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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease requiring additional research. This study compared gene expression and immune infiltration between lesioned and preserved subchondral bone. The results were validated using multiple tissue datasets and experiments. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the lesioned and preserved tibial plateaus of OA patients were identified in the GSE51588 dataset. Moreover, functional annotation and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed on the lesioned and preserved sides to explore potential therapeutic targets in OA subchondral bones. In addition, multiple tissues were used to screen coexpressed genes, and the expression levels of identified candidate DEGs in OA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, an immune infiltration analysis was conducted. Results: A total of 1,010 DEGs were identified, 423 upregulated and 587 downregulated. The biological process (BP) terms enriched in the upregulated genes included "skeletal system development", "sister chromatid cohesion", and "ossification". Pathways were enriched in "Wnt signaling pathway" and "proteoglycans in cancer". The BP terms enriched in the downregulated genes included "inflammatory response", "xenobiotic metabolic process", and "positive regulation of inflammatory response". The enriched pathways included "neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction" and "AMP-activated protein kinase signaling". JUN, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-1β were the hub genes in the PPI network. Collagen XI A1 and leucine-rich repeat-containing 15 were screened from multiple datasets and experimentally validated. Immune infiltration analyses showed fewer infiltrating adipocytes and endothelial cells in the lesioned versus preserved samples. Conclusion: Our findings provide valuable information for future studies on the pathogenic mechanism of OA and potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, while the potential neurological mechanisms are poorly understood. To explore the alterations in the white matter (WM) structural connectome in children with drug-naïve ADHD, forty-nine ADHD and 51 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) children aged 6–14 years were enrolled. WM structural connectivity based on deterministic diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was constructed in 90 cortical and subcortical regions, and topological parameters of the resulting graphs were calculated. Network metrics were compared between two groups. The concentration index and the total cancellation test scores of digit cancellation test were used to evaluate clinical symptom severity in ADHD. Then, a partial correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between significant topologic metrics and clinical symptom severity. Compared to TD group, ADHD showed an increase in the characteristic path length (Lp), normalized clustering coefficient (γ), small worldness (σ), and a decrease in the global efficiency (Eglob) (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, ADHD showed reduced nodal centralities mainly in the regions of default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), basal ganglia, and bilateral thalamus (all p < 0.05). After performing Benjamini-Hochberg's procedure, only the left orbital part of superior frontal gyrus and the left caudate were statistically significant (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). In addition, the concentration index of ADHD was negatively correlated with the nodal betweenness of the left orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus (r = −0.302, p = 0.042). Our findings revealed an ADHD-related shift of WM network topology toward "regularization" pattern, characterized by decreased global network integration, which is also reflected by changed nodal centralities involving DMN, CEN, basal ganglia, and bilateral thalamus. ADHD could be understood by examining the dysfunction of large-scale spatially distributed neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bolted joints are widely used in aircraft structures. Proper design and accurate strength assessment of these joints are of great importance in aircraft design. In this paper, to investigate the mechanical behavior of single lap shear joints of carbon fiber reinforce plastic, four types of fastener of numerical model methods are developed. Based on the same principle of lap joint, different double bolt, and single‐lap joint structures with three distinct width‐diameter ratios (w/D) are designed and manufactured. Each specimen is loaded under tension until complete failure. The experimental results are used not only to verify the fastener models, but also to investigate the failure transformation induced from the composite load bypass and the bolt‐hole load bearing. It is found that the increase of w/D, the failure model could transfer from the net cross section damage caused by load bypass to the bolt hole failure caused by load bearing. By comparison, the numerical results show that the Cbush+RBE3 model has high adaptability and good fidelity in elastic stage without increasing the model scale in terms of the level of details. To improve the accuracy in nonlinear stage, hole geometry details need to be considered. Additionally, single bolt is created to reveal the nonlinear deformation affected by laminate thickness. Three/four/five row of bolt models are used to show the bolt load distribution characteristics. Finally, the influences of the element size and the bolt modeling methods on the bolt load distribution are analyzed, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rotylenchus astragalus sp. n. is characterised by having females 841-1069 μ m long, stylet 28-31 μ m long, basal knobs rounded, dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice (DGO) 3-5 μ m, lateral field with four incisures, pharyngeal gland lobes slender, overlapping intestine dorsally for 4-12 μ m, excretory pore located just posterior to the hemizonid, vulva slightly posterior to mid-body, ovaries paired, phasmid opening relatively large and 8-18 annuli anterior to the anus, tail conoid and absence of males. The matrix code of R. astragalus sp. n. is A5, B3, C1, D4, E1, F2, G1-2, H3, I2, J2, K1. In addition, phylogenetic relationships of the recovered populations were analysed using sequences of the near full length small subunit (SSU) and D2-D3 segments of large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Tobriloides sinensis sp. n. is described from Shanxi province, China. It is characterised by relatively long body (1620-1935 m), two subventral teeth posterior to dorsal tooth, a short pharynx (b = 4.2-5.0), cardia three times longer than wide (91-98 μ m long and 30-37 μ m wide), female reproductive system amphidelphic, the vulva situated slightly posterior to mid-body (V = 59.0-69.9), and the tail relatively short (c = 8.4-9.7 and c′ = 4.6-5.7). The phylogenetic relationships of the new species were analysed using data from the near full length small subunit (SSU) and D2-D3 segments of large subunit (LSU) of rRNA genes. The status of T. sinensis sp. n. is discussed based on both morphological and molecular characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The archival data recorded by the Fourier transform spectrometer at the USA National Solar Observatory (NSO) were used to investigate the hyperfine structure (HFS) for Tb I and Tb II levels. The magnetic dipole HFS constant A values for 45 levels of Tb I ranging from 285.5 to 34 223.95 cm−1 and for seven levels of Tb II below 36 602 cm−1 were determined. To our best knowledge, the HFS constants for 34 out of 45 levels in Tb I and for two out of seven levels in Tb II are reported for the first time. This study extended the total number of experimentally measured magnetic dipole HFS constants A to 415 for Tb I and 92 for Tb II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]