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Surgery of jawbones has a high potential risk of causing complications associated with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two drive modeling methods on the biomechanical behavior of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) including articular disc during mandibular movements. A finite element (FE) model from a healthy human computed tomography was used to evaluate TMJ dynamic using two methods, namely, a conventional spatial‐oriented method (displacement‐driven) and a compliant muscle‐initiated method (masticatory muscle‐driven). The same virtual FE model was 3D printed and a custom designed experimental platform was established to validate the accuracy of experimental and theoretical results of the TMJ biomechanics during mandibular movements. The results show that stress distributed to TMJ and articular disc from mandibular movements provided better representation from the muscle‐driving approach than those of the displacement‐driven modeling. The simulation and experimental data exhibited significant strong correlations during opening, protrusion, and laterotrusion (with canonical correlation coefficients of 0.994, 0.993, and 0.932, respectively). The use of muscle‐driven modeling holds promise for more accurate forecasting of stress analysis of TMJ and articular disc during mandibular movements. The compliant approach to analyze TMJ dynamics would potentially contribute to clinic diagnosis and prediction of TMD resulting from occlusal disease and jawbone surgery such as orthognathic surgery or tumor resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas become the hotspot in worldwide petroleum industry at present and in the future time. The unconventional resources are the succession and growth of conventional oil and gas production. Mineral resource investigations reveal that tight oil reservoirs in China contain highly geological and recoverable reserves, effective development of which is of great significance but restricted by poor reservoir physical properties and complex oil-water distribution. After decades of exploration and development, low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs have been successfully developed. However, development patterns and flow mechanisms suitable for tight oil are still insufficient, and the field application is far from mature yet. This study first summarized the resource distribution, geological characteristics, exploration, and development status of tight oil reservoirs in China. Then, development patterns and corresponding fundamental scientific issues of tight oil reservoirs were discussed. Corresponding nonlinear flow laws, mathematical flow models of multi-field and multiscale related to different exploitation patterns and scientific issues were summarized. Related study results of the authors were also introduced. Finally, a future development trend was proposed for each aspect. We hope that this study will provide some guiding to promote the tight oil exploration in China.

Ten mixed-breed female dogs were used in the study. Abdominal wall lifting was performed with a sterilised cotton strip. Four portal sites were used to complete gasless laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (GLOHE) procedures. The proper and suspensor ligament, ovarian pedicle, and broad ligament of the uterus, uterine artery and vein were coagulated using bipolar electrocoagulation. After the uterine body was coagulated and cut, the end of the cervix was ligated with a loop suture. Blood samples were obtained before the surgery, immediately after the procedure, and on 1, 3, and 5 d postoperatively for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). No significant surgical complications occurred. After gasless laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy, a significantly higher serum IL-6 level was found immediately after the surgery and 1 d postoperatively when compared with the level observed after traditional laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (LOHE). However, no significant differences were observed in CRP level between GLOHE and LOHE. GLOHE proved to be a safe and feasible procedure in bitches.