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The petrochemical industry is a pillar for China’s economy and a key field for supporting the high-quality development of the manufacturing sector. In this article, we examine China’s petrochemical industry using field research, seminar discussion, and document analysis methods. Although China is at the forefront of petrochemical development worldwide, the development quality of the petrochemical industry still needs to be improved, the product supply is insufficient, and technological innovation is lacking. To promote China’s petrochemical industry up to the middle- and upper-end of the global industrial and value chains, the top-level design should be improved to upgrade the industry in terms of quality and efficiency, and a market-oriented capacity control mechanism should be established to shift the driving forces for development. Moreover, China should focus on technological innovation to promote the core competitiveness of the industry; optimize its domestic business environment to facilitate fair competition; improve environmental policies to promote the safe and green transformation of the petrochemical industry; and deepen international cooperation among countries along the Belt and Road.

At present, the vitamin D deficiency has become a worldwide problem. In recent years, many studies have observed that there are different levels of vitamin D deficiency in many countries, and elderly people have become high-risk group of vitamin D deficiency because of dietary factors, decreased outdoor activities, decreased gastrointestinal absorption, and decreased kidney function etc. At present, research conclusion is mostly from abroad. It is necessary to study vitamin D and its related factors in different populations in China. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between vitamin D and osteoporosis in the elderly, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the association between vitamin D status and osteoporosis in the elderly people in Urumqi. Methods Two hundred patients over 65 years old were collected from July 2013 to January 2014 in the Department of Geriatrics of our hospital. The age ranged from 65 to 92 years old, with an average of 78.2 ±10.2 years old. The BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-4) and the femoral neck was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, HOLOGIC Discovery wi S/N86451 model).Serum 25 (OH) D was determined using chemiluminescence method with an electrochemical luminescence detector (Roche, E411 model). Serum vitamin D status was classified into 4 groups according to the serum 25(OH) D levels, severe deficiency (group A), deficiency (group B), insufficiency (group C), and sufficiency (group D) .The participants were divided into 3 age groups, 60-69 year group, 70-79 year group, and over 80 year group. Results Among the females, the prevalence of vitamin D severe deficiency, deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency was 26.5%(30 cases), 49.6% (56 cases), 15.9% (18 cases), and 8.0% (9 cases), respectively. Among the males, the prevalence of vitamin D severe deficiency, deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency was 20.6% (18 cases), 48.3% (42 cases), 19.5% (17 cases), and 11.5% (10 cases), respectively. BMD of femoral neck in vitamin D severe deficiency subgroup was significantly lower than that in vitamin D deficiency subgroup, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) .25 (OH) D levels and BMD values of the lumbar vertebrae in women among all age groups were not significantly different (P=0.215, P=0.036). BMD values of the femoral neck, the greater trochanter, the intertrochanter, and the hip were gradually decreased with the increase of age, with significant difference among the groups (P<0.01). No significant difference of 25(OH)D levels and BMD values of the lumbar vertebrae and the hip in men among all age groups was observed (P>0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is a quite serious problem in the elderly in Urumqi. There is no evidence that the serum 25(OH) D level is associated with BMD. A large sample study is needed to explore the correlation between vitamin D status and osteoporosis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the pathological features of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) in the lung tissues of patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP)., Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the autopsies from 8 patients with CWP, which were observed under a microscope by HE staining, given their occupational history., Results: The age of 8 cases ranged 47-71 years (mean, 59.9 years), and their dust exposure time was 18-32 years (mean, 25.1 years). All the 8 cases were complicated by chronic bronchitis as well as emphysema, 7 cases by pulmonary heart disease, and 4 cases by pulmonary tuberculosis. In this group of patients, PMF was mainly distributed in the hilum and the upper lobe of the lung, including 7 cases of nodular fusion type and 1 case of PMF type. The collagen fibers around PMF extended radially and destroyed its surrounding tissue., Conclusion: Nodular fusion type is the main form of PMF in the lung tissues of CWP patients. It has a progressive and destructive process, which is the manifestation of advanced CWP.

Objective: To investigate the pathological characteristics of draining pulmonary lymph nodes in coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and study their significance for the early diagnosis of CWP., Methods: The autopsy materials of 12 coal workers were subjected to HE staining and observed under a light microscope, and a retrospective analysis was performed considering the occupational history., Results: The age range of 12 cases was 46∼71 years (mean, 58 years), and the exposure time range was 3∼32 years (mean, 22.8 years). The draining pulmonary lymph nodes of 1 case with dust reaction mostly had coal dust deposition, mild pulmonary fibrosis, and local dust fibrosis in the medullary sinus; 1 case of stage I anthracosilicosis mainly showed extensive dust fibrosis and coal dust deposition; 8 cases of stage II anthracosilicosis mainly showed dust fibrosis and silicotic nodules; 1 case of stage III anthracosilicosis and 1 case of stage III silicosis mainly showed silicotic nodules' fusion with each other, and lymph nodes' adhesion and formation of massive fibrosis, and the formation of silicotic nodules was especially obvious in cases of stage III silicosis., Conclusion: The dust lesions of draining pulmonary lymph nodes become severer with higher severity of pulmonary lesions in cases of CWP. The cases of simple silicosis have earlier and severer lesions in draining pulmonary lymph nodes than in lung tissue.

Objective: To study the value of CT quantitativeness in the diagnosis of coal miner's pneumoconiosis., Methods: 104 cases were examined by HRCT scan at top of aortic arc, carina of trachea, 3 cm below the bifurcation of bronchi, among them there were 87 patients with different stages of coal miner's pneumoconiosis, 17 cases of normal males as the control group. All images were determined by CT density histogram at specific region (- 1,024-0 HU). Calculated the percentage of each pixel included a varying number of CT value, and the ratio of density values in the specific region., Results: The ratio of density values in the region of -983 (-) -778 HU was 87.31% in normal control group, and 80.51%, 75.27% and 72.99% respectively in the I, II, III stages of coal miner's pneumoconiosis. There were statistically significant differences among the groups (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: CT quantitative histogram information was able to observe the fibrosis and its degree of coal miner's pneumoconiosis. It has a good diagnostic value for its reliability and objectiveness.