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This paper delves into the fuzzy adaptive event-triggered tracking control for a certain class of strictly uncertain nonlinear systems subject to partial state constraints as well as output dead-zones. First of all, fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are utilised to approximate the unpredictable items, a fuzzy adaptive observer is intended to enable state estimation. Subsequently, a type of smooth approximate model is introduced to settle the nondifferentiable phenomenon of output dead-zones. To reduce the computational overhead of the communication operation effectively, an improved event-triggered control strategy including a decreasing hyperbolic tangent function related to dead-zone, is applied to determine the actual control input. In addition, the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is fabricated to address the issue of partial state constraint. By theoretical analysis, the reference signal can be precisely tracked by the system output and all closed-loop signals remain uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Finally, the constructed controller's effectiveness is validated with two illustrative examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grassland health refers to the degree to which the integrity of soil and ecological processes is maintained, which primarily reflects the health status and productivity of grasslands. Evaluating the degree of grassland health is vital for the sustainable develop of grasslands. There are many methods for evaluating grassland health, with advantages and disadvantages for each one. However, there is still a lack of systematic literature offering an overview of methods of grassland health assessment and their applicability. We summarized 10 methods of grassland health assessment, including vigor-organization-resilience (VOR) index evaluation model, condition-vigor-organization-resilience (CVOR) index evaluation model, principal component analysis method, analytic hierarchy process, cluster analysis method, grey relational analysis, pressure-state-response evaluation model, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, comprehensive evaluation model of grassland health, and evaluation model using remote sensing technology. The advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of these methods were discussed, aiming to provide scientific basis for selecting more suitable methods of grassland health assessment for different scenarios in the future.

We explored in-gap states (IGSs) in perovskite oxide heterojunction films. We report that IGSs in these films play a crucial role in determining the formation and properties of interfacial two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We report that electron trapping by IGSs opposes charge transfer from the film to the interface. The IGS in films yielded insulating interfaces with polar discontinuity and explained low interface carrier density of conducting interfaces. An ion trapping model was proposed to explain the physics of the IGSs and some experimental findings, such as the unexpected formation of 2DEG at the initially insulating LaCrO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface and the influence of substitution layers on 2DEG.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ratio of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in detecting brain metastases of gestational trophoblast tumor and the significance of prophylactic intrathecal therapy., Methods: Clinical information of 44 patients with brain metastases (stage IV) and 29 patients with lung metastases (stage III) of gestational trophoblast tumor who were admitted to our hospital between 1986 to 2001 were retrospectively analyzed by case control study. The variability of the ratio and the relationship between brain metastases was investigated, together with the effect of prophylactic intrathecal therapy., Results: Serum/CSF hCG ratio in patients with brain metastases declined with time. The ratio before chemotherapy was in relevant with the size of the lesion which were less than 60 in advanced stages and more than 60 in early stages. Patients of stage III with prophylactic intrathecal therapy did not progress to stage IV., Conclusions: Serum/CSF hCG ratio before chemotherapy could reflect the encephalic tumor load which had reference value in diagnosis and prognosis and prophylactic intrathecal therapy played an important role in preventing brain metastasis.