization algorithm during the CNN training process. The proposed model has been validated on the public dataset PLAID, and experimental results demonstrate that it has achieved a overall recognition accuracy of 97.26% and F-1 score of 96.92%, significantly better than other comparison models. The proposed model effectively reduces the confusion between various devices, exhibiting good recognition and generalization capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the potential of a combined score based on CYFRA 21-1 level and LMR as a prognostic predictor for patients with ESCC. Methods: A total of 460 patients who underwent esophagectomy were analyzed, and three groups were established based on the CA-LMR score. OS and RFS were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier analysis, and associated factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. A mpStage system was also established based on the CA-LMR score. Results: The allocation of CA-LMR score of 0, 1, and 2 was 107 (23.3%), 280 (60.9%), and 73 (15.9%). There was a significant association between CA-LMR and male gender (P = 0.001), lower BMI (P = 0.035), longer tumor lesions (P = 0.002), and high pT, pN, pStage (P < 0.001, P = 0.011, P = 0.001). The 5-year OS rates for CA-LMR scores of 0, 1, and 2 were 75.4%, 60.2%, and 32.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that CA-LMR score (P = 0.011) was an independent prognostic factor for OS. The proposed mpStage system, based on CA-LMR score, demonstrated superior discriminatory ability, monotonicity, homogeneity, and prognosis prediction ability over AJCC 8th pStage system. Conclusions: The CA-LMR score, combined with tumor marker and inflammatory index, could use as a potential prognostic indicator; moreover, our modified pStage system exhibited superior stratification and prognostic accuracy for patients with ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hyperspectral image (HSI) has a very high spectral resolution, which can reflect the target's material properties well. However, the limited spatial resolution poses a constraint on its applicability. In recent years, some hyperspectral pansharpening studies have attempted to integrate HSI with PAN to improve the spatial resolution of HSI. Although some achievements have been made, there are still shortcomings, such as insufficient utilization of multi-scale spatial and spectral information, high computational complexity, and long network model inference time. To address the above issues, we propose a novel U-shaped hyperspectral pansharpening network with channel cross-concatenation and spatial–spectral attention mechanism (CCC-SSA-UNet). A novel channel cross-concatenation (CCC) method was designed to effectively enhance the fusion ability of different input source images and the fusion ability between feature maps at different levels. Regarding network design, integrating a UNet based on an encoder–decoder architecture with a spatial–spectral attention network (SSA-Net) based on residual spatial–spectral attention (Res-SSA) blocks further enhances the ability to extract spatial and spectral features. The experiment shows that our proposed CCC-SSA-UNet exhibits state-of-the-art performance and has a shorter inference runtime and lower GPU memory consumption than most of the existing hyperspectral pansharpening methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaline rock-type rare-earth (RE) ores have significant utilisation value. However, the exploitation of such resources faces great challenges owing to the complex mineral and element assemblages. Composite collectors exhibit excellent performances, which may provide solutions to the flotation problem of alkaline rock-type RE ores. Therefore, 16 collectors typically used in RE ores flotation were selected. Flotation tests were performed to identify collectors with high selectivity and collection ability for RE minerals, then nine composite collectors were prepared by combining the satisfactory collectors. The flotation performances of single and composite collectors for RE minerals were examined, and the composite collector FA301 with different carbon chain lengths was identified as the best one. When FA301 was applied in optimal conditions of slurry temperature, grinding size, collector and inhibitor dosage, RE concentrate yield of 6.29%, REO grade of 32.013%, and recovery of 59.02% were achieved. According to the results of the zeta potential, FTIR, and XPS test, the functional groups (dominated by carboxyl groups) in FA301 chemically adsorbed onto the main active sites (La, Ce, Y, etc.) on the surface of RE minerals. The findings can provide scientific basis for the development of efficient collectors to facilitate the exploitation of RE resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Salvage esophagectomy, indicated for some patients with locally recurrent/persistent disease after definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT), reportedly has high postoperative complications. This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of dCRT followed by salvage esophagectomy (DCRE) with planned esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRE) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all locally advanced ESCC patients treated with DCRE or NCRE at Shanghai Chest Hospital from 2018 to 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline differences. DCRE is defined as esophagectomy for recurrent/persistent disease after dCRT. Results: A total of 302 patients (41 for DCRE and 261 for NCRE) were included. The median interval of chemoradiotherapy-to-surgery was 47d in NCRE, 43d and 440d in DCRE of persistent disease (n = 24) and recurrence (n = 17), respectively. DCRE was observed with advanced ypT stage (63% vs 38%), poorer differentiation (32% vs 15%) and more lymphovascular invasion (29% vs 11%) compared with NCRE (all p < 0.05). The above factors were comparable between the two groups after PSM (all p > 0.05). There were no significant differences before and after PSM in postoperative complications over Clavien-Dindo grade III (e.g., respiratory failure and anastomotic leak), 30/90-day postoperative mortality, and survival. Conclusion: Through a standardized surgical procedure in a high-volume center, DCRE exhibited comparable postoperative complications and prognosis with NCRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the fast‐growing amount of data, the state‐of‐the‐art optical data storage has become a front‐runner in the competing data storage technologies. However, two‐dimensional (2D) spatial resolution in the conventional optical data storage media has almost reached the limit. Herein, LiGa5O8:Cr3+ nanoparticles (NCs) precipitated in situ from a transparent medium are prepared. The transparent LiGa5O8:Cr3+ glass ceramics show excellent deep‐trap carriers storage ability under blue light irradiation and can realize the bit‐by‐bit optical data in 3D space for write‐in and read‐out in a photon trapping/detrapping mode. Moreover, this optical storage mechanism is also extended to 4D by realizing temperature optical encryption. Notably, the written information can still be clearly displayed even after being recorded for 200 days. This work enables 4D high‐precision storage of information and provides new insights into the design and fabrication of next‐generation storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials with long‐wavelength emission bands are essential for future in vivo bioimaging, non‐destructive testing of solids, etc. The lack of a defined mechanism, however, prevents the application of near infrared ML materials above 650 nm in several new fields. Here, the addition of Ga3+ ions to Y3Al5O12: Cr3+ manipulates matrix microstructure evolution, boosting near‐infrared (NIR) zero‐phonon line (ZPL) stress optical output of the Cr3+ ion at 688 nm. The key factor changing the crystal field intensity Dq/B due to the addition of Ga3+ ions is what causes the luminescence amplification of ZPL. The ML fabricated by composite polydimethylsiloxane and Y3Al4GaO12: Cr3+ (YAGG: Cr3+) may penetrate chicken feet epidermal tissue and 4 mm pork tissue thanks to the strong NIR ZPL emission of YAGG: Cr3+ phosphor. This discovery of enhancing near‐infrared ZPL intensity by solid solution provides us with a new technique for optimizing NIR ML materials, as well as a new prospect for NIR ML materials in biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dimensions of nanoribbons have a significant impact on their material properties. In the fields of optoelectronics and spintronics, one-dimensional nanoribbons exhibit distinct advantages due to their low-dimensional and quantum restrictions. Novel structures can be formed by combining silicon and carbon at different stoichiometric ratios. Using density functional theory, we thoroughly explored the electronic structure properties of two kinds of silicon–carbon nanoribbons (penta-SiC2 and g-SiC3 nanoribbons) with different widths and edge conditions. Our study reveals that the electronic properties of penta-SiC2 and g-SiC3 nanoribbons are closely related to their width and orientation. Specifically, one type of penta-SiC2 nanoribbons exhibits antiferromagnetic semiconductor characteristics, two types of penta-SiC2 nanoribbons have moderate band gaps, and the band gap of armchair g-SiC3 nanoribbons oscillates in three dimensions with the width of the nanoribbon. Notably, zigzag g-SiC3 nanoribbons exhibit excellent conductivity, high theoretical capacity (1421 mA h g−1), moderate open circuit voltage (0.27 V), and low diffusion barriers (0.09 eV), making them a promising candidate for high storage capacity electrode material in lithium-ion batteries. Our analysis provides a theoretical basis for exploring the potential of these nanoribbons in electronic and optoelectronic devices as well as high-performance batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a novel tool capable of real‐time monitoring and simultaneously quantifying of both intra/extracellular chemical signals across the large‐scale brain is the key bottleneck for understanding the interactions between the molecules inside and outside neurons. Here we built up a high‐density intra/extracellular optophysiology platform, together with developing two probes for specific recognition of L‐cysteine (Cys) and dopamine (DA), for simultaneously quantifying of both intracellular Cys and extracellular DA with high selectivity and accuracy across the brain of freely moving animals, as well as recording electrical signals. Using this powerful tool, it was found that intracellular Cys regulated extracellular DA through inducing the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the depressed mice brain. We also established the functional networks of Cys and DA across 32 brain regions in freely moving animals. More importantly, it was discovered that depression reduced the correlations between adjacent brain regions, which was recovered by the treatment of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a novel tool capable of real‐time monitoring and simultaneously quantifying of both intra/extracellular chemical signals across the large‐scale brain is the key bottleneck for understanding the interactions between the molecules inside and outside neurons. Here we built up a high‐density intra/extracellular optophysiology platform, together with developing two probes for specific recognition of L‐cysteine (Cys) and dopamine (DA), for simultaneously quantifying of both intracellular Cys and extracellular DA with high selectivity and accuracy across the brain of freely moving animals, as well as recording electrical signals. Using this powerful tool, it was found that intracellular Cys regulated extracellular DA through inducing the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the depressed mice brain. We also established the functional networks of Cys and DA across 32 brain regions in freely moving animals. More importantly, it was discovered that depression reduced the correlations between adjacent brain regions, which was recovered by the treatment of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, the Chinese government first proposed the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Since then, China's economy and society have undergone a comprehensive green and sustainable development upgrade and transformation. The development of green finance can provide financial support for achieving dual carbon goals and mitigate the impact of climate change. More importantly, it can contribute to the national economy's and society's sustainable development. We innovatively draw on the quality function deployment theory in marketing to logically formulate the research idea of this paper. On this basis, we also apply the G1-entropy method from fuzzy mathematical theory for quantitative research. We innovatively address the actual national conditions in China and fully integrate green elements in constructing the index system from green finance and sustainability perspectives. Finally, we calculate index weights through G1-entropy quantification to assess the development quality of China's green financial system and qualitatively propose countermeasures for the quality of China's green financial development with respect to key index factors. Specifically, we sort out this paper in the following three aspects: (1) we innovatively combined the quality function deployment theory and built the quantitative analysis process architecture in this paper, which enhanced the readability of this paper (2) we realized the use of quantitative research for qualitative analysis and proposed the G1-entropy value method, which made up for the defects of the subjective and objective methods in the traditional assessment methods (3) we realized the organic combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis and proposed relevant countermeasure suggestions based on the quantitative index calculation results, which provided relevant countermeasure suggestions for promoting the sustainable and high-quality development of green finance in China. Our study will provide a set of perfect assessment methods for the quality improvement path and sustainable development strategy formulation after the construction of China's future green financial system. It can also provide a reference assessment idea for the high-quality and sustainable development of China's green finance, which will further help China's economic transition to green and low-carbon and the achievement of the double carbon goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulation of intron retention (IR), a form of alternative splicing, is a newly recognized checkpoint in gene expression. Since there are numerous abnormalities in gene expression in the