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709 results on '"Liu, L.-J."'

1. Design of The Kinetic Inductance Detector Based Focal Plane Assembly for The Terahertz Intensity Mapper

Author

Liu, L. -J., Janssen, R. M. J., Bradford, C. M., Hailey-Dunsheath, S., Fu, J., Filippini, J. P., Aguirre, J. E., Bracks, J. S., Corso, A. J., Groppi, C., Hoh, J., Keenan, R. P., Lowe, I. N., Marrone, D. P., Mauskopf, P., Nie, R., Redford, J., Trumper, I., and Vieira, J. D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on the kinetic inductance detector (KID) array focal plane assembly design for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper (TIM). Each of the 2 arrays consists of 4 wafer-sized dies (quadrants), and the overall assembly must satisfy thermal and mechanical requirements, while maintaining high optical efficiency and a suitable electromagnetic environment for the KIDