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Neoconidiobolus pseudothromboides B. Huang & Y. Nie, sp. nov., FIGURE 2 MycoBank no.: MB843838 Etymology. pseudothromboides (Lat.), referring to the similarity of this fungus to Neoconidiobolus thromboides. Known distribution. Anhui Province, China. Maximum growth temperature. 31 °C. Specimens examined. China, Anhui Province, Ma’anshan City, Cuiluo Mountain, 31°65′ N, 118°46′ E, from plant detritus, 7 Oct 2021, Z.M. Wang and Z.Y. Zhou, holotype JGXY 211007. Ex-type culture RCEF 6692. GenBank: nucLSU = ON391168; EFL = OL286957; mtSSU = ON310965). Description. Colonies white, reaching ca 13 mm diameter on PDA for 3 d at 21 °C. Mycelia colorless, 4.0–9.0 µm wide, rarely branched at the edge, often septate and distended to segments with a width of 11.0–20.0 μm after 3 d. Primary conidiophores colorless, unbranched and producing a single conidium, 70.0–220.0 × 6.0–10.0 µm. Primary conidia forcibly discharged, colorless, globose, 20.0–25.0 µm wide and 24.0–30.0 µm long, with a small basal papilla 5.0–9.0 µm wide and 2.0–4.0 µm long. Secondary conidia only one type, discharged on 2 % water agar, arising from the primary ones which were similar in shape and smaller in size. Zygospores commonly formed between 2 contiguous segments of the same hypha after 5 d. Mature zygospores including not only a big globule located on one side, but also many smaller globules surround the big globule, smooth, colorless, mostly globose to subglobose, 15.0–25.0 μm in diameter with a wall 1.0–2.0 μm thick., Published as part of Nie, Yong, Wang, Zi-Min, Zhou, Zheng-Yu, Zhao, Heng, Liu, Xiao-Yong & Huang, Bo, 2022, A new species of Neoconidiobolus (Entomophthorales, Ancylistaceae) from China based on morphological, molecular and physiological evidences, pp. 149-157 in Phytotaxa 574 (2) on page 152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7380835

Cunninghamella verrucosa H. Zhao & X.Y. Liu, sp. nov., Figure 2. Fungal Names: FN570978 Etymology: verrucosa (Lat.) referring to the species producing broken pedicels on the surface of vesicles. Holotype: HMAS 351937. Colonies on PDA at 25 ˚C for 5 days, reaching 90 mm in diameter, more than 15 mm high, firstly white, soon becoming gray, floccose, irregular at margin. Hyphae flourishing, branched, aseptate when young, septate when old, 2.8–15.7 μm in diameter. Rhizoids root-like, very developed. Stolons present. Sporangiophores arising from aerial hyphae, erect, or slight bent, always broaden upwards, usually unbranched, occasionally simply branched, monopodial. Septa underneath vesicles if present. Vesicles usually clavate and oval, sometimes subglobose, hyaline or subhyaline, rough, sometimes with lipid droplets, and usually with one to several broken pedicels on surface, 10.8–31.6 μm long and 7.5–20.8 μm wide. Apophyses distinct, hyaline or subhyaline, 2.9–7.8 µm high, gradually widened, 3.3–6.3 µm wide at the base, and 4.5–10.8 µm wide at the top. Pedicels distinct, 2.6–6.1 μm long, bearing pedicels. Sporangiola borne on pedicels, globose with thick spines, 10.9–17.6 μm in diameter. Chlamydospores absent. Zygospores unknown. Materials examined: China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 23°11’47.59”N, 113°22’50.61”E, from soil sample, 28 February 2022, Ting Zhao and Wen-Ying Wu (holotype HMAS 351937, living ex-holotype culture CGMCC 3.16111, and living culture XY09506)., Published as part of Wang, Yu-Jie, Zhao, Ting, Wu, Wen-Ying, Wang, Mu & Liu, Xiao-Yong, 2022, Cunninghamella verrucosa sp. nov. (Mucorales, Mucoromycota) from Guangdong Province in China, pp. 274-284 in Phytotaxa 560 (3) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7042667

A key to the species and varieties of Cunninghamella Together with the new species proposed in this paper, a total of 22 taxa of Cunninghamella, including 19 species and three varieties, were described in the world (Zheng and Chen 2001, Guo et al. 2015, Hyde et al. 2016, Zhang et al. 2020, Hallur et al. 2021, Suwannarach et al. 2021, Zhao et al. 2021b). Consequently, a key to the 22 taxa is updated herein. 1. Chlamydospores present.............................................................................................................................................. C. saisamornae 1. Chlamydospores absent......................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Zygospores present.............................................................................................................................................................................3 2. Zygospores absent............................................................................................................................................................................10 3. Homothallic................................................................................................................................................................ C. homothallica 3. Heterothallic.......................................