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22. Activated NK cells kill hepatic stellate cells via p38/PI3K signaling in a TRAIL-involved degranulation manner

Author

Crispe, Ian Nicholas, Yang, Yang, Cui, An, Li, Tianyang, Song, Hongxiao, Li, Haijun, Liu, Yanhou, Su, Lishan, and Tu, Zhengkun

Abstract

NK cells are important in regulating hepatic fibrosis via their cytotoxic killing of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). NK cells are activated by both cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-18, and innate immune stimuli such as ligation of TLRs. The secretion of IL-18 depends upon activation of the inflammasome, whereas TLRs are stimulated by microbial products. In the case of NK cells, IL-18 acts synergistically with stimulation of TLR3 to cause cell activation and cytotoxic function. In the present study, we activated NK cells to kill HSCs via IL-18 and TLR3 ligand stimulation, and dissected the signaling pathways or molecules critical for such activation or killing. We find that such activation depends on signaling via the p38/PI3K/AKT pathway, and that the activatedNK cells mediate HSC death in a TRAIL-involved mechanism. As liver fibrosis is a major global health problem with no good solution, these results emphasize that the p38/PI3K/AKT pathway in NK cells may be a novel drug target to promote fibrosis regression.

Published
2019
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27. Assembly Process Modeling Method Based on Matrix Technique.

Author

Liu Yanhou, Zuo Durvwen, and Zhang Dan

Subjects
*DISCRETE systems, *SYSTEMS theory, *MATRICES (Mathematics), *MANUFACTURING processes, *PRODUCTION engineering
Abstract

Assembly is a classic discrete production, and assembly process is a flow of assembly state transition which is driven by assembly task. A new method, based on matrix technique, is presented to be used to model the assembly process. By adopting the new method, elements of assembly process such as assembly task, assembly state and assembly precedence relations are shown as matrix, and the assembly process is represented by the process of matrix calculation, which includes testing of the assembly task's operability, assembly state transition, update of assembly precedence relations and so on. Because of the hierarchy of production structure, the assembly process can also be segmented into several sub-assembly processes that are reflected on block matrix, and then the assembly process modeling with hierarchy is established. The feasible assembly sequence is obtained from the process which is expressed by matrix, providing the basis for the optimization of assembly sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

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