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3. Deep-learning-enabled Brain Hemodynamic Mapping Using Resting-state fMRI

Author

Hou, Xirui, Guo, Pengfei, Wang, Puyang, Liu, Peiying, Lin, Doris D. M., Fan, Hongli, Li, Yang, Wei, Zhiliang, Lin, Zixuan, Jiang, Dengrong, Jin, Jin, Kelly, Catherine, Pillai, Jay J., Huang, Judy, Pinho, Marco C., Thomas, Binu P., Welch, Babu G., Park, Denise C., Patel, Vishal M., Hillis, Argye E., and Lu, Hanzhang

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally. Prevention and early intervention are known to be the most effective forms of its management. Non-invasive imaging methods hold great promises for early stratification, but at present lack the sensitivity for personalized prognosis. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), a powerful tool previously used for mapping neural activity, is available in most hospitals. Here we show that rs-fMRI can be used to map cerebral hemodynamic function and delineate impairment. By exploiting time variations in breathing pattern during rs-fMRI, deep learning enables reproducible mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and bolus arrive time (BAT) of the human brain using resting-state CO2 fluctuations as a natural 'contrast media'. The deep-learning network was trained with CVR and BAT maps obtained with a reference method of CO2-inhalation MRI, which included data from young and older healthy subjects and patients with Moyamoya disease and brain tumors. We demonstrate the performance of deep-learning cerebrovascular mapping in the detection of vascular abnormalities, evaluation of revascularization effects, and vascular alterations in normal aging. In addition, cerebrovascular maps obtained with the proposed method exhibited excellent reproducibility in both healthy volunteers and stroke patients. Deep-learning resting-state vascular imaging has the potential to become a useful tool in clinical cerebrovascular imaging.

Published
2022
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11. CO2 cerebrovascular reactivity measured with CBF-MRI in older individuals: Association with cognition, physical function, amyloid and tau proteins.

Author

Sur, Sandeepa, Lin, Zixuan, Li, Yang, Yasar, Sevil, Rosenberg, Paul B, Moghekar, Abhay, Hou, Xirui, Jiang, Dengrong, Kalyani, Rita R, Hazel, Kaisha, Pottanat, George, Xu, Cuimei, Pillai, Jay J, Liu, Peiying, Albert, Marilyn, and Lu, Hanzhang

Abstract

Vascular pathology is the second leading cause of cognitive impairment and represents a major contributing factor in mixed dementia. However, biomarkers for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are under-developed. Here we aimed to investigate the potential role of CO2 Cerebrovascular Reactivity (CVR) measured with phase-contrast quantitative flow MRI in cognitive impairment and dementia. Forty-five (69 ± 7 years) impaired (37 mild-cognitive-impairment and 8 mild-dementia by syndromic diagnosis) and 22 cognitively-healthy-control (HC) participants were recruited and scanned on a 3 T MRI. Biomarkers of AD pathology were measured in cerebrospinal fluid. We found that CBF-CVR was lower (p = 0.027) in the impaired (mean±SE, 3.70 ± 0.15%/mmHg) relative to HC (4.28 ± 0.21%/mmHg). After adjusting for AD pathological markers (Aβ42/40, total tau, and Aβ42/p-tau181), higher CBF-CVR was associated with better cognitive performance, including Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA (p = 0.001), composite cognitive score (p = 0.047), and language (p = 0.004). Higher CBF-CVR was also associated with better physical function, including gait-speed (p = 0.006) and time for five chair-stands (p = 0.049). CBF-CVR was additionally related to the Clinical-Dementia-Rating, CDR, including global CDR (p = 0.026) and CDR Sum-of-Boxes (p = 0.015). CBF-CVR was inversely associated with hemoglobin A1C level (p = 0.017). In summary, CBF-CVR measured with phase-contrast MRI shows associations with cognitive performance, physical function, and disease-severity, independent of AD pathological markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Cerebrovascular reactivity MRI as a biomarker for cerebral small vessel disease–related cognitive decline: Multi‐site validation in the MarkVCID Consortium.

Author

Liu, Peiying, Lin, Zixuan, Hazel, Kaisha, Pottanat, George, Xu, Cuimei, Jiang, Dengrong, Pillai, Jay J., Lucke, Emma, Bauer, Christopher E., Gold, Brian T., Greenberg, Steven M., Helmer, Karl G., Jann, Kay, Jicha, Gregory, Kramer, Joel, Maillard, Pauline, Mulavelil, Rachel M., Rodriguez, Pavel, Satizabal, Claudia L., and Schwab, Kristin

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) represent a major factor in cognitive decline in older adults. The present study examined the relationship between cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive function in a multi‐site study, using a predefined hypothesis. METHODS: We conducted the study in a total of three analysis sites and 263 subjects. Each site performed an identical CVR MRI procedure using 5% carbon dioxide inhalation. A global cognitive measure of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and an executive function measure of item response theory (IRT) score were used as outcomes. RESULTS: CVR and MoCA were positively associated, and this relationship was reproduced at all analysis sites. CVR was found to be positively associated with executive function. DISCUSSION: The predefined hypothesis on the association between CVR and a global cognitive score was validated in three independent analysis sites, providing support for CVR as a biomarker in VCID. Highlights: This study measured a novel functional index of small arteries referred to as cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR).CVR was positively associated with global cognition in older adults.This finding was observed in three independent cohorts at three sites.Our statistical analysis plan was predefined before beginning data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Arterial‐spin‐labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI predicts cognitive function in elderly individuals: A 4‐year longitudinal study

Author

Vis, Jill B, Peng, Shin‐Lei, Chen, Xi, Li, Yang, Liu, Peiying, Sur, Sandeepa, Rodrigue, Karen M, Park, Denise C, and Lu, Hanzhang