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Sporangiola are two types, globose to broadly ellipsoid or ovoid, or dark giant sporangiola exclusively globose...........................5 4. Sporangiola are more types, ovoid, ellipsoid, globose, subglobose, or lacrymoid............................................................................6 5. Sporophores without verticillate branches............................................................................................ C. echinulata var. echinulata 5. Sporophores usually with many whorls of verticillate branches or pseudoverticillate branches.......... C. echinulata var. verticillata 6. Sporangiola reaching 15 µm...............................................................................................................................................................7 6. Sporangiola C. phaeospora 7. Suspensors mainly equal in shape but unequal in length, rarely unequal in shape...................................................... C. polymorpha 7. Suspensors mostly unequal in shape and size, rarely equal...............................................................................................................8 8. Suspensors mainly equal in shape but unequal in length, rarely unequal in shape...................................................... C. polymorpha 8. Suspensors mostly unequal in shape and size, rarely equal...............................................................................................................9 9. Maximum growth temperature ≤ 36 ˚ C.............................................................................................................................. C. elegans 9. Maximum growth temperature> 36 ˚ C..................................................................................................................... C. blakesleeana 10 Sporangioles are globose.................................................................................................................................................................11 10. Sporangioles are globose to subglobose, ellipsoid, ovoid or lacrymoid..........................................................................................15 11. Causing as opportunistic pathogens of mucormycosis................................................................................................... C. arunalokei 11. Not reported causing as opportunistic pathogens until now.............................................................................................................12 12. Vesicles clavate.................................................................................................................................................................................13 12. Vesicles globose to subglobose........................................................................................................................................................14 13. Branches 1–4, single, in pairs, or 3–4 arranged pseudoverticillately, vesicles without warts............................................. C. clavata 13. Usually unbranched, occasionally simply branched, monopodial, vesicles bearing warts............................... C. verrucosa sp. nov. 14. Maximum growth temperature ≤ 43 ˚ C......................................................................................................................... C. intermedia 14. Maximum growth temperature> 43 ˚ C........................................................................................................................ C. globospora 15. Sporophores with many septa.............................................................................................................................................. C. septata 15. Sporophores without septa, or one to serval septa...........................................................................................................................16 16. Sporophores typically nodulous.................................................................................................................. C. echinulata var. nodosa 16. Sporophores not nodulous................................................................................................................................................................17 17. Sporophores sympodial, not verticillate......................................................................................................................... C. vesiculosa 17. Sporophores not sympodial, but verticillate.....................................................................................................................................18 18. Sporophores pseudoverticillate........................................................................................................................................................19 18. Sporophores not pseudoverticillate..................................................................................................................................................20 19. Giant cells present..................................................................................................................................................... C. gigacellularis 19. Giant cells absent.................................................................................................................................... C. echinulata var. antarctica 20. Vesicles subglobose to pyriform........................................................................................................................................ C. bigelovii 20. Vesicles globose to subglobose, ovoid or irregular..........................................................................................................................21 21. Vesicles regular........................................................................................................................................................... C. guizhouensis 21. Vesicles irregular..............................................................................................................................................................................22 22. Sporangiola lacrymoid....................................................................................................................................................... C. binariae 22. Sporangiola not lacrymoid.................................................................................................................................... C. multiverticillata, Published as part of Wang, Yu-Jie, Zhao, Ting, Wu, Wen-Ying, Wang, Mu & Liu, Xiao-Yong, 2022, Cunninghamella verrucosa sp. nov. (Mucorales, Mucoromycota) from Guangdong Province in China, pp. 274-284 in Phytotaxa 560 (3) on pages 280-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7042667, {"references":["Zheng, R. Y. & Chen, G. Q (2001) A monograph of Cunninghamella. Mycotaxon 80: 1 - 75","Guo, J., Wang, H., Liu, D., Zhang, J. N., Zhao, Y. H., Liu, T. X. & Xin, Z. H. (2015) Isolation of Cunninghamella bigelovii sp. nov. CGMCC 8094 as a new endophytic oleaginous fungus from Salicornia bigelovii. Mycological Progress 14: 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 015 - 1029 - z","Hyde, K. D., Hongsanan, S., Jeewon, R., Bhat, J. D., McKenzie, E. H. C., Jones, E. B. G., Phookamsak, R., Ariyawansa, H. A., Boonmee, S., Zhao, Q., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Banmai, S., Chomnunti, P., Cui, B. K., Daranagama, D. A., Das, K., Dayarathne, M. C., De Silva, N. I., Dissanayake, A. J., Doilom, M., Ekanayaka, A. H., Gibertoni, T. B., Go´es-Neto, A., Huang, S. K., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R., Konta, S., Lee, H. B., Li, W. J., Lin, C. G., Liu, J. K., Lu, Y. Z., Luo, Z. L., Manawasinghe, I. S., Manimohan, P., Mapook, A., Niskanen, T., Norphanphoun, C., Papizadeh, M., Perera, R. H., Phukhamsakda, C., Richter, C., de A. Santiago, A. L. C. M., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Senanayake, I. C. & Tanaka, K. (2016) Fungal diversity notes 367 - 490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 80: 1 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 016 - 0373 - x","Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, Y. X., Shen, X., Chen, W. H., Han, Y. F., Huang, J. Z. & Liang, Z. Q. (2020) Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Cunninghamella guizhouensis sp. nov. (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales), from soil in Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 455: 31 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 455.1.4","Hallur, V., Prakash, H., Sable, M., Preetam, C., Purushotham, P., Senapati, R., Shankarnarayan, S. A., Bag, N. D. & Rudramurthy, S. M. (2021) Cunninghamella arunalokei a new species of Cunninghamella from India causing disease in an immunocompetent individual. Journal of Fungi 7: 670. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / jof 7080670","Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J., Supo, C., Honda, Y., Nakazawa, T., Khanongnuch, C. & Wongputtisin, P. (2021) Cunninghamella saisamornae (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales), a new soil fungus from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 509: 291 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 509.3.4","Zhao, H., Zhu, J., Zong, T. K., Liu, X. L., Ren, L. Y., Lin, Q., Qiao, M., Nie, Y., Zhang, Z. D. & Liu, X. Y. (2021 b) Two new species in the family Cunninghamellaceae from China. Mycobiology 49: 142 - 150."]}

Species of Cunninghamella are ubiquitous in soil, flower and plant debris. Its metabolites have various biological activities, such as antifungal and antibacterial functions. In this study, we describe a new species C. verrucosa from soil in Guangdong Province, China. This species is characterized by one to several broken pedicels on the surface of clavate vesicles, unbranched or simply branched sporangiophores, and globose sporangiola. Phylogenetic analyses strongly show that C. verrucosa is sister to C. clavata. Together with this new species, a total of 22 taxa, including 19 species and three varieties, has been described in Cunninghamella. Accordingly, an updated key to the taxa of Cunninghamella is also provided in this study.