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BACKGROUND Reduced sulfide compound is a typical odorant characterized by high activity and is difficult to store. Therefore, suitable storage conditions are of great significance for the accurate determination of reduced sulfides. OBJECTIVES To understand the causes of loss and deterioration of highly active reduced sulfides, and to select the optimal storage conditions. METHODS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to investigate the loss of the process of storing reduced sulfides by bag sampling from the following four factors, air bag material, initial concentration of reduced sulfide, reduced sulfide property, and storage time. Sample bags, Tedlar®PVF and Teflon®FEP, were used as object bags. Using 5 initial concentrations (0.001, 0.010, 0.100, 1.000 and 10.000μg/mL) of mixed reduced sulfides, 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h as the storage time, using the response factor and relative recovery as the evaluation factor, and using the paired t-test and adsorption kinetics, the main factors affecting the storage effect, the mechanism of material loss and the comparison of the storage capacity of the two sampling bags were studied. RESULTS The results show that the longer the storage time, the higher the initial concentration of the substance, and the stronger the activity of the substance, the more serious the loss. When the ambient temperature reaches 60℃, the substrate background of Tedlar®PVF is more complicated than that of Teflon®FEP. Under the same conditions, the reduced sulfides are more severely damaged during Teflon®FEP storage. CONCLUSIONS It was suggested that:(1) the reduced sulfide be stored in shad after sampling; (2) analysis should be finished within eight hours and two hours for low and high concentration, respectively; (3) Teflon®FEP be used at high temperature and Tedlar®PVF at low temperature. The research results were beneficial to ensure the storage stability of the reduced sulfide samples, minimize the situation of odor pollution, and provide technical support for the analysis of odor pollution and the subsequent control and treatment of odor pollution.

The experiment was to compare and analyze the nutrients of Zhang silage series millet and silage maize. Field experiments were carried out on 18 silage millet varieties and 12 silage maize varieties for two years. The results showed that silage millet in moisture, crude protein, soluble protein, trace elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, chlorine) content were higher than that of silage corn, the dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid washing fiber, crude fat, starch, total digestible nutrients, net energy of lactation, net energy of maintenance, net energy of weight gain were lower than that of silage corn, There was no significant difference in content of phosphorus and soluble carbohydrate between silage millet and silage corn (P >0.05). According to principal component analysis, the comprehensive scores of all silage millet varieties tested were higher than those of silage corn varieties, and the top three varieties in comprehensive scores were Zhang silage No. 19, Zhang silage No. 4 and Zhang silage No. 3. The experiment indicates that silage millet can provide more protein and medium and trace elements for livestock and poultry, while silage maize is more conducive to the digestion and absorption of livestock and poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental studied the relationship between biological traits and climate factors of silage maize planted at different latitudes, to reveal the difference of response of silage maize growth and development to climate factors and the dynamic characteristics and adaptability of silage maize affected by climate change. Using Demeiya No.1 as material, silage maize were planted at eight different latitudes, and the main climatic factors, phenological period and yield related traits of silage maize were observed. The results showed that the phenological period of silage maize was delayed with the change of latitude from low to high. The time from sowing to seedling emergence was obviously affected by latitude. The seedling emergence was 10~15 d in high latitude region and 7~10 d in low latitude region. The growth period from seedling emergence to silking gradually increased with the increase of latitude, generally at 50~60 d. The period from silking to maturity was about 40 d, and the latitude had no obvious effect. The yield weight increased with the decrease of latitude. The study indicates that effective accumulated temperature is the main factor affecting fresh weight (0.546), dry weight (0.653*) and female ear weight (0.572*), and precipitation is the main negative factor (-0.602*) affecting dry weight of silage corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background EV71 is associated with the fatal cases of brain stem encephalitis during large HFMD outbreaks from 1998 to 2008. EV71 may continuously shed from upper respiratory tracts and feces of HFMD patients for relatively long time after recovery. However, the persistence of viruses in the patients' secretions and excretions is not clear. Methods Serial throat swabs and feces of 34 definitely diagnosed patients, including 30 mild cases and 4 severe cases, were traced and collected with the interval of 2 to 4 days for up to 32 and 48 days, respectively, and tested by a nested RT-PCR. Results The EV-71 specific sequences were identified by a Nested RT-PCR in all specimens of 0-4 days, and 5-8 days. The positive rates of EV71 in throat swabs dropped markedly to 42.86% during 9-12 days, and maintained at 20-30% during 13-24 days, while that in feces reduced to 71.43% during 9-12 days, and maintained roughly 20% till 37-40 days. EV71 nucleotide of 36.36% cases disappeared simultaneously both in throats and feces, 39.39% cases showed longer persistence of EV71 nucleotides in feces, and 21.21% were longer in throats. The longest duration of shedding observed was 24 days for throat swabs and 42 days for fecal specimens. Conclusions EV71 shedding from respiratory tract may continue for nearly four weeks after onset, but its excretion through feces can persist more than five weeks.

The aim of the present study was to identify genes under the effect of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), high glucose (HG) and glucosamine (GlcN) in MES-13 mesangial cells and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The gene expression datasets GSE2557 and GSE2558 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were independently screened using the GEO2R online tool. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Cytoscape software. The hub genes were identified by the NetworkAnalyzer plugin. Overlapping genes were subjected to molecular docking analysis using SystemsDock. A total of 202 upregulated and 158 downregulated DEGs from the HG-treated groups, 138 upregulated and 103 downregulated DEGs from the GlcN-treated groups, and 81 upregulated and 44 downregulated DEGs from the TGF-β1-treated groups were identified. The majority of the DEGs were independently enriched in 'nucleosome assembly', 'chromatin silencing' and 'xenobiotic glucuronidation'. In addition, KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum' and 'aldarate metabolism pathway', and 'TNF signaling pathway' intersected in the TGF-β1-treated and HG-treated groups. In total, eight hub genes, Jun, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), fibronectin 1 (Fn1), cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)2, Fos, heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (Hspa5), Hsp90b1 and homo sapiens hypoxia upregulated 1 (Hyou1), and three overlapping genes, Ras homolog gene family, member B (RHOB), complement factor H (CFH) and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), were selected. Valsartan with RHOB, and fosinopril with CFH and KLF15 had preferential binding activity. In conclusion, Jun, Ptgs2, Fn1, Cdk2, Fos, Hspa5, Hsp90b1, Hyou1, RHOB, CFH and KLF15 may be potential therapeutic targets for mesangial cells associated with DN, which may provide insight into DN treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]