prototypic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we sought to determine whether IR was intact in patients with this disease. We, therefore, studied global gene expression and IR patterns of lymphocytes in SLE patients. We analyzed RNA-seq data from peripheral blood T cell samples from 14 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 4 healthy controls and a second, independent data set of RNA-seq data from B cells from16 SLE patients and 4 healthy controls. We identified intron retention levels from 26,372 well annotated genes as well as differential gene expression and tested for differences between cases and controls using unbiased hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. We followed with gene-disease enrichment analysis and gene-ontology enrichment analysis. Finally, we then tested for significant differences in intron retention between cases and controls both globally and with respect to specific genes. Overall decreased IR was found in T cells from one cohort and B cells from another cohort of patients with SLE and was associated with increased expression of numerous genes, including those encoding spliceosome components. Different introns within the same gene displayed both up- and down-regulated retention profiles indicating a complex regulatory mechanism. These results indicate that decreased IR in immune cells is characteristic of patients with active SLE and may contribute to the abnormal expression of specific genes in this autoimmune disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of energy transformation, the importance of energy storage devices in regional integrated energy systems (RIESs) is becoming increasingly prominent. To explore the impact of energy storage devices on the design and operation of RIESs, this paper first establishes a bi-level dynamic optimization model with the total system cost as the optimization objective. The optimization model is used to optimize the design of three RIESs with different energy storage devices, including System 1 without an energy storage device, System 2 with a thermal energy storage (TES) device, and System 3 with TES and electrical energy storage (EES) devices. According to the design and operation results, the impact of energy storage devices on the operational performance of RIESs is analyzed. The results show that under the design conditions, energy storage devices can significantly increase the capacity of the combined heating and power units and absorption chillers in System 2 and System 3 and reduce the capacity of the ground source heat pumps and gas boilers; the impact of the TES device on System 3 is more significant. Affected by systems' configuration, the operating cost, carbon tax, and total cost of System 2 are reduced by 2.9%, 5.5%, and 1.5% compared with System 1, respectively. The EES device can more significantly reduce the operating cost of System 3, with a reduced rate of 5.7% compared with that in System 1. However, the higher equipment cost makes the total cost reduction rate of System 3 less than that of System 1, which is 1.75%. Similar to the design conditions, under the operation conditions, the TES device can effectively reduce the carbon tax, operating cost, and total cost of System 2, while System 3 with an EES device can significantly reduce its operating cost regardless of whether the energy price changes or not. To some extent, this study systematically elucidated the impact of TES and EES devices on the optimal design and operation performance of RIESs and provided a certain reference for the configuration of energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of the relative permeability in tight rock is challenging due to its ultralow permeability and the time-consuming nature of the experiments. Studying the movable and unmovable fluid distribution and establishing a reliable relative permeability prediction model is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to investigate movable and unmovable water distribution in tight sandstone under different centrifugal forces. A new method for predicting gas–water relative permeability in tight rock is established based on movable fluid distribution using the capillary bundle model. The results show that the distribution of movable and unmovable fluids is strongly influenced by the tight rock's pore size distribution and structure. The unmovable fluid saturation increases as the tight rock's permeability and median radius decrease. The nonlinear correlation between the NMR relaxation time and the pore throat size obtained from high-pressure mercury intrusion can be used to derive the pore size of the fluid distribution in tight rocks. The ratio of the movable fluid thickness to pore throat size increases near linearly with the logarithm of the pore throat size. The proposed mathematical model for the prediction of gas-water relative permeability based on movable fluid distribution is verified by comparing with the normalized relative permeability curve measured from experiments. This new model offers an alternative method of estimating the gas–water relative permeability when measurement is unavailable due to the ultralow permeability of the core samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamond nanostructures are mostly produced from bulk diamond (single- or polycrystalline) by using time-consuming and/or costly subtractive manufacturing methods. In this study, we report the bottom-up synthesis of ordered diamond nanopillar arrays by using porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO). Commercial ultrathin AAO membranes were adopted as the growth template in a straightforward, three-step fabrication process involving chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and the transfer and removal of the alumina foils. Two types of AAO membranes with distinct nominal pore size were employed and transferred onto the nucleation side of CVD diamond sheets. Subsequently, diamond nanopillars were grown directly on these sheets. After removal of the AAO template by chemical etching, ordered arrays of submicron and nanoscale diamond pillars with ~325 nm and ~85 nm diameters were successfully released. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors consider the range of a certain class of ASH algebras in [An, Q., Elliott, G. A., Li, Z. and Liu, Z., The classification of certain ASH C*-algebras of real rank zero, J. Topol. Anal., 14(1), 2022, 183–202], which is under the scheme of the Elliott program in the setting of real rank zero C*-algebras. As a reduction theorem, they prove that all these ASH algebras are still the AD algebras studied in [Dadarlat, M. and Loring, T. A., Classifying C*-algebras via ordered, mod-p K-theory, Math. Ann., 305, 1996, 601–616]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the phase evolution and pulverization mechanism of a self‐pulverizing carbonatable clinker (SPCC) with a variety of raw material compositions. The particle size, mineral phases, and microstructure of SPCC, produced by sintering at 1400°C for 3 h, were systematically studied by laser particle size testing, XRD/QXRD and SEM/EDS. Results show that clinkers sintered by raw materials with low‐Ca/low‐Al (Ca/Si < 1.6; Al2O3 < 10 wt.%) or high‐Ca/medium‐Al (Ca/Si > 2.6; Al2O3 ≈ 10 wt.