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To overcome the two main obstacles of large‐scale application of superspreading material, self assembly is used to prepare superspreading polymer membrane (SPPM) in this work. An amphiphilic SPPM is prepared by capillary force‐driven self assembly using PP melt‐blown nonwovens and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The prepared SPPM has low preparation cost and stable performance since self assembly needs low energy consumption, and the production is thermodynamically stable. By using cryo‐electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectrum and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. It is proved that PVA is successfully assembled on the fiber surface of PP melt‐blown nonwovens. The prepared SPPM has excellent spreading performance, the "spreading times" of both water and oil are less than 0.5 s. They showed much superior performance compared to traditional materials when applied in oil‐water separation, seawater desalination, and ion separation. This work will definitely promote the development of self assembly, superspreading materials, and related sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that social exclusion can have negative effects on the well‐being of children and adolescents. However, there is inconsistent evidence regarding how the impact of social exclusion changes with age. This study used the Cyberball paradigm to investigate the effects of exclusion and subsequent inclusion on primary needs (such as belonging, self‐esteem, control and meaningful existence) and emotions (including happiness, sadness and anger) in a sample of Chinese school‐aged children (163 children aged 6–8, 8–10 and 10–11). The results revealed that children aged 6–8 showed lower susceptibility to ostracism, while threats to primary needs emerged around the ages of 8–10 and persisted until 10–12. Negative effects on moods were evident from the age of 6–8 and intensified with age. Brief inclusion following exclusion was found to effectively restore the primary needs and moods of ostracized children, serving as a reliable intervention for promoting rapid recovery. However, age‐related differences were observed in the restorative effects of re‐inclusion, with 8‐ to 10‐year‐olds benefiting more compared to 10‐ to 12‐year‐olds. These findings provide valuable insights for educational institutions seeking to create supportive environments that help children recover from the detrimental effects of ostracism. Highlights: Ostracism can be detrimental to the primary needs and moods of school‐aged children.There are developmental changes in the effects of ostracism on children's primary needs and moods, and 8–10 years old may be a critical period.Re‐inclusion can effectively restore the damaged primary needs and moods of excluded children, but its effect is also age‐dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control tissue is essential for ensuring the precision of semiquantitative analysis in back-table fluorescence imaging. However, there remains a lack of agreement on the appropriate selection of control tissues. To evaluate the back-table fluorescence imaging performance of different normal tissues and identify the optimal normal tissue, a cohort of 39 patients with orbital tumors were enrolled in the study. Prior to surgery, these patients received indocyanine green (ICG) and following resection, 43 normal control tissues (34 adipose tissues, 3 skin tissues, 3 periosteal tissues, and 3 muscle tissues) were examined using back-table fluorescence imaging. The skin tissue demonstrated significantly elevated fluorescence intensity in comparison to the diseased tissue, whereas the muscle tissue exhibited a broad range and standard deviation of fluorescence signal intensity. Conversely, the adipose and periosteum displayed weak fluorescence signals with a relatively consistent distribution. Additionally, no significant correlations were found between the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of adipose tissue and patients' ages, genders, weights, disease duration, tumor origins, dosing of administration of ICG infusion, and the time interval between ICG infusion and surgery. However, a positive correlation was observed between the SBR of adipose tissue and its size, with larger adipose tissues (>1 cm) showing an average SBR 27% higher than smaller adipose tissues (≤1 cm). In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that adipose tissue consistently exhibited homogeneous hypofluorescence during back-table fluorescence imaging, regardless of patient clinical variables or imaging parameters. The size of the adipose tissue was identified as the primary factor influencing its fluorescence imaging characteristics, supporting its utility as an ideal control tissue for back-table fluorescence imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new photocatalyst In2CdO4 was prepared by a solid phase sintering synthesis method at high temperature for the first time in this paper. The In2CdO4/Y2SmSbO7 heterojunction (IYH) catalyst was prepared by the solvent thermal method for the first time. The Y2SmSbO7 compound crystallized in the pyrochlore-type architecture and cubelike crystal system, and the space group of Y2SmSbO7 was Fd3m and the crystal cell parameters of Y2SmSbO7 was 9.51349 Å. The band gap width of Y2SmSbO7 was 2.63 eV. In2CdO4 crystallized with a body centered tetragonal lattice structure which was a tetragonal crystal system with a space group of I41/amd. The band gap width of In2CdO4 was 2.70 eV. After 110 minutes of visible light irradiation (VLGI-110min) with IYH as the photocatalyst, the removal rate (RR) of rhodamine B (RhB) concentration was 100% and the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration RR was 99.71%. The power mechanics invariable k toward RhB consistency and visible light irradiation (VLGI) time with IYH as the photocatalyzer reached 0.03073 min−1. The power mechanics invariable k which was involved with TOC reached 0.03621 min−1. After VLGI-110min, the RR of RhB with IYH as the photocatalyzer was 1.094, 1.174 or 1.740 times higher than that with In2CdO4, Y2SmSbO7 or N-doping TiO2 (N-TO) as the photocatalyzer, respectively. