Search

Tooth absorption can be divided into physiological absorption and pathological absorption. Root absorption of mature deciduous teeth is physiological absorption. Pathological absorption includes internal absorption and external absorption. Internal absorption, also known as intramedullary absorption, includes inflammatory absorption and alternative absorption. External tooth absorption originates from the outer surface of the root or the neck of the tooth and can be divided into inflammatory absorption, alternative absorption, pressure resorption and invasive cervical resorption. Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is pathological damage caused by many factors, which usually begins in the cemento-enamel junction and extends peripherally or horizontally in the dentin. It hardly invades the pulp. Orthodontic devices, trauma, bleaching, systemic diseases, and the use of certain medications can all lead to invasive cervical resorption. The clinical manifestations of ICR are usually asymptomatic or not obvious, and most of which are found in imaging examinations. Because caries and internal absorption are often misdiagnosed through plain apical radiography, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can help to better understand the situation of invasive cervical resorption. Because the pathogenesis and etiology of invasive cervical resorption are not fully understood, clinical negligence and inadequate treatment of invasive cervical resorption can even cause unnecessary tooth loss. This article reviews the latest research progress on the histopathologic features, pathogenic mechanism, susceptibility factors, diagnosis and treatment of ICR, with special emphasis on susceptibility factors and their mechanisms.

Objective: The present study was developed to explore the impact of acupuncture on the Th17/Treg balance in the brain and the periphery and associated changes in cognitive deficits in a rat model of vascular dementia (VD). Methods: Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to sham-operated (Gs, n = 10), and operation (n = 30) groups. A VD model was established for all rats in the operation group via the permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. Behavioral screening of these rats was conducted via a hidden platform trial at 2 months post-operation. These operation group rats were then further subdivided into impaired (Gi) and acupuncture (Ga) groups (n = 10/group). Acupuncture was performed over a 21-day period for rats in the Ga group. A Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess cognitive function for rats in all groups. Flow cytometry and fluorescent staining were used to detect Th17 and Treg cells in samples from these animals based on IL-17/FoxP3 or CD4+FoxP3+/CD4+RORγt+ staining profiles. Results: Relative to the Gs group, escape latency values for rats in the Gi group were significantly increased. Following treatment, rats in the Ga group exhibited significant reductions in escape latency values as compared to rats in the Gi group (P 0.05), whereas the frequency of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood and spleen of Ga group rats trended downward relative to the Gi group (P > 0.05). Significantly fewer CD4+RORγt+ and RORγt+ cells were detected in the Ga group relative to the Gi group, whereas CD4+FoxP3+ and FoxP3+ cell counts were increased (P

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a classic chronic condition with multiple signs of peripheral and central neuropathy. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of PHN is not well defined, limiting clinical treatment and disease management. Objective: To describe the peripheral and central pathological axes of PHN, including peripheral nerve injury, inflammation induction, central nervous system sensitization, and brain functional and structural network activity. Methods: A bibliographic survey was carried out, selecting relevant articles that evaluated the characterization of the pathogenesis of PHN, including peripheral and central pathological axes. Results: Currently, due to the complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PHN and the incomplete understanding of the exact mechanism of neuralgia. Conclusion: It is essential to conduct in‐depth research to clarify the origins of PHN pathogenesis and explore effective and comprehensive therapies for PHN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nanoporous BiVO4/TiO2/Ti film was successfully fabricated by electrodepositing a nanoporous BiOI film on nanoporous TiO2 arrays followed by annealing at 450°C for 2 h. The electrodeposition of BiOI film was carried out at different times (10, 30, 100, 500 and 1000 s) in Bi(NO3)3 and KI solution. The morphological, crystallographic and photoelectrochemical properties of the prepared BiVO4/TiO2/Ti heterojunction film were examined by using different characterization techniques. UV–vis spectrum absorption studies confirmed an increase in absorption intensities with increasing electrodeposition time, and the band gap of BiVO4/TiO2/Ti film is lower than that of TiO2/Ti. The photocatalytic efficiency of BiVO4/TiO2/Ti heterojunction film was higher compared to that of the TiO2/Ti film owing to the longer transient decay time for BiVO4/TiO2/Ti film (3.2 s) than that of TiO2/Ti film (0.95 s) in our experiment. The BiVO4/TiO2/Ti heterojunction film prepared by electrodeposition for 1000 s followed by annealing showed a high photocurrent density of 0.3363 mA cm−2 at 0.6 V versus saturated calomel electrode. Furthermore, the lowest charge transfer resistance from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was recorded for the BiVO4/TiO2/Ti film (1000 s) under irradiation.