%) are non‐pulverized after cooling. The mineral phases of C2AS, CA, and C12A7 are considered to facilitate clinker pulverization at low γ‐C2S contents. With the increase of Al2O3 content in raw materials, SPCC is refined in particle size, accompanied by the significant decrease in the content of calcium silicates. Based on the results, guidelines for producing SPCC are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, three distinct heteroepitaxial single-crystal boron-doped diamond (SC-BDD) electrodes were fabricated and subjected to detailed surface analysis and electrochemical characterization. Specifically, the heteroepitaxy approach allowed to synthesize large-area (1 cm2) and heavily-doped (100)-oriented SC-BDD electrodes. Their single-crystal nature and crystal orientation were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, while scanning electron and atomic force microscopies revealed marked variations in surface morphology resulting from their growth on respective on-axis and off-axis substrates. Further, absence of sp2 impurities along with heavy boron doping (>1021 cm−3) was demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky analysis, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a 0.1 M KNO 3 solution revealed wide potential windows (∼3.3 V) and low double-layer capacitance (<4 μF cm−2) of the SC-BDD electrodes. Their highly conductive, 'metal-like' nature was confirmed by CV with [Ru(NH 3) 6 ]3+/2+ probe manifesting near-reversible redox response with Δ E p approaching 0.059 V. The same probe was used to record scanning electrochemical micrographs, which clearly demonstrated homogeneously distributed electrochemical activity of the heteroepitaxial SC-BDD electrodes. Minor differences in their electrochemical performance, presumably resulting from the somewhat different morphological features, were only unveiled during CV with surface sensitive compounds [Fe(CN) 6 ]3−/4− and dopamine. The latter was also used to show the possibility of applying herein developed heteroepitaxial SC-BDD electrodes for electrochemical sensing, whereas experiments with anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate revealed their enhanced resistance to fouling. All in all, heteroepitaxial SC-BDD represents a highly attractive electrode material which can, owing to the fabrication strategy, easily overcome size limitation, currently preventing broader use of single crystal diamond electrodes in electrochemical applications. [Display omitted] • First report on heavily B-doped (>1021 cm−3) heteroepitaxial diamond as an electrode. • Excellent electrochemical features of heteroepitaxial SC-BDD confirmed. • Only minor effect of variations in morphology on electrode performance recognized. • Anti-fouling characteristics of heteroepitaxial SC-BDD successfully demonstrated. • Heteroepitaxy approach enables synthesis of large-area SC-BDD electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas hydrate is a promising alternative energy resource that undergoes complex phase changes and coupled geological responses during hydrate production. Insufficient knowledge of those coupled behaviors still challenge safe and efficient gas production from hydrate. Here, a novel experimental apparatus was developed to simulate the gas–water–sand production and to evaluate the related multifield and multiphase processes. The experimental apparatus is equipped with displacement, ultrasonic, and electrical resistivity sensors and gas/water flowmeters, and this apparatus can work up to a maximum loading stress of 25 MPa and a maximum pore pressure of 20 MPa over a temperature range from −20 to 50 °C. The hydrate production and sand production case were performed on a synthetic specimen with hydrate saturation of 12.8% by using multi-step depressurization. The pressure–temperature conditions, settlement, ultrasonic propagation, electrical resistivity, and permeability of hydrate reservoirs during production were simultaneously monitored to evaluate the geological characteristics and heat and mass transfer characteristics of the hydrate reservoir. The results indicated that the gas/water production mainly occurred during the first third of each depressurization period, and their production rates were low at the beginning. Flowing water mobilized the sand particles, and the addition of gas exacerbated the sand-particle migration. Interpretation of the coupled behaviors supported that the reservoir could maintain a temporary stable structure even when losing a certain amount of sand particles with no sand control methods; however, necessary sand-prevention approaches are wise to support long-term reservoir production operations. These laboratory insights would contribute to optimizing the field strategies for economical gas production from hydrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface density regulation of Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 heterostructures is achieved by controlled selenylation of Ni-MOFs. Compared with low-density interfaces, the high-density Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 heterostructures demonstrate superior lithium storage properties and electrocatalytic activity. [Display omitted] Biphasic or multiphase heterostructures hold attractive prospects in engineering advanced electrode materials for energy-related applications owing to the appealing synergistic effect; however, they still suffer from unsatisfied electrochemical activity and reaction kinetics. Herein, guided by density functional theory calculation, a well-engineered selenides heterostructure with high-density Ni 3 Se 4 -NiSe 2 biphasic interfaces that fastened in N, O-codoped carbon matrix, was developed for high-performance lithium storage and electrocatalysis. By controlled selenylation of metal–organic framework (MOF), a series of NiSe x @C hybrids (Ni 3 Se 4 @C, Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 @C-1, Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 @C-2, and NiSe 2 @C) with tunable biphasic components and grain sizes were prepared. Abundant two-phase interfaces with higher interface density are generated inside the Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 -1 induced by much smaller nanograins in comparison with the Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 -2, so that significant charge redistribution and faster electrons/Li+ ions transfer kinetics are achieved within the selenides, which are proved by the mutual verification of experiment and theoretical analysis. Benefitting from this optimized heterointerfaces, the Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 @C-1 electrode manifests reduced polarization, superior rate capability, and prolonged cyclic stability (621.3 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 for 1000 cycles; 362.3 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1 for 2000 cycles) with respect to the Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 @C-2, as well as excellent performance in LiCoO 2 //Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 @C-1 full cell. Detailed electrochemical analysis confirmed rapid electrons/Li+ diffusion rates and more pseudocapacitive energy for the Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 @C-1. Therefore, the Ni 3 Se 4 /NiSe 2 @C-1 showcases superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and lithium storage performance. This work demonstrates the significance of interface modulation to boost the electrochemical performance of multiphase heterostructures for