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Background: Inbreeding, a central theme in evolutionary and conservation biology, is a crucial practice in breeding to stabilize and enhance the specific traits or to establish inbred lines. It also carries the risk of inbreeding depression, reduced fitness, and increased potential for extinction. Nevertheless, inbreeding has been extensively studied in small and endangered populations but its effects in large domesticated animals are poorly understood. Here, we aim to investigate the genomic consequences of inbreeding in the Banna miniature inbred pig (BN), a breed that has been inbred for over 40 years. Results: We have sequenced 41 genomes of BN and Diannan miniature pig (DN) at high-coverage (> 31×) and combined them with published whole-genomes of swine to comprehensively investigate the genetic consequences of inbreeding. We find that BN is genetically closely related to DN, which is consistent with breeding records. All families of BN have undergone an extreme bottleneck due to intensive inbreeding, resulting in higher genomic inbreeding coefficients, reduced genetic diversity, and a lower effective population size (Ne) compare to non-inbred pigs. Furthermore, BN and DN exhibit an increased genetic load relative to Asian wild boars. Prolonged inbreeding and bottlenecks have led to some purging of deleterious mutations in BN compared to DN, and a conversion from masked load to realized load. Conclusions: We present a comprehensive analysis to understand and assess the consequences of inbreeding in miniature inbred pigs from a perspective of population genomics. Utilizing genomic measurements proves effective in estimating the consequences of inbreeding, especially when a detailed and accurate historical record of pedigree are lacking. Our results provide valuable resources and a detailed perspective on the genomic impacts of inbreeding, potentially guiding efforts in breeding, breed improvement, and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Objective To investigate whether miR-205 can regulate wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a (Wnt-5a) to inhibit the papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cell proliferation. Methods RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-205 and Wnt-5a in PTC tissues and adjacent normal tissues.Further correlation analysis between miR-205 and Wnt-5a was carried out. The low expression of miR-205 related to the stage of PTC TMN and lymph node metastasis was also discussed. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR was also used to detect NTHY-OR-3-1 and PTC cell lines (K1 and BCPAP). In addition, the proliferation of PTC cells was detected by CCK-8 after over expression and inhibition of miR-205. Xenograft tumor formation test was used to observe whether inhibition of miR-205 acceler- ates the growth of tumor. The online target gene prediction software and dual luciferase reporter gene test were used to predict and verify whether Wnt-5a is the target gene of miR-205. Results The expression of miR-205 was significantly lower than that of surrounding normal tissues, and the expression of Wnt-5a was significantly higher. TNM stage and lymph node metastasis severity of PTC patients were significantly higher in patients with low miR-205 expression than in patients with high miR-205 expression. Low expression of miR-205 showed a poor survival rate. Expression of miR-205 in NTHY-OR-3-1 was significantly lower than that of K1 and BCPAP. miR-205 inhibited the proliferation of PTC cells. Over-expression of miR-205 also inhibited the growth of PTC. It was confirmed that Wnt-5a was the target gene of miR-205 by luciferase reporter assay. Conclusions miR-205 plays an anti-cancer role in PTC, which may be a potential therapeutic target. more...

This study presents the synthesis, structural characterization, and evaluation of the photocatalytic performance of two novel one-dimensional (1D) lead(II) bromide hybrids, [Co(2,2′-bpy)3][Pb2Br6CH3OH] (1) and [Fe(2,2′-bpy)3][Pb2Br6] (2), synthesized via solvothermal reactions. These compounds incorporate transition metal complex cations as structural directors, contributing to the unique photophysical and photocatalytic properties of the resulting materials. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that both compounds crystallize in monoclinic space groups with distinct 1D lead bromide chain configurations influenced by the nature of the complex cations. Optical property assessments show band gaps of 3.04 eV and 2.02 eV for compounds 1 and 2, respectively, indicating their potential for visible light absorption. Photocurrent measurements indicate a significantly higher electron–hole separation efficiency in compound 2, correlated with its narrower band gap. Additionally, photocatalytic evaluations demonstrate that while both compounds degrade organic dyes effectively, compound 2 also exhibits notable hydrogen evolution activity under visible light, a property not observed in 1. These findings highlight the role of metal complex cations in tuning the electronic and structural properties of lead(II) bromide hybrids, enhancing their applicability in photocatalytic and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Drought stress is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Plants adapt to changing soil moisture by modifying root architecture, inducing stomatal closure, and inhibiting shoot growth. The AP2/ERF transcription factor DREB2A plays a key role in maintaining plant growth in response to drought stress, but the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains to be elucidated. Here, it was found that overexpression of MdDREB2A positively regulated nitrogen utilisation by interacting with DRE cis‐elements of the MdNIR1 promoter. Meanwhile, MdDREB2A could also directly bind to the promoter of MdSWEET12, which may enhance root development and nitrogen assimilation, ultimately promoting plant growth. Overall, this regulatory mechanism provides an idea for plants in coordinating with drought tolerance and nitrogen assimilation to maintain optimal plant growth and development under drought stress. Summary statement: In this study, it was found that MdDREB2A positively regulated nitrogen utilisation by interacting with the promoter of the nitrite reductase gene MdNIR1. Meanwhile, MdDREB2A could also promote MdSWEET12‐modulated carbon translocation from shoot to root, further promoting plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Compared with conventional FIR and IIR broadband beamformers, the Laguerre broadband beamformer based on the Frost structure can achieve perfect performance. However, it needs the optimal solution of the solo pole, and it suffers high computational complexity and slow convergence speed. To address these problems, a novel Laguerre wideband beamforming algorithm based on GSC is proposed. A novel solution of the poles based on the least square method with low computational complexity is presented on the basis of the GSC structure of a Laguerre wideband beamformer. Thereafter, the broadband beamformer is achieved using the normalized LMS method. The simulations illustrate that without the optimal process of adjusting the solo pole in the Laguerre broadband beamformer based on the Frost structure, the proposed method can ensure high output SINR, reduce the computational complexity, and improve the convergence speed. more...

In multipath environment, the conventional Capon beamformer suffers from signal cancellation mainly because of the variation in phase differences (near ±π ) between the array output corresponding to the signal of interest and multipath interferences. To solve this problem, a novel beamforming method for multipath signal reception is proposed. This method uses an antidiagonal unit matrix to construct a new covariance matrix and a constrained steering vector. Then, the weighting vector is obtained based on the minimum variance distortionless response criterion and the array output is performed. The proposed method does not have to estimate the direction of arrival of multipath interferences and uncorrelated interferences; moreover, the array output can improve by adjusting the number of array elements. The simulations demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over the conventional Capon and multipath signal reception methods. more...

It is an extremely complex process of controlling walking motion for humanoid robot, and its dynamics model has many rich features. The article puts forward a kind of optimization design method on any time humanoid robot walking movement. Firstly, this article makes a stability analysis of walking humanoid robot based on the ZMP criterion, at the same time with the design of using a humanoid robot walking movement by the criterion of the error between the expectations and kinetic energy of the weighted kinetic minimum norm make the problem into a second‐order cone programming (SOCP) optimization problem, then use the interior point method to solve the kinetic energy of optimization coefficient of the humanoid robot walking movement, and by compares with the LMS design method and genetic algorithms, finally the algorithm is validated in the simulation and experiment, the numerical results are present for illustration. more...

Affective factors have been associated with an array of driving behaviors. However, the mechanism by which emotion influences driving behaviors remains largely unknown. In the present study, a probabilistic approach for characterizing the emotional influence on driving behavioral decision-making was proposed. First, a series of experiments were designed to obtain the human-vehicle-environment data when the drivers, whose emotional states were effectively induced, were driving a vehicle in the car-following scene. Next, a Bayesian Network (BN) was developed to model the causal relationships between driving behavioral tendency, driver's emotion and other indicators related to vehicle driving. Finally, the driver's different tendencies in driving behavior caused by emotional factors were analyzed through calculating the probability distribution of driving behavioral tendency under different emotional conditions in the BN. The research results are not only beneficial to improve the accuracy of driving behavior identification and prediction which is of great significance for vehicle active safety, but also have a potential promoting effect on human-computer harmonious interaction of vehicle system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...