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Aging, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Brain Disorders, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Alzheimer's Disease, Neurodegenerative, Neurosciences, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Dementia, Underpinning research, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, 1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Neurological, Mental health, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arteries, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cardiovascular System, Cognitive Dysfunction, Female, Humans, Life Style, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Perfusion, Prospective Studies, Spin Labels, Young Adult, cerebral blood flow, cognition, arterial spin labeling, aging, episodic memory, Alzheimer's disease, Physical Sciences, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundWith the disappointing outcomes of clinical trials on patients with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there is increasing attention to understanding cognitive decline in normal elderly individuals, with the goal of identifying subjects who are most susceptible to imminent cognitive impairment.Purpose/hypothesisTo evaluate the potential of cerebral blood flow (CBF) as a biomarker by investigating the relationship between CBF at baseline and cognition at follow-up.Study typeProspective longitudinal study with a 4-year time interval.Population309 healthy subjects aged 20-89 years old.Field strength/sequence3T pseudo-continuous-arterial-spin-labeling MRI.AssessmentCBF at baseline and cognitive assessment at both baseline and follow-up.Statistical testsLinear regression analyses with age, systolic blood pressure, physical activity, and baseline cognition as covariates.ResultsLinear regression analyses revealed that whole-brain CBF at baseline was predictive of general fluid cognition at follow-up. This effect was observed in the older group (age ≥54 years, β = 0.221, P = 0.004), but not in younger or entire sample (β = 0.018, P = 0.867 and β = 0.089, P = 0.098, respectively). Among major brain lobes, frontal CBF had the highest sensitivity in predicting future cognition, with a significant effect observed for fluid cognition (β = 0.244 P = 0.001), episodic memory (β = 0.294, P = 0.001), and reasoning (β = 0.186, P = 0.027). These associations remained significant after accounting for baseline cognition. Voxelwise analysis revealed that medial frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, part of the default mode network (DMN), are among the most important regions in predicting fluid cognition.Data conclusionIn a healthy aging cohort, CBF can predict general cognitive ability as well as specific domains of cognitive function.Level of evidence1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:449-458.

Published
2018

15. CO2 cerebrovascular reactivity measured with CBF-MRI in older individuals: Association with cognition, physical function, amyloid, and tau proteins

Author

Sur, Sandeepa, primary, Lin, Zixuan, additional, Li, Yang, additional, Yasar, Sevil, additional, Rosenberg, Paul B, additional, Moghekar, Abhay, additional, Hou, Xirui, additional, Jiang, Dengrong, additional, Kalyani, Rita R, additional, Hazel, Kaisha, additional, Pottanat, George, additional, Xu, Cuimei, additional, Pillai, Jay J, additional, Liu, Peiying, additional, Albert, Marilyn, additional, and Lu, Hanzhang, additional

Published
2024
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16. Noncoding RNAs and Heart Failure

Author

Luo, Bihui, Zeng, Xiaojun, Liu, Peiying, Zhu, Hua, Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Lambris, John D., Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, and Xiao, Junjie, editor

Published
2020
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24. Discovery and replication of cerebral blood flow differences in major depressive disorder

Author

Cooper, Crystal M., Chin Fatt, Cherise R., Liu, Peiying, Grannemann, Bruce D., Carmody, Thomas, Almeida, Jorge R. C., Deckersbach, Thilo, Fava, Maurizio, Kurian, Benji T., Malchow, Ashley L., McGrath, Patrick J., McInnis, Melvin, Oquendo, Maria A., Parsey, Ramin V., Bartlett, Elizabeth, Weissman, Myrna, Phillips, Mary L., Lu, Hanzhang, and Trivedi, Madhukar H.

Published
2020
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46. Multifunctional Fluorescent Main-Chain Charged Polyelectrolytes Synthesized by Cascade C-H Activation/Annulation Polymerizations

Author

Wang, Kang, Liu, Junkai, Liu, Peiying, Wang, Dong, Han, Ting, Tang, Benzhong, Wang, Kang, Liu, Junkai, Liu, Peiying, Wang, Dong, Han, Ting, and Tang, Benzhong

Abstract

Fluorescent polyelectrolytes have attracted enormous attention as functional polymer materials. In contrast with the widely studied conjugated polyelectrolytes with ionic groups in side chains, fluorescent main-chain charged polyelectrolytes (MCCPs) have rarely been explored due to the large synthetic difficulty. Herein, we develop a facile and atom-economical N-heterocyclic carbene-directed cascade C-H activation/annulation polymerization strategy that can transform readily available imidazolium substrates and internal diynes into multifunctional fluorescent MCCPs with complex structures and high molecular weights (absolute Mn up to 135 600) in nearly quantitative yields. The presence of multisubstituted polycyclic N-heteroaromatic cations in polymer backbones endow the obtained MCCPs with excellent solution processability, high thermal stability, and dual-state efficient fluorescence in both solution and aggregate states. Benefiting from the strong electron-withdrawing capability of the cationic heterocycles in main chains, multicolored aggregate-state fluorescence can be readily achieved by modifying the substituents around the cationic ring-fused core. Taking advantage of the good photosensitivity of the fluorescent MCCP thin films, multiscale and high-resolution fluorescent photopatterns with different colors can be facilely prepared with potential applications in optical display devices and anticounterfeiting systems. Moreover, the strong electrostatic interactions of these cationic MCCPs with anionic polyelectrolytes enable them to form multicolored fluorescent interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation microfibers with directly visualized internal structures. Such flexible microfibers can be further made into diversified forms of fiber-based macroscopic patterns or painting. © 2023 American Chemical Society.

Published
2023

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