energy storage and conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence microscopy has become an essential tool for biologists, to visualize the dynamics of intracellular structures with specific labeling. Quantitatively measuring the dynamics of moving objects inside the cell is pivotal for understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanism. Protein-containing vesicles are involved in various biological processes such as material transportation, organelle interaction, and hormonal regulation, whose dynamic characteristics are significant to disease diagnosis and drug screening. Although some algorithms have been developed for vesicle tracking, most of them have limited performance when dealing with images with low resolution, poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and complicated motion. Here, we proposed a novel deep learning-based method for intracellular vesicle tracking. We trained the U-Net for vesicle localization and motion classification, with demonstrates great performance in both simulated datasets and real biological samples. By combination with fan-shaped tracker (FsT) we have previously developed, this hybrid new algorithm significantly improved the performance of particle tracking with the function of subsequently automated vesicle motion classification. Furthermore, its performance was further demonstrated in analyzing with vesicle dynamics in different temperature, which achieved reasonable outcomes. Thus, we anticipate that this novel method would have vast applications in analyzing the vesicle dynamics in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A calcium carbonate (CaCO3)-based coating with gamma-C2S (γ-C2S) as the main carbonatable binder is proposed to protect the metal substrate against corrosion in this paper. Here, the morphology and phase assemblage of the coatings are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the corrosion resistance of the coating is evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that the carbonated coating has excellent properties in terms of ultraviolet (UV) aging resistance, salt fog resistance, and electrochemical corrosion resistance. The porosity of deposited coating on steel substrates decreases by 47.1% after carbonation due to the compacted calcium carbonate formation, which is recognized as a self-compacting process during carbonation. The coating also exhibits rapid strength development within the first 2 h of carbonation; both the CO2 uptake efficiency and degree of carbonation (DOC) can reach more than 95% of the total CO2 uptake efficiency and final DOC values. This study provides a novel insight to extend the category of inorganic coating with additional benefits of CO2 solidification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] IPF is a chronic, progressive, interstitial lung disease with high mortality. Current drugs have limited efficacy in curbing disease progression and improving quality of life. Selpercatinib, a highly selective inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase RET (rearranged during transfection), was approved in 2020 for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors with RET mutations. In this study, the action and mechanism of Selpercatinib in pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Selpercatinib significantly ameliorated bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro , Selpercatinib inhibited the proliferation, migration, activation and extracellular matrix deposition of fibroblasts by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad and TGF-β1/non-Smad pathway, and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) like process of lung epithelial cells via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathway. The results of in vivo pharmacological tests corroborated the results obtained from the in vitro experiments. Further studies revealed that Selpercatinib inhibited abnormal phenotypes of lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells in part by regulating its target RET. In short, Selpercatinib inhibited the activation of fibroblasts and EMT-like process of lung epithelial cells by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad and TGF-β1/non-Smad pathways, thus alleviating BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Text summarization in scientific research is crucial but time consuming and labor intensive, and it requires specific expertise; here, NLP is playing a role. • ChatGPT's drug information summarization was evaluated against human experts using >14 000 records from the FDA Labeling document for the first time. • ChatGPT reliably generates summaries closely resembling those of human experts, particularly in the context of summarizing drug safety information from labeling documents. • ChatGPT and its derivatives are valuable in drug discovery, improving drug labeling access and supporting FDA review processes. Text summarization is crucial in scientific research, drug discovery and development, regulatory review, and more. This task demands domain expertise, language proficiency, semantic prowess, and conceptual skill. The recent advent of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, offers unprecedented opportunities to automate this process. We compared ChatGPT-generated summaries with those produced by human experts using FDA drug labeling documents. The labeling contains summaries of key labeling sections, making them an ideal human benchmark to evaluate ChatGPT's summarization capabilities. Analyzing >14 000 summaries, we observed that ChatGPT-generated summaries closely resembled those generated by human experts. Importantly, ChatGPT exhibited even greater similarity when summarizing drug safety information. These findings highlight ChatGPT's potential to accelerate work in critical areas, including drug safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve accurate ballistocardiogram (BCG) conversion to the electrocardiogram (ECG) and complete quantitative alignment for wearable portable flexible monitoring. Based on the use of fiber optic sensing, an algorithm for heart rate signal analysis with optimized variational modal decomposition (OVMD) is proposed. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors (FBGs) embedded in nylon bandages can be made into a flexible smart sensing fabric for monitoring BCG signals. And the parameters of the variational modal decomposition (VMD) are optimized by the mean correlation coefficient of adjacent components and the negative entropy of the envelope spectrum, which are used to demodulate and analyze the FBGs echo signal. At the same time, the demodulated BCG signals are compared with ECG signals for feature point analysis. The feature point mapping relationship between BCG and ECG is tested and decoded for three different postures: standing, sitting, and lying. The experimental results showed that there is a strong correlation and high agreement between the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters of the BCG signal and the HRV parameters of the ECG signal. The heart rate interval (RR-JJ) correlation is 0.994 and the consistency limit is 10 ms. In addition, the remaining feature points also showed good consistency, which verified the feasibility of the algorithm to improve the accuracy of BCG heart rate signal solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous intensification