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The article presents a study which examines the effects of buzhong yiqi pills on the mucin 1 (MUC1), cythochrome C oxidase (COX), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and interaction in gastric tissue of diabetic rats. It says that the diabetic rat gastric mucosa damage model was intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) and orally administered to ethanol. The results of study is discussed.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The leaves of Quercus dentata Thunb. (QD), a member of the Fagaceae family and genus Quercus, with distributions in China, Japan, Korea, and other regions. As recorded in the Ben Cao Gang Mu (Compendium of Materia Medica) and other classical Chinese medical texts, QD has been traditionally employed in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for their hemostatic and diuretic effects and has been used to treat urinary stones (Lin Zheng). It is also the main ingredient of the Mishitong capsule (MST), a Chinese patent drug, used for kidney stones and ureteral stones. Nonetheless, the specific active ingredients and the mechanisms of QD in treating kidney stones remain to be elucidated, which is crucial for advancing the scientific understanding and clinical application of this traditional medicine., Aim of Study: This study aimed to identify the active constituents of QD water extract (QDWE), explore its inhibitory effects on kidney stones through in vitro and in vivo studies, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the OPN/CD44 axis and the NLRP3 signaling pathway to provide a full understanding of its potential as a novel treatment approach against kidney stones., Materials and Methods: The micromolecular components in the supernatant of QDWE (QDS) were analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS and the monosaccharide composition of the macromolecular polysaccharide components in the crude polysaccharide (QDP) was determined by pre-column derivatization in HPLC. The effects of QDWE, QDS and QDP on the shape, size, and structure of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in vitro were explored by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The effects of QDWE, QDS and QDP on CaOx kidney stones in SD rats induced by ethylene glycol and VD 3 were compared in vivo. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of OPN/CD44 and NLRP3 pathways were investigated by Western blot analysis., Results: There were 32 compounds identified in QDS. The monosaccharide composition ratio of QDP was Man: L-Rha: D-GlcA: D-GalA: D-Glc: D-Gal: L-Ara = 1.01: 22.52: 8.27: 38.61: 3.43: 17.80: 6.38, indicating a mixture of pectin-type acidic heteropolysaccharides. QDP had a more significant inhibitory effect on CaOx crystals in vitro than QDWE, which can inhibit the formation of CaOx monohydrate crystals (COM) and convert them into thermodynamically unstable CaOx dihydrate (COD) crystals. The high dose of QDWE exhibited significant in vivo efficacy (P < 0.05), including anti-calculus, diuretic effects, and kidney protection, marked by decreased calcification and stone formation, alongside improved kidney vitality. Furthermore, the protective effects of QDWE were demonstrated to be associated with the OPN/CD44 and NLRP3 pathways., Conclusion: The studies identified and analyzed the active constituents of QDWE. Among these, QDP significantly inhibited CaOx crystal generation in vitro and could be a potential component for the treatment of urinary stones in QDWE. Moreover, the results indicated that QDWE had a remarkable therapeutic effect on CaOx stones by modulating the OPN/CD44 axis to affect stone formation and the NLRP3 signaling pathway to mediate inflammation, providing an experimental basis for the mechanism of anti-urinary stone and deep development of QD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

With the development of industrial robot technology, robotics has entered the medical field, and the research and development of new robots for many medical applications have become a significant research direction in global robotics. Robots are widely used in various aspects of dentistry, such as prosthodontics, orthodontics, implants, endodontics, and oral surgery. This article mainly introduces the application of robots in stomatology from the above five aspects.

Objective: To describe the geographical distribution regarding the prevalence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in 2010, to provide reference for eliminating the regional unbalance of TB prevalence in China., Methods: Thiessen Polygon Method, dealing with spatial analysis in geographical information system, was used to analyze data from the 5th national TB epidemiological survey., Results: The prevalence rates of active pulmonary TB(PAPT), Mycobacterium-positive pulmonary TB (PMPT) and smear-positive pulmonary TB (PSPT) were 62-548/100 thousand population (OHTP),0-120/OHTP and 0-68/OHTP, which were all relatively lower in most parts of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong than in other areas. PAPT (549-1656/OHTP), PMPT (121-366/OHTP) and PSPT (69-181/OHTP) were relatively higher in most parts of Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang, Qinghai and Xinjiang than in other areas, in which PAPT, PMPT and PSPT of some areas could be seen as high as 1657-2646/OHTP, 367-625/OHTP and 182-285/OHTP, respectively. PAPT, PMPT and PSPT manifested jigsaw pattern distribution between 320-548/OHTP adn 549-919/OHTP, among 67-120/OHTP, 121-207/OHTP and 208-366/OHTP, and among 38-68/OHTP, 69-115/OHTP and 116-181/OHTP, respectively, in the rest of the provinces or autonomous regions., Conclusion: The geographical distribution for TB prevalence significantly presented the fact that it was relatively low in the eastern parts and high in the western parts, and a jigsaw transition pattern between the low and high rates, in the central part of the country.