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Neuronal regeneration and functional recovery are severely compromised following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Treatment options, including cell transplantation and drug therapy, have been shown to benefit TBI, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, neural stem cells (NSCs) are transplanted into TBI-challenged mice, together with olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) or followed by valproic acid (VPA) treatment. Both OEC grafting and VPA treatment facilitate the differentiation of NSCs into neurons (including endogenous and exogenous neurons) and significantly attenuate neurological functional defects in TBI mice. Combination of NSCs with OECs or VPA administration leads to overt improvement in axonal regeneration, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity in the cerebral cortex in TBI-challenged mice, as shown by retrograde corticospinal tract tracing, electron microscopy, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and synaptophysin (SYN) analyses. However, these beneficial effects of VPA are reversed by local delivery of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into tissues surrounding the injury epicenter in the cerebral cortex, accompanied by a pronounced drop in axons and synapses in the brain. Our findings reveal that increased axonal regeneration and synaptogenesis evoked by cell grafting and VPA fosters neural repair in a murine model of TBI. Moreover, VPA-induced neuroprotective roles are antagonized by exogenous NMDA administration and its concomitant decrease in the number of neurons of local brain, indicating that increased neurons induced by VPA treatment mediate axonal regeneration and synaptogenesis in mice after TBI operation. Collectively, this study provides new insights into NSC transplantation therapy for TBI.

To observe the effect of holographic scraping therapy in treating one case of type 2 diabetes mellitus of damp-heat accumulating spleen syndrome, and to summarize related nursing measures. The Middle-Jiao area of side-forehead zone and 1/3 Middle-Jiao area of top-forehead zone were scraped with vertical scraping technique; The surface projection areas of abdominal pancreas and spleen body were scraped with side scraping technique; The corresponding projection area of spine, pancreas and spleen on the back were scraped with side scraping technique. In each conditioning cycle, 2 holographic acupoint areas and related meridian acupoints were scraped, twice per week, five times in a cycle. The holographic scraping therapy is effective to lower blood sugar and improve the quality of life in the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus of damp-heat accumulating spleen syndrome. (观察全息刮痧治疗湿热困脾型2型糖尿病1例的效果, 总结护理经验。运用厉刮法刮拭头部额旁2带中焦区, 额顶带中1/3中焦区; 边刮法刮痧腹部胰脏、脾脏体表投影区; 边刮法刮拭背部脊椎胰脏、脾脏对应区。每次调理选择2个全息穴区加经络穴位刮拭, 2次/周, 5次为1个疗程。对湿热困脾型2型糖尿病患者实施全息刮痧疗法, 有助于降低患者血糖, 提高患者生活质量。)

Let n , m , p , r ∈ N with p ≥ n ≥ r . For a hypergraph, if each edge has r vertices, then the hypergraph is called an r-graph. Define e r (n , m ; p) to be the maximum number of edges of an r-graph with p vertices in which every subgraph of n vertices has at most m edges. Researching this function constitutes a Turán type problem. In this paper, on the one hand, for fixed p, we present some results about the exact values of e r (n , m ; p) for small m compared to n; on the other hand, for sufficient large p, we use the combinatorial technique of double counting to give an upper bound of e (n , m ; p) and obtain a lower bound of e r (n , m ; p) by applying the lower bound of the independent set of a hypergraph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cymbidium faberi Rolfe is one of the traditional Chinese orchids with important ornamental value, and the cultivation of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe mutant strains with different appearances is essential to increase its economic value. However, at present, their acquisition largely relies on natural mutation. The objectives of this research were to mutagenize Cymbidium faberi Rolfe protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and shoots in vitro using sodium azide (NaN3) and to screen and evaluate mutants in the mutagenized seedlings using morphological characteristics. Cymbidium faberi Rolfe PLBs and shoots were used as mutagenic materials. Mutations were induced by the addition of 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg·L−1 and 0.0 (control), 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0 mg·L−1 NaN3 to a shoot-growth-inducing medium. The mortality rates of the PLBs and shoots increased with an increase in the NaN3 concentration. At 14 d of co-cultivation, the PLBs and shoots were most efficiently mutagenized with 1.5 mg·L−1 and 4.0 mg·L−1 NaN3, respectively. After the explants were cultured for 3 months, changes in leaf and flower morphology were observed in some mutants: shorter and thicker leaves, shorter node length, reduced height, and mid-translucent leaves compared with controls. Some Cymbidium faberi Rolfe bloomed prematurely, with single flowers with large, thick petal sepals and small inflorescences. Colors included light green throughout, with some exhibiting purple stamens. This suggests that NaN3 can effectively mutagenize Cymbidium faberi Rolfe PLBs and shoots to satisfy people's demand for this plant's ornamental properties while increasing its economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]