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This study examines the future spatial distributions and long-term trends of the sea ice concentration (SIC) and the sea ice thickness (SIT) in the Arctic, along with the potential impacts of the Temperature at Surface (TAS), using the outputs of six models under four forcing scenarios of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The results show that, under the four forcing scenarios, the SIC exceeds 50% and the SIT is approximately 1.5 m in most parts of the Arctic in 2030, 2040, and 2050. However, in the regions of East Greenland, the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, and the Chukchi Sea, the SIC and SIT are comparatively lower and thinner. Both the SIC and the SIT exhibit declining trends during 2015—2050. Specifically, under the high-forcing scenario, the SIC in some regions decreases by over 1% per year. In 2050, under the high-forcing scenario, the SIC in most of the Arctic exceeds 90% during winter and spring months. The SIC reveals a decreasing trend in every month. The SIT exceeds 1 m from winter to summer in most regions, while it is less than or equal to 0.5 m in the fall. From December to May, the SIT exhibits a decreasing trend across the Arctic, with some localized increases observed in other months. Regarding the long-term trend up to 2100, the SIC and SIT in the Central Arctic, the East Greenland Sea, and the Chukchi Sea decrease over time, with the fastest reduction in the Central Arctic, meanwhile the TAS continues to rise in these three regions. Additionally, the spatial distribution and long-term trend between the TAS and the SIC are opposite, implying the possible impact of the TAS on the SIC. These findings provide valuable insights into the future sea ice in the Arctic under different forcing scenarios.

Bullying is a goal-directed behavior that has long been in the spotlight of worldwide school mental health programs and research. However, the role of popularity goals in bullying and its potential mechanisms are unclear for adolescents in a non-Western cultural context. Based on 333 Chinese adolescents (52% female), the current study was the first to explore the potential moderating roles of popularity status and cognitive empathy in the association between popularity goals and early Chinese adolescents' bullying behaviors. Moderated moderation analyses indicated that popularity status and cognitive empathy significantly moderated the positive relationship between popularity goals and Chinese adolescents' bullying behaviors. Specifically, the statistically significant three-way interaction revealed that low popularity status and low cognitive empathy strengthen the positive links between popularity goals and bullying. The significant two-way interaction showed that the positive relations between popularity goals and bullying were stronger for low popularity among Chinese adolescents.

This study tested the mediating role of bullying attitudes and moderating role of school connectedness in the link between sympathy and Chinese adolescents' active defending behaviors in bullying. Participants were 808 Chinese adolescents (53.3% male, M[subscript age] = 12.40, SD = 0.50). The results showed that sympathy was significantly positively correlated with active defending behaviors through bullying attitudes. In addition, school connectedness could moderate the relationship between sympathy and active defending behaviors. Specifically, the positive correlation between sympathy and active defending behaviors was stronger for adolescents with a high level of school connectedness. These findings emphasize the importance of considering complex multiple ecological level factors when examining bullying bystander.

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educators worldwide are concerned about how to engage sufficient students to choose STEM majors and careers. STEM self-efficacy was found to be critical in promoting an individual's career choice in STEM. While the importance of family factors (coparental conflict) in learning has been increasingly emphasized, little empirical research has examined the effects of coparenting conflict on STEM self-efficacy among adolescents. Based on ecological and family system theories, this study aimed to examine the parallel mediation effect of implicit theories of intelligence and depression between conflict and Chinese adolescents' STEM self-efficacy. In total, 443 Chinese tenth-grade students (209 males, 47.20%) completed an online survey. The model was investigated using a structural equation modelling approach with bootstrapping techniques (bootstrap replications: 5,000) using AMOS 23. The results indicated that the relationship between coparental conflict and adolescents' STEM self-efficacy was not significant. The association between coparental conflict and STEM self-efficacy was fully mediated by depression. The mediating effect of implicit theories of intelligence was not significant. The results highlight the value of family factors, such as coparental conflict, in adolescents' STEM self-efficacy and provide insight into the underlying process. The findings of this study may provide evidence for designing STEM education programs., Author(s): Yuchi Zhang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Simeng Liu [sup.1] , Lihong Yang [sup.1] , Tingting Feng [sup.1] , Xianmin Yang [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411857.e, 0000 0000 9698 6425, [...]

The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)-associated primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is an immune-related disease in adults with increasing morbidity and variable treatment response, in which inflammation may contribute to the multifactorial immunopathogenesis. The relationship between fibrinogen-albumin ratio (FAR), serving as a novel inflammatory biomarker, and PMN is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the association between FAR and disease activity and therapy response of PMN. 110 biopsy-proven phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) -associated PMN participants with nephrotic syndrome from January 2017 to December 2021 were recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The independent risk factors of non-remission (NR) and the predictive ability of FAR were explored by Cox regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. According to the optimal cutoff value, study patients were categorized into the low-FAR group (≤the cutoff value) and the high-FAR group (>the cutoff value). Spearman's correlations were used to examine the associations between FAR and baseline clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the effects of FAR on remission. In the entire study cohort, 78 (70.9%) patients reached complete or partial remission (CR or PR). The optimal cutoff value of FAR for predicting the remission outcome (CR + PR) was 0.233. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that the high-FAR group (>0.233) had a significantly lower probability to achieve CR or PR compared to the low-FAR group (≤0.233) (Log Rank test, p = 0.021). Higher levels of FAR were identified as an independent risk factor for NR, and the high-FAR group was associated with a 2.27 times higher likelihood of NR than the low-FAR group (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.01, 5.13, p = 0.048). These relationships remained robust with further analysis among calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs)-receivers. In the multivariate Cox regression model, the incidence of NR was 4.00 times higher in the high-FAR group than in the low-FAR group (HR 4.00, 95% CI 1.41, 11.31, p = 0.009). Moreover, ROC analysis revealed the predictive value of FAR for CR or PR with a 0.738 area under curve (AUC), and the AUC of anti-PLA2R Ab was 0.675. When combining FAR and anti-PLA2R Ab, the AUC was boosted to 0.766. FAR was significantly correlated with proteinuria and anti-PLA2R Ab in PMN. As an independent risk factor for NR, FAR might serve as a potential inflammation-based prognostic tool for identifying cases with poor treatment response, and the best predictive cutoff value for outcomes was 0.233. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]