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In order to improve the application performance of chromium-based single-peak high density polyethylene (HDPE) special material HD5502S for small-sized hollow containers, it was extruded and granulated according to the different blending mass ratio with HDPE DGDA6098 for film with good toughness. The physical, mechanical and rheological properties of the mixture were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the processing performance of the mixtures was better when the blending mass ratio of DGDA6098 was less than 40%. When the blending mass ratio of HD5502S/DGDA6098 was in the range of 90/10~70/30, the bending modulus of the mixtures was higher than 1 400 MPa, and the impact strength was also higher than 13 kJ/m², which had a good rigidity and toughness balance. At different temperatures, with the increase of the blending mass ratio of DGDA6098, the shear viscosity (η) and shear stress (τ) of the blends increased, and the critical shear rate (γc) decreased. When the processing temperature was 190 °C, the rheological properties of HDPE mixtures for small-sized hollow containers were the best. The appropriate blending mass ratio was conducive to the formation of a physical bimodal distribution, and the comprehensive performance of the HD5502S mixtures were the best when the blending mass ratio of HD5502S/DGDA6098 was 70/30 and the processing temperature was 190 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: In recent years, there has been extensive research on the role of exercise as an adjunctive therapy for cancer. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor therapy of exercise in lung cancer remain to be fully elucidated. As such, our study aims to confirm whether exercise-induced elevation of epinephrine can accelerate CD8+ T cell recruitment through modulation of chemokines and thus ultimately inhibit tumor progression. Method: C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis lung cancer cells (LLCs) to establish a subcutaneous tumor model. The tumor mice were randomly divided into different groups to performed a moderate-intensity exercise program on a treadmill for 5 consecutive days a week, 45 min a day. The blood samples and tumor tissues were collected after exercise for IHC, RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot. In addition, another group of mice received daily epinephrine treatment for two weeks (0.05 mg/mL, 200 µL i.p.) (EPI, n = 8) to replicate the effects of exercise on tumors in vivo. Lewis lung cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of epinephrine (0, 5, 10, 20 µM) to detect the effect of epinephrine on chemokine levels via ELISA and RT-qPCR. Results: This study reveals that both pre- and post-cancer exercise effectively impede the tumor progression. Exercise led to an increase in EPI levels and the infiltration of CD8+ T cell into the lung tumor. Exercise-induced elevation of EPI is involved in the regulation of Ccl5 and Cxcl10 levels further leading to enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and ultimately inhibiting tumor progression. Conclusion: Exercise training enhance the anti-tumor immunity of lung cancer individuals. These findings will provide valuable insights for the future application of exercise therapy in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: Previous work searching for sexual dimorphism has largely relied on the comparison of trait mean vectors between sexes in dioecious plants. Whether trait scaling (i.e., the ratio of proportional changes in covarying traits) differs between sexes, along with its functional significance, remains unclear. Methods: We measured 10 vegetative traits pertaining to carbon, water, and nutrient economics across 337 individuals (157 males and 180 females) of the diocious species Eurya japonica during the fruiting season in eastern China. Piecewise structural equation modeling was employed to reveal the scaling relationships of multiple interacting traits, and multivariate analysis of (co)variance was conducted to test for intersexual differences. Results: There was no sexual dimorphism in terms of trait mean vectors across the 10 vegetative traits in E. japonica. Moreover, most relationships for covarying trait pairs (17 out of 19) exhibited common scaling slopes between sexes. However, the scaling slopes for leaf phosphorus (P) vs. nitrogen (N) differed between sexes, with 5.6‐ and 3.0‐fold increases of P coinciding with a 10‐fold increase of N in male and female plants, respectively. Conclusions: The lower ratio of proportional changes in P vs. N for females likely reflects stronger P limitation for their vegetative growth, as they require greater P investments in fruiting. Therefore, P vs. N scaling can be a key avenue allowing for sex‐specific strategic optimization under unequal reproductive requirements. This study uncovers a hidden aspect of secondary sex character in dioecious plants, and highlights the use of trait scaling to understand sex‐defined economic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]