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of IYH was the highest compared with In2CdO4, Y2SmSbO7, or N-TO. With appending a trapping agent, the oxidative capability for degrading RhB, which ranged from strong to weak among three oxidative radical groups, was as follows: hydroxyl radicals > superoxide anion > holes. This work provided a scientific basis for the research which resulted in prosperous development of efficient heterojunction compound catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work studies the thermal conductivity of Na-ion intercalated carbon honeycomb (CHC) via the combination of first-principles calculation and molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of ion concentration, ion charge, temperature, and strain are explored. The simulation results show that the thermal conductivity of CHC presents a nonmonotonic dependence on the ion concentration. The enhanced phonon scattering and increased phonon group velocities of CHC induced by its interaction with the Na ions are responsible for the nonmonotonic dependence. Both the increases in the ion charge and temperature reduce the thermal conductivity. In contrast, a compressive strain of around −3% can increase the thermal conductivity by eliminating the phonon softening effect caused by the volume expansion of CHC during the ion intercalation. However, further increasing the strain negatively or positively from −3% leads to a decrease in the thermal conductivity. The simulation results presented in this work are beneficial in understanding the thermal properties of CHC when it is used as an electrode in ion batteries and supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In2YSbO7 and In2YSbO7/BiSnSbO6 heterojunction photocatalyst were prepared by a solvothermal method for the first time. The structural characteristics of In2YSbO7 had been represented. The outcomes showed that In2YSbO7 crystallized well and possessed pyrochlore constitution, a stable cubic crystal system and space group Fd3m. The lattice parameter of In2YSbO7 was discovered to be a = 11.102698 Å and the band gap energy of In2YSbO7 was discovered to be 2.68 eV, separately. After visible-light irradiation of 120 minutes (VLGI-120M), the removal rate (ROR) of indigo carmine (IC) reached 99.42% with In2YSbO7/BiSnSbO6 heterojunction (IBH) as a photocatalyst. The ROR of total organic carbon (TOC) reached 93.10% with IBH as a photocatalyst after VLGI-120M. Additionally, the dynamics constant k which was taken from the dynamic curve toward (DCT) IC density and VLGI time with IBH as a catalyst reached 0.02950 min−1. The dynamics constant k which came from the DCT TOC density and VLGI time with IBH as a photocatalyst reached 0.01783 min−1. The photocatalytic degradation of IC in dye wastewater (DW) with IBH as a photocatalyst under VLGI was in accordance with the first-order kinetic curves. IBH was used to degrade IC in DW for three cycles of experiments under VLGI, and the ROR of IC reached 98.74%, 96.89% and 94.88%, respectively, after VLGI-120M, indicating that IBH had high stability. Compared with superoxide anions or holes, hydroxyl radicals possessed the largest oxidative ability for removing IC in DW, as demonstrated by experiments with the addition of trapping agents. Lastly, the probable degradation mechanism and degradation pathway of IC were revealed in detail. The results showed that a visible-light-responsive heterojunction photocatalyst which possessed high catalytic activity and a photocatalytic reaction system which could effectively remove IC in DW were obtained. This work provided a fresh scientific research idea for improving the performance of a single catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new photocatalyst, Er2FeSbO7, was prepared by solid phase sintering using the high-temperature synthesis method for the first time in this paper. Er2FeSbO7/BiTiSbO6 heterojunction (EBH) catalyst was prepared by the solvent thermal method for the first time. Er2FeSbO7 compound crystallized in the pyrochlore-type architecture and cubelike crystal system; the interspace group of Er2FeSbO7 was Fd3m and the crystal cellular parameter a of Er2FeSbO7 was 10.179902 Å. The band gap (BDG) width of Er2FeSbO7 was 1.88 eV. After visible light irradiation of 150 minutes (VLGI-150min) with EBH as a photocatalyst, the removal rate (RR) of enrofloxacin (ENR) concentration was 99.16%, and the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration RR was 94.96%. The power mechanics invariable k toward ENR consistency and visible light irradiation (VLGI) time with EBH as a photocatalyzer attained 0.02296 min−1. The power mechanics invariable k which was involved with TOC attained 0.01535 min−1. The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of ENR within pharmaceutical waste water with EBH as a photocatalyzer under VLGI was in keeping with the single-order reactivity power mechanics. The RR of ENR with EBH as a photocatalyzer was 1.151 times, 1.269 times or 2.524 times that with Er2FeSbO7 as a photocatalyst, BiTiSbO6 as a photocatalyst, or N-doping TiO2 (N-TO) as a photocatalyst after VLGI-150min. The photocatalytic activity, which ranged from high to low among above four photocatalysts, was as follows: EBHP > Er2FeSbO7 > BiTiSbO6 > N-TO. After VLGI-150min toward three periods of the project with EBH as a photocatalyst, the RR of ENR attained 98.00%, 96.76% and 95.60%. The results showed that the stability of EBH was very high. With appending trapping agent, it could be proved that the oxidative capability for degrading ENR, which ranged from strong to weak among three oxidic radicals, was as follows: superoxide anion > hydroxyl radicals (HRS) > holes. This work provides a scientific basis for the research and oriented leader development of efficient heterojunction catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]