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The action of FTO on myoblasts proliferation and differentiation and molecular mechanism underlying it were investigated by transfecting with FTO lentiviral overexpression vector and gene expression profile sequencing. Compared with the control group, myoblasts with FTO transfection was significantly enhanced proliferation; the expression of MYOG and MYOD mRNA was significantly increased. In cells transfected with FTO, 129 differentially expressed genes were determined compared with control group, with 104 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated genes. Twelve pathways (Phagosome, Focal adhesion, Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, Endocytosis, Cardiac muscle contraction, Toll-like receptor, Ribosome, Tight junction, Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes and MAPK) were significantly enriched. Eight genes known to be directly or indirectly related to skeletal muscle development (LAMA5, SPP1, CAV3, RASGRF1, FAK, PDGFB, PDGFRα, and RAC2) were enriched in the focal adhesion and expressed differentially. Altogether, these data suggested that FTO stimulated differentiation of myoblasts through regulation of eight genes enriched in the focal adhesion. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13205-020-02386-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Powdery mildew (PM) is an economically important disease of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) caused by the obligate biotrophic pathogen, Podosphaera xanthii, in greenhouse and field. In this study, a resistant breeding line S06 (greenhouse European type) and a susceptible cucumber inbred line S94 (Northern China open-field type) and their F 2:3 populations were used to investigate PM resistance under seedling spray inoculation in two growing seasons and leaf disc infection in one season. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was undertaken based on a constructed molecular linkage map of the corresponding F 2 population using composite interval mapping. Five QTL (PM1.1, PM1.2, PM2.1, PM2.2 and PM5.1) for PM resistance were identified and located on linkage groups (LG) 1, 2 and 5, explaining 3.4-45.0% of the phenotypic variation. Three consistent QTL (PM1.1, PM2.1 and PM5.1) were detected under the three test conditions. The present results of the QTL analysis for PM resistance have laid a basis for breeding PM-resistant cucumber varieties by molecular marker-assisted selection.