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With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence, automatic writing evaluation (AWE) has received much attention from English Foreign Language (EFL) writing teachers. However, the obstacles and potential problems of integrating AWE in EFL writing instruction have yet to be explored. Scholars have indicated that the effectiveness of AWE in EFL writing instruction depends on the learners' depth of reflection. Hence, this study proposes a learning approach that integrates AWE and peer assessment (PA) based on the knowledge-building theory, with the expectation that learners will be able to strengthen their reflections on AWE feedback through PA, and thereby improve their EFL writing performance. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a quasi-experiment was conducted in a university EFL writing class. One of the classes (33 students) was the experimental group using the PA-AWE approach, and the other class (31 students) was a control group that studied using the conventional AWE approach (C-AWE approach). Findings revealed that the PA-AWE group outperformed the C-AWE group regarding EFL writing performance, learning motivation, critical thinking, and reduced EFL writing anxiety. In addition, a thematic inductive qualitative analysis of the interview data indicated each approach's benefits and learning conceptions.

Photocatalysis has the advantages of practical, sustainable and environmental protection, so it plays a significant role in energy transformation and environmental utilization. CeO2 has attracted widespread attention for its unique 4 f electrons, rich defect structures, high oxygen storage capacity and great chemical stability. In this paper, we review the structure of CeO2 and the common methods for the preparation of CeO2‐based composites in the first part. In particular, we highlight the co‐precipitation method, template method, and sol‐gel method methods. Then, in the second part, we introduce the application of CeO2‐based composites in photocatalysis, including photocatalytic CO2 reduction, hydrogen production, degradation, selective organic reaction, and photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. In addition, we discuss several modification techniques to improve the photocatalytic performance of CeO2‐based composites, such as elemental doping, defect engineering, constructing heterojunction and morphology regulation. Finally, the challenges faced by CeO2‐based composites are analyzed and their development prospects are prospected. This review provides a systematic summary of the recent advance of CeO2‐based composites in the field of photocatalysis, which can provide useful references for the rational design of efficient CeO2‐based composite photocatalysts for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the stress distribution between grain particles and the distribution of relative static friction between grain particles and silo walls, the ideal elastic-plastic constitutive relationship and Drucker-prager yield criterion were used to simulate grain storage considering the effect of grain compressibility on the shear dilatancy parameters. The finite element model of the positive pressure and relative static friction between the barn wall and the grain was established. The relative static friction and positive pressure between the barn wall and the grain at different grain loading heights were simulated respectively, and the distribution law of the relative static friction coefficient of the barn wall at different grain loading depths was found. The results show that the relative static friction coefficients are different at different grain filling heights. The specific performance is that with the increase of depth, the coefficient increases first and then decreases. It can be seen that the interaction force between grain particles and the static friction force between grain particles and silo wall have very important guiding significance for the measurement of grain weight.

To pinpoint the nature of the sawtooth wave, extensive experiments of methane-air continuous rotating detonation (CRD) are conducted in a hollow chamber around the boundary of the operating range. The time occupancy ratio and the increasing ratio of pressure rise (Δ t i / Δ T i and Δ P i / Δ t i) derived from high-frequency pressure data, and the integral of chemiluminescence intensity (ICI) based on self-luminescence images are proposed as quantitative parameters to distinguish the detonation wave and the sawtooth wave. The results show that the sawtooth wave is a critical unstable mode between conventional isobaric combustion and CRD, propagating with high Δ t i / Δ T i and low Δ P i / Δ t i. Meanwhile, the reaction zone of sawtooth wave is verified to be stabilized in the center of combustor through the self-luminescence observation. Especially, the multiple transition processes from the sawtooth wave to the CRD wave are accurately captured, and simultaneously represented as the change from single-peak waveform to double-peak waveform on ICI, the rise of Δ P i / Δ t i , and the reduction of Δ t i / Δ T i. The significant distinction of the sawtooth wave and the CRD wave in the coupling characteristics is confirmed through Short-Time Fourier Transform processes on ICI and high-frequency pressure. For the CRD wave, the propagation frequency of the reaction zone matches that of the pressure wave, whereas not for the sawtooth wave. It is ascertained that the reaction zone is decoupled with the pressure wave for the sawtooth wave, and the nature of the sawtooth wave is deflagration combined with a weak pressure wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperphosphorylated tau is the major protein subunit of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. It is not understood, however, why the neurofibrillary tangle-containing neurons seen in the AD brains do not die of apoptosis but rather degeneration even though they are constantly awash in a proapoptotic environment. Here, we show that cells overexpressing tau exhibit marked resistance to apoptosis induced by various apoptotic stimuli, which also causes correlated tau hyperphosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activation. GSK-3 overexpression did not potentiate apoptotic stimulus-induced cell apoptosis in the presence of high levels of tau. The resistance of neuronal cells bearing hyperphosphorylated tau to apoptosis was also evident by the inverse staining pattern of PHF-1-positive tau and activated caspase-3 or fragmented nuclei in cells and the brains of rats or tau-transgenic mice. Tau hyperphosphorylation was accompanied by decreases in [beta]-catenin phosphorylation and increases in nuclear translocation of [beta]-catenin. Reduced levels of [beta]-catenin antagonized the antiapoptotic effect of tau, whereas overexpressing [beta]-catenin conferred resistance to apoptosis. These results reveal an antiapoptotic function of tau hyperphosphorylation, which likely inhibits competitively phosphorylation of [beta]-catenin by GSK-3[beta] and hence facilitates the function of [beta]-catenin. Our findings suggest that tau phosphorylation may lead the neurons to escape from an acute apoptotic death, implying the essence of neurodegeneration seen in the AD brains and related tauopathies. Alzheimer's disease | tau hyperphosphorylation | glycogen synthase kinase-3