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It is clarified that evolutionary conditions are the premise and foundation of the study of evolutionary dynamics, and the study of evolutionary dynamics is the basis for the division of evolutionary stages and their characteristics. Secondly, in the study of evolutionary conditions, it is argued that internal and external environmental conditions, dissipative structural conditions, and rising and falling conditions are the specific evolutionary preconditions of coordination in the perspective of a low carbon economy. The harmonious development of regional coordination and ecological environment is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the region. This paper provides an in-depth study and analysis of the coordinated development of regional coordination and the geographical environment through a low-carbon perspective. Firstly, the three relationships of evolutionary conditions, evolutionary dynamics, and evolutionary stages are analyzed through the analysis of the applicability of self-organization theory in the study of coordination evolution from the perspective of a low-carbon economy. First, we take the composite system of “coordination and ecological environment” as the research object, and use the theory of cooperation to construct a scientific and systematic index system of orderly parameters of the coordination subsystem and ecological environment subsystem, and establish the model of the orderliness of subsystem and the model of coordination of the composite system. Finally, we analyze the reasonableness of the calculation results based on the development of coordination and ecological environment and propose countermeasures from three aspects: the formulation of regional development policies and regulations, the construction of regional coordination public information platform, and the optimization of the energy structure of the coordination industry.

ABSTRACT Changes in root system architecture are vital for plant adaptation to drought stress, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process remain largely elusive. Here, FUSCA3 (FUS3), a B3 domain transcription factor isolated from Populus euphratica, was found to be an important gene of regulating lateral root (LR) development under drought stress. The expression of PeFUS3 was strongly induced by ABA and dehydration treatments. Overexpressing PeFUS3 in poplar 84 K (P. alba × P. glandulosa) positively regulated LR growth and enhanced drought tolerance, while the knockout lines, generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, displayed repressed LR growth and weakened drought tolerance. Further investigation demonstrated that PeFUS3 activated the expression of PIN2, PIN6a and AUX1, which were key genes involved in auxin transport, suggesting PeFUS3 modulated LR development under drought stress through auxin signalling. Moreover, PeFUS3 directly upregulated PePYL3 expression, and overexpressing PePYL3 poplar lines exhibited significantly increased drought resistance. In addition, PeABF2, an ABA responsive transcription factor, interacted with PeFUS3 and activated its transcription, indicating PeFUS3 was involved in ABA signalling pathway. Taken together, PeFUS3 is a key regulator, maintaining root growth of poplar by modulating the crosstalk of auxin and ABA signalling under drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: MicroRNAs are essential in plant development and stress resistance, but their specific roles in drought stress require further investigation.Here, we have uncovered that a Populus‐specific microRNAs (miRNA), miR6445, targeting NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) family genes, is involved in regulating drought tolerance of poplar.The expression level of miR6445 was significantly upregulated under drought stress; concomitantly, seven targeted NAC genes showed significant downregulation. Silencing the expression of miR6445 by short tandem target mimic technology significantly decreased the drought tolerance in poplar. Furthermore, 5′ RACE experiments confirmed that miR6445 directly targeted NAC029. The overexpression lines of PtrNAC029 (OE‐NAC029) showed increased sensitivity to drought compared with knockout lines (Crispr‐NAC029), consistent with the drought‐sensitive phenotype observed in miR6445‐silenced strains. PtrNAC029 was further verified to directly bind to the promoters of glutathione S‐transferase U23 (GSTU23) and inhibit its expression. Both Crispr‐NAC029 and PtrGSTU23 overexpressing plants showed higher levels of PtrGSTU23 transcript and GST activity while accumulating less reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, poplars overexpressing GSTU23 demonstrated enhanced drought tolerance.Taken together, our research reveals the crucial role of the miR6445‐NAC029‐GSTU23 module in enhancing poplar drought tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis. This finding provides new molecular targets for improving the drought resistance of trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercise boosts the health of some brain parts, such as the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Several studies show that long-term exercise improves spatial learning and memory, enhances hypothalamic leptin sensitivity, and regulates energy balance. However, the effect of exercise on the hippocampus and hypothalamus is not fully understood. The study aimed to find epigenetic modifications or changes in gene expression of the hippocampus and hypothalamus due to exercise.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise groups. All mice in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 1 h each day. After the 12-week exercise intervention, the hippocampus and hypothalamus tissue were used for RNA-sequencing or molecular biology experiments.Results: In both groups, numerous differentially expressed genes of the hippocampus (up-regulated: 53, down-regulated: 49) and hypothalamus (up-regulated: 24, down-regulated: 40) were observed. In the exercise group, increased level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was observed in the hippocampus and hypothalamus (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) of the hippocampus and hypothalamus were down-regulated in the exercise group (p < 0.001). In addition, the Fto co-expression genes of the mouse brain were studied and analyzed using database to determine the potential roles of exercise-downregulated FTO in the brain.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that long-term exercise might elevates the levels of m6A-tagged transcripts in the hippocampus and hypothalamus via down-regulation of FTO. Hence, exercise might be an effective intervention for epigenetic modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variety and widespread of coronavirus in natural reservoir animals is likely to cause epidemics via interspecific transmission, which has attracted much attention due to frequent coronavirus epidemics in recent decades. Birds are natural reservoir of various viruses, but the existence of coronaviruses in wild birds in central China has been barely studied. Some bird coronaviruses belong to the genus of Deltacoronavirus. To explore the diversity of bird deltacoronaviruses in central China, we tested faecal samples from 415 wild birds in Hunan Province, China. By RT‐PCR detection, we identified eight samples positive for deltacoronaviruses which were all from common magpies, and in four of them, we successfully amplified complete deltacoronavirus genomes distinct from currently known deltacoronavirus, indicating four novel deltacoronavirus stains (HNU1‐1, HNU1‐2, HNU2 and HNU3). Comparative analysis on the four genomic sequences showed that these novel magpie deltacoronaviruses shared three different S genes among which the S genes of HNU1‐1 and HNU1‐2 showed 93.8% amino acid (aa) identity to that of thrush coronavirus HKU12, HNU2 S showed 71.9% aa identity to that of White‐eye coronavirus HKU16, and HNU3 S showed 72.4% aa identity to that of sparrow coronavirus HKU17. Recombination analysis showed that frequent recombination events of the S genes occurred among these deltacoronavirus strains. Two novel putative cleavage sites separating the non‐structural proteins in the HNU coronaviruses were found. Bayesian phylogeographic analysis showed that the south coast of China might be a potential origin of bird deltacoronaviruses existing in inland China. In summary, these results suggest that common magpie in China carries diverse deltacoronaviruses with novel genomic features, indicating an important source of environmental coronaviruses closed to human communities, which may provide key information for prevention and control of future coronavirus epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional layered structure of rGO@Bi2O2CO3@NiCo-LDHs as positive material of supercapacitor is fabricated using the simple hydrothermal reaction, freeze-drying technology, and heat treatment process. The corresponding electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacity of 1147 F/g at 0.5 A/g and 82.2% capacity retention after 1000 times charging and discharging at 10 A/g. Additionally, negative material of rGO film is also prepared, which has a higher specific capacity of 354 F/g than that of other carbon materials. To obtain a high performance of supercapacitor device, an asymmetric supercapacitor of rGO//rGO@Bi2O2CO3@NiCo-LDHs is assembled based on rGO@Bi2O2CO3@NiCo-LDHs, rGO film, and 2 M KOH electrolyte. The testing data show that the maximum specific capacitance and energy density of asymmetric supercapacitor are 85 F/g and 23.14 Wh/kg, respectively. Simultaneously, it also shows the good electrochemical stability, remaining 80% capacity after 3000 cycles. This means that rGO@Bi2O2CO3@NiCo-LDHs could be regarded as a promising electrode material for energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein is a ferrous ion (Fe2+)/2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent demethylase preferentially catalyzing m6A sites in RNA. The FTO gene is highly expressed in the hypothalamus with fluctuation in response to various nutritional conditions, which is believed to be involved in the control of whole body metabolism. However, the underlying mechanism in response to different nutritional cues remains poorly understood. Here we show that ketogenic diet-derived ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) transiently increases FTO expression in both mouse hypothalamus and cultured cells. Interestingly, the FTO protein represses Fto promoter activity, which can be offset by BHB. We then demonstrate that FTO binds to its own gene promoter, and Fe2+, but not 2-OG, impedes this binding and increases FTO expression. The BHB-induced occupancy of the promoter by FTO influences the assembly of the basal transcriptional machinery. Importantly, a loss-of-function FTO mutant (I367F), which induces a lean phenotype in FTOI367F mice, exhibits augmented binding and elevated potency to repress the promoter. Furthermore, FTO fails to bind to its own promoter that promotes FTO expression in the hypothalamus of high-fat diet-induced obese and 48-h fasting mice, suggesting a disruption of the stable expression of this gene. Taken together, this study uncovers a new function of FTO as a Fe2+-sensitive transcriptional repressor dictating its own gene switch to form an auto-regulatory loop that may link with the hypothalamic control of body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently in China several common problems exist in once-through seawater cooling system such as the great losses of heat energy and the problems of environmental pollution from the discharge of heated water and the chlorination biocide etc. Taking a case study of seawater cooling for an ammonia production process as an example the research used the pinch point design method to diagnose and optimize the energy utilization. Then the research used the simple and convenient spreadsheet modeling method to resolve pinch point in heat exchanger network. A minimum temperature difference is chosen to be 12 the location of the pinch point is between SN9 and SN10 the average pinch temperature of the heat exchanger network is 116 the minimal requirement of the hot utility and the minimal requirement of the cold utility are 19.91 MW and 22.66 MW the calculation results are close to the results from the large-scale simulation software therefore the feasibility of the method is verified. Meanwhile the research aims to provide the basis for further optimization of the cooling system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]