of global climate issues, the innovation and replacement of wall materials as an important component of the construction industry is imperative. Lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) emerges as an energy-saving and low-carbon building material due to its well thermal insulation properties and lower cement usage. Traditional LCC includes autoclaved cellular concrete (ACC) and moisture-cured cellular concrete (MCC). The former involves substantial energy consumption in its high-temperature (120–200 °C) and high-pressure (5–18 bar) curing (generally 6–12 hours), while the latter faces challenges of prolonged curing periods (generally 3–28 days) and limited mechanical performance (0.5–2 MPa). Recently, carbonated cellular concrete (CCC) has gained prominence in research due to its rapid development of mechanical properties (2 hours to 3.5–8 MPa) and high CO 2 sequestration (120–150 kg/m3). Even some solid wastes, such as magnesium slag and steel slag, can be used as the primary or sole binders in the preparation of CCC, positioning it as a focal point in the field of sustainable construction practices. However, CCC also suffers from limited degree of reaction (35–70 %) and relatively low homogeneity, which is the main direction for CCC to be improved in the future. The purpose of this review is twofold: (1) to systematically compare the macro/microscopic structure and performance of CCC with those of conventional ACC and MCC, filling in the gaps in this part of the understanding, so as to more accurately understand the strengths and weaknesses of the three; (2) to allow readers to more accurately control the direction of the development of LCC and the requirements of the innovation, in order to be more adapted to the global low-carbon and sustainable development policy. Achievement of the objectives is based on an in-depth review of those three types of LCC, focusing on their composition and physical properties (such as void structure, mechanical performance, sorption characteristics, thermal insulation capabilities and carbon footprint). Additionally, an analysis and outlook were also conducted on the market trends of three types of LCC. • Comprehensive review of advances in three mainstream lightweight cellular concretes. • Carbonated cellular concrete has more efficient strength gain and CO 2 absorption than autoclaved and moisture-cured cellular concrete. • The addition of porous aggregates and internal carbon sources can improve the properties of carbonated cellular concrete. • Market prospects for three types of lightweight cellular concrete are outlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Solar thermal energy drives supercritical CO 2 cycle for power generation. • Solar-heated air supplies thermal energy to reduce electric demand of electrolysis. • No thermal energy storage is required. • Energy, exergy, and economic analyses are conducted to evaluate system performance. • Hydrogen is priced at 6.5 $/kg with a payback period of 20 years. Typical solar power tower (SPT) systems employ molten salt as the heat transfer and thermal energy storage medium to facilitate stable energy output. However, these systems are constrained by their limited operating temperature, which is insufficient to supply heat for high-temperature electrolysis. In this paper, a small-scale (2.5 MW) solar-thermal-assisted energy system with a SPT, a supercritical CO 2 (SCO 2) Brayton cycle, and solid oxide electrolysis/fuel cells (SOEC/SOFC) is proposed. With heat supply via air, the SOEC subsystem can operate at 800 ℃ to reach high energy efficiency and reduce electric demand, which replaces conventional waste heat from flue gas produced by fossil fuel combustion. Such a system can convert excess electricity into hydrogen for storage or sale and provides stable electricity 24 h a day. The key factors determining the system performance are investigated, including the turbine inlet parameters, main compressor inlet parameters, the recompression fraction of the SCO 2 subsystem, and the operating temperature and current density of the SOEC/SOFC subsystems. The case study shows that the net hydrogen output can reach 13365.4 kWh/d in summer with the SOEC operating at 800 ℃, which is 86.7 % higher compared to 7157.6 kWh/d when operating at 600 ℃. To recoup the investment costs by the 20th year, hydrogen must be priced at 6.5 $/kg. After multi-objective optimization, the optimal exergy efficiency and capital investment for the SPT-SCO 2 -SOEC subsystem are determined to be 29.6 % and 3.65 M$, respectively. For the SOFC subsystem, the corresponding figures are 56.1 % for exergy efficiency and 0.23 M$ for capital investment. This study benefits the solar power generation and hydrogen production by high-temperature electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based streaming media transmission may become unstable when the bit rate generated by the source load exceeds the channel capacity owing to the UAV location and speed change. The change of the location can affect the network connection, leading to reduced transmission rate; the change of the flying speed can increase the video payload due to more I-frames. To improve the transmission reliability, in this paper we design a Client-Server-Ground&User (C-S-G&U) framework, and propose an algorithm of splitting-merging stream (SMS) for multi-link concurrent transmission. We also establish multiple transport links and configure the routing rules for the cross-layer design. The multi-link transmission can achieve higher throughput and significantly smaller end-to-end delay than a single-link especially in a heavy load situation. The audio and video data are packaged into the payload by the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) before being transmitted over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The forward error correction (FEC) algorithm is implemented to promote the reliability of the UDP transmission, and an encryption algorithm to enhance security. In addition, we propose a Quality of Service (QoS) strategy so that the server and the user can control the UAV to adapt its transmission mode dynamically, according to the load, delay, and packet loss. Our design has been implemented on an engineering platform, whose efficacy has been verified through comprehensive experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we designed and developed a single two-photon ratiometric fluorescence probe (TMF2P) for selective and accurate determination of mitochondrial MAO-A in live neurons. It was discovered that the increases in MAO-A levels under oxidative stress resulted in an elevated influx of Ca2+ flow into mitochondria through the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In dentistry, zirconia implants have emerged as a promising alternative for replacing missing teeth due to their superior aesthetic performance and chemical stability. To improve the osseointegration of zirconia implants, modifying their surface with hierarchical micro/nanotopography and bioactive chemical composition are two effective ways. In this work, a microscale topography was prepared on a zirconia surface using hydrofluoric acid etching, and then a 50 nm TiO2 nanocoating was deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Subsequently, an annealing treatment was used to transform the TiO2 from amorphous to anatase and simultaneously generate nanoscale topography. Various investigations into the coating surface morphology, topography, wettability, and chemical composition were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, white light interferometry, contact-angle measurement, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, in vitro cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential performance of the coatings were evaluated by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and in vivo osseointegration performance was assessed in a rat femoral condyle model. Moreover, the possible mechanism was also investigated. The deposition of TiO2 film with/without annealing treatment did not alter the microscale roughness of the zirconia surface, whereas the nanotopography changed significantly after annealing. The in vitro studies revealed that the anatase TiO2 coating with regular wavelike nanostructure could promote the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts and further improve the osteogenic potential in vitro and osseointegration in vivo. These positive effects may be caused by nanoscale topography via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The results suggest that using ALD in combination with annealing treatment to fabricate a nanotopographic TiO2 coating is a promising way to improve the osteogenic properties of zirconia implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the intelligent monitoring of the process and the real-time acquisition of the data of the rectification reaction equipment, the system is designed based on the optical fiber network monitoring. The system includes narrow-band sweep frequency sighting, fiber demodulation state instrument, and FBG acquisition. A multi-FBG combined data processing algorithm is proposed. Through simulation analysis, the temperature anomalies and anti-field anomalies of multiple tanks and single tanks are analyzed, and a reasonable FBG device is designed according to the simulation results. The results show that the main influence of the abnormal temperature field is the position of the tube, the temperature deviation is 32.4°C, and the main influence of the connection of the heating field is the position of the interface. The experiment uses the JZCS8000 (II) integrated process control device. Through the four main abnormal conditions, the experimental results show that the temperature and SEM test data obtained by the system test show about 1.3%, and the test data with BTT show about 1.26%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In dentistry, zirconia implants have emerged as a promising alternative for replacing missing teeth due to their superior aesthetic performance and chemical stability. To improve the osseointegration of zirconia implants, modifying their surface with hierarchical micro/nanotopography and bioactive chemical composition are two effective ways. In this work, a microscale topography was prepared on a zirconia surface using hydrofluoric acid etching, and then a 50 nm TiO2 nanocoating was deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Subsequently, an annealing treatment was used to transform the TiO2 from amorphous to anatase and simultaneously generate nanoscale topography. Various investigations into the coating surface morphology, topography, wettability, and chemical composition were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, white light interferometry, contact-angle measurement, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, in vitro cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential performance of the coatings were evaluated by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and in vivo osseointegration performance was assessed in a rat femoral condyle model. Moreover, the possible mechanism was also investigated. The deposition of TiO2 film with/without annealing treatment did not alter the microscale roughness of the zirconia surface, whereas the nanotopography changed significantly after annealing. The in vitro studies revealed that the anatase TiO2 coating with regular wavelike nanostructure could promote the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts and further improve the osteogenic potential in vitro and osseointegration in vivo. These positive effects may be caused by nanoscale topography via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The results suggest that using ALD in combination with annealing treatment to fabricate a nanotopographic TiO2 coating is a promising way to improve the osteogenic properties of zirconia implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a novel tool capable of real‐time monitoring and simultaneous quantitation of multiple molecules in mitochondria across the whole brain of freely moving animals is the key bottleneck for understanding the physiological and pathological roles that mitochondria play in the brain events. Here we built a Raman fiber photometry, and created a highly selective non‐metallic Raman probe based on the triple‐recognition strategies of chemical reaction, charge transfer, and characteristic fingerprint peaks, for tracking and simultaneous quantitation of mitochondrial O2.−, Ca2+ and pH at the same location in six brain regions of free‐moving animal upon hypoxia. It was found that mitochondrial O2.−, Ca2+ and pH changed from superficial to deep brain regions upon hypoxia. It was discovered that hypoxia‐induced mitochondrial O2.− burst was regulated by ASIC1a, leading to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and acidification. Furthermore, we found the overload of mitochondrial Ca2+ was mostly attributed to the influx of extracellular Ca2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a novel tool capable of real‐time monitoring and simultaneous quantitation of multiple molecules in mitochondria across the whole brain of freely moving animals is the key bottleneck for understanding the physiological and pathological roles that mitochondria play in the brain events. Here we built a Raman fiber photometry, and created a highly selective non‐metallic Raman probe based on the triple‐recognition strategies of chemical reaction, charge transfer, and characteristic fingerprint peaks, for tracking and simultaneous quantitation of mitochondrial O2.−, Ca2+ and pH at the same location in six brain regions of free‐moving animal upon hypoxia. It was found that mitochondrial O2.−, Ca2+ and pH changed from superficial to deep brain regions upon hypoxia. It was discovered that hypoxia‐induced mitochondrial O2.− burst was regulated by ASIC1a, leading to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and acidification. Furthermore, we found the overload of mitochondrial Ca2+ was mostly attributed to the influx of extracellular Ca2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations were frequently found with concomitant genetic alterations in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aimed to investigate the profile of concomitant alterations of EGFR‐mutant LUAD ≤3 cm in size and its prognostic effect on recurrence. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2018, patients with resected LUAD ≤3 cm in size in Shanghai Chest Hospital were identified. All patients underwent capture‐based targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) with a panel of 68 lung cancer‐related genes and were found with EGFR mutation. Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were analyzed. Results: A total of 637 patients were enrolled in this study. The top three frequent co‐mutational genes were TP53 (179 of 637, 28.1%), PIK3CA (27 of 637, 4.2%), and ATM (22 of 637, 3.5%). The most common amplified genes were EGFR (37 of 637, 5.8%), followed by CDK4 (37 of 637, 5.8%) and MYC (12 of 637, 2.0%). Only TP53 mutation and EGFR amplification were adverse prognostic factors for RFS (all p < 0.001) in univariate analysis. Multivariable analysis further demonstrated that TP53 mutation and EGFR amplification were independent risk factors for RFS [(hazard ratio (HR) 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–4.00, p = 0.030; HR 3.09, 95% CI 1.49–6.40, p = 0.002, respectively]. Conclusions: Concomitant TP53 mutation and EGFR amplification were poor prognostic factors for RFS in patients with EGFR‐mutant resected LUAD. Our findings provide valuable understanding of the impact of concurrent alterations and implication for better implementation of precision therapy for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes are to solve the option pricing problem in financial derivatives and provide a practical basis for reducing the risk rate of the financial market. First, the classification of fractal theory and option pricing is outlined, the connotation of stochastic volatility is analyzed, and a stochastic volatility model is established. According to the Fourier transform and nonlinear differential equation, the pricing method in the volatility swap process and the pricing method of volatility derivatives are analyzed. Finally, the option pricing parameters are set, and the Origin 75 software is employed to visually analyze the mathematical results. The forward prices under stochastic volatility are compared monthly and weekly, and the resulted values are all close to 235. There is a gap between the forward prices of each month and each quarter, and the difference between the forward prices of each quarter is large, close to 50. The average relative percentage errors (ARPEs) within and out of the sample calculated by the stochastic volatility model are close to 16%, and the error gaps between different monetary intervals are also large. With the increase in strike price, the change rate of options under the random volatility model is faster than that of options under VIX index. When the strike price increases to 0.6, the two options are equal. The fitting trend of the stochastic volatility model for implied volatility at different maturity dates first decreases and then tends to a fixed value. The implied volatility of the 60-day-expiring option has changed significantly, showing a trend of increasing first and then tending to a fixed value (0.8). In contrast, the implied volatility of the 90-day-expiring option and the 120-day-expiring option almost have no change. When w (fractional operator) takes 1 and Y takes 1.6 and 1.3, the solution to the stochastic volatility model is consistent with that to the classic CGMY model. When w takes 1, the stochastic volatility model has the same solution as the classic CGMY and BS models. As the fractional order of time increases, the trend of asset price changes becomes smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of the high thermal stability near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors is significantly crucial for the development of plant lighting. However, NIR phosphors suffer from the poor chemical and thermal stability, which severely limits their long‐term operation. Here, the successful improvement of luminous intensity (149.5%) and thermal stability at 423 K of Zn3Ga2GeO8 (ZGGO): Cr3+ phosphors is achieved for the introduction of Al3+ ions into the host. The release of carriers in deep traps inhibits the emission loss for the thermal disturbance. Furthermore, an NIR light emitting diodes (LEDs) lamp is explored by combining the optimized Zn3Ga1.1675Al0.8GeO8: 0.0325Cr3+ phosphors with a commercial 460 nm blue chip, and the emission band can match well with the absorption bands of photosynthetic pigments and the phytochrome (PR and PFR) of plants. The explored LEDs lamp further determines the growth and the pheromone content of the involved plants for the participation of the NIR emission originated from Cr3+ ions. Our work provides a promising NIR lamp as plant light with improved thermal stability for long‐term operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, four different techniques were concurrently applied to study the interplay between local electroactivity and electrode surface characteristics of free-standing, polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD). Scanning electron microscopy, electron back-scatter diffraction, Raman mapping and scanning electrochemical microscopy were used to probe the electrode morphology, grain orientation and boundaries, composition, and local electrochemical activity, respectively. Both nucleation and growth BDD surfaces together with the cross-section area were carefully investigated for the first time in a single study using the combination of all four techniques. This enabled us to obtain significant insights into the highly heterogeneous nature of the polycrystalline BDD material. Notably, boron dopants were confirmed to be non-uniformly distributed over the BDD material, which is characterized by a distinct columnar structure and composition of grains of various orientations. Particularly, the highest electrochemical activity was recorded on the highest doped (111) crystal orientation. In contrast, the averagely boron-doped (100)-oriented facet showed non-conductive nature. This highlights that the local electrochemical activity of the BDD surface is strongly grain-dependent and the most significant factors governing the obtained responses are crystallographic orientation and boron doping. Moreover, increased boron and sp2 carbon content in the boundary regions was recognized by Raman mapping. However, such localized enrichment in impurities did not translate into enhanced electrochemical activity, which implies that boron atoms at the inter-grain areas are predominantly inactive. Finally, it is crucial to consider all characteristics of the polycrystalline BDD including crystal orientation, which is particularly relevant if micro- and nanoscale probing is intended. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high‐performance anode materials for potassium‐based energy storage devices with long‐term cyclability requires combined innovations from rational material design to electrolyte optimization. A three‐dimensional K+‐pre‐intercalated Ti3C2Tx MXene with enlarged interlayer distance was constructed for efficient electrochemical potassium‐ion storage. We found that the optimized solvation structure of the concentrated ether‐based electrolyte leads to the formation of a thin and inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the K+‐pre‐intercalated Ti3C2Tx electrode, which is beneficial for interfacial stability and reaction kinetics. As a proof of concept, 3D K+‐Ti3C2Tx//activated carbon (AC) potassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) were assembled, which exhibited promising electrochemical performances. These results highlight the significant roles of both rational structure design and electrolyte optimization for highly reactive MXene‐based anode materials in energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]