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Aim: To evaluate the impact of a virtual reality (VR) intervention on adult patients' preoperative anxiety, heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data Sources: A librarian‐designed search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang databases was conducted to identify research studies in English or Chinese on RCTs from their inception to 31 May 2022. Detailed search strategies and the checklist are provieded in Supplementary files S1 and S2. Review Methods: Two researchers independently screened eligible studies. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. A fixed‐ or random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to determine the pooled mean difference based on the results of the heterogeneity test. Results: This study included 11 articles with a total of 892 participants. VR distraction comprised five studies, and VR exposure consisted of six studies. The results indicated that VR could reduce preoperative anxiety in adult patients and VR exposure seems to be more effective. The results also indicated that VR intervention can effectively reduce patients' heart rate and blood pressure compared to traditional intervention methods, but had no significant effect on respiration rate. Conclusion: VR technology could relieve preoperative anxiety in adult patients through distraction or exposure. More well‐designed RCTs containing a wider range of surgical types are needed to verify our findings before we can make strong recommendations. Impact: Our systematic review and meta‐analysis show a positive effect of VR distraction and exposure interventions in reducing preoperative anxiety in adult patients. We suggest incorporating VR into preoperative procedures as an auxiliary way to reduce negative emotions in eligible patients. No Patient or Public Contribution: Our paper is a systematic review and meta‐analysis and such details do not apply to our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are typical characteristics of lupus nephritis (LN). Guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5) has effects on the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. However, it is largely unknown whether and how GBP5 contributes to the progression of LN. To detect the role of GBP5 in LN, MRL/lpr mice were administrated with the lentiviral vectors that knockdown GBP5 via tail vein. Proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were treated with LPS and ATP to mimic the inflammatory response of LN in vitro. GBP5 expression was increased in the renal cortical tissues of LN mice. The in vivo results showed that GBP5 inhibition prevented the progression of LN, as evidenced by the decreased levels of 24-hour proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, accompanied by the ameliorated renal pathological damages. The increased mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2) in the renal cortex of LN mice were suppressed by GBP5 knockdown. In vitro, we demonstrated that the treatment of LPS combined with ATP induced an increase in GBP5 mRNA and protein expression in HK-2 cells. Mechanically, knockdown of GBP5 inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings reveal that GBP5 inhibition prevents the progression of LN, most likely by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. It provides a novel insight into the therapeutic interventions for LN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) intervention in the management of pain, anxiety and fear in paediatric patients undergoing needle‐related procedures. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data sources A librarian‐designed search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang databases was conducted to identify research articles in English or Chinese on RCTs up to February 28, 2022. Review methods: Two researchers independently screened eligible articles. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. A fixed‐ or random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to determine the pooled mean difference based on the results of the heterogeneity test. Results: A total of 2269 articles were initially screened. The meta‐analysis included data from 27 studies representing 2224 participants. Compared with the non‐VR group, the VR intervention group significantly reduced pain, anxiety, and fear in paediatric patients who underwent puncture‐related procedures. Subgroup analysis showed that VR has advantages over conventional and other distraction methods. Conclusion: Paediatric patients undergoing needle‐related procedures would benefit from VR interventions for pain, anxiety and fear management. Impact VR intervention has the potential to reduce pain, anxiety and fear in paediatric patients undergoing puncture‐related procedures. Future clinical interventions could incorporate VR into puncture procedures as an effective method to reduce negative emotions in children eligible for VR distractions. Patient or Public Contribution: Our paper is a systematic review and meta‐analysis and such details don't apply to our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]