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The community Noah with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP) land surface model (LSM) that is widely used in studies from uncoupled land surface hydrometeorology and ecohydrology to coupled weather and climate predictions. In this study, we developed NMP-Hydro, a hydrological model written in CSharp(C#). NMP-Hydro was developed by faithfully translating the FORTRAN version Noah-MP from the uncoupled WRF-Hydro 3.0, and was coupled with a river routing model. NMP-Hydro exhibits the capacity of parallel execution on Windows systems, utilizing the multi-core CPUs commonly available in today's personal computers. The code of NMP-Hydro has been rigorously tested to ensure that it produces a high-degree of consistency with the simulation output of the original WRF-Hydro. High-resolution (6 km) simulations were conducted and assessed over a grid domain covering the entire Yellow River Basin and the most part of North China. The spatial maps and temporal variations of many state variables simulated by NMP-Hydro and WRF-Hydro/Noah-MP demonstrate consistent results, with occasionally minor discrepancies. The river discharge for the Yellow River under various scheme combinations of six Noah-MP parameterizations exhibits general close agreement with the natural river discharge at the Lanzhou station. NMP-Hydro can be regarded as a reliable replica of Noah-MP in WRF-Hydro 3.0, but it can leverage the modern, powerful, and user-friendly features brought by the C # language to significantly improve the efficiency of the model users and developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-commutating multilevel current reinjection is a potential alternative to conventional HVDC thyristor technology. An important drawback of the multilevel configurations is the interdependence of the reactive power injections at both ends of the link. This paper describes a new concept applicable to large power converters consisting of two series-connected twelve-pulse groups. It is based on the use of a controllable shift between the firings of the two twelve-pulse groups in opposite directions, a new concept that provides independent reactive power control at the sending and receiving ends. The theory is verified by EMTDC simulation. Index Terms--HVDC transmission, multilevel conversion, reactive power control.

A back to back (BTB) HVdc interconnector consisting of multilevel current reinjection (MLCR) converters is described, based on the parallel converter configuration. Since the MLCR creates a zero current region during the commutations, the proposed BTB configuration permits the continued use of thyristor valves, without loosing the control flexibility of the self-commutating process. Extensive EMTDC simulation is used to demonstrate the satisfactory response of the proposed BTB HVdc interconnector control structure to varying active and reactive power operating conditions. Index Terms--Current source conversion, HVdc, self-commutating conversion.

Objective: To determine the effect of tanshinone IIA on the growth and apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line HepG2., Methods: The human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was treated with tanshinone IIA at various concentrations for 72 h. The inhibition of proliferation was measured by MTT assay and apoptosis-related alterations in morphology measured by cytochemical staining (HT33258). DNA fragmentation was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Apoptotic rate and cell arrest were quantified by flow cytometry (FCM)., Results: Tanshinone IIA inhibited the growth of HepG2 in a time- and dose- dependent manner. The semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) value after the treatment with tanshinone IIA on HepG2 for 24, 48 and 72 h were 14.7, 7.4, and 3.9 microg/ mL, respectively. After the treatment with 0.5 - 10 microg/mL tanshinone IIA for 72 h, the formation of apoptotic bodies was observed. DNA ladder was shown in agarose gel electrophoresis, in addition to the cells treated by 1.0 microg/mL tanshinone IIA . The apoptotic rates at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 microg/mL for 72 h were 20.32%+/-2.16%, 28.0%+/-2.35%, 33.87%+/-3.43%, 46.73%+/-4.08% and 57.85%+/-3.74%, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Tanshinone IIA can inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line HepG2 in a time- and dose- dependent manner, and the mechanism of growth inhibition of human hepatoma cells may be related to the induction of apoptosis.

Objective: To explore the levels of sex hormones in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its role in the genesis of SLE., Methods: The serum levels of estradiol, estriol, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin were determined by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay in 98 female patients with SLE and compared with those of 38 healthy women., Results: The serum levels of estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and prolactin were significantly higher than those in the healthy women (P <0.05). The serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin in patients with SLE in 25 to 34 year old group were higher than the other age groups and the control group (P < 0.05), and the serum levels of estradiol and prolactin in patients with active phase of SLE were significantly higher than those in patients with stable phase of SLE (P <0.05)., Conclusion: The levels of sex hormones have a close corretation with the genesis and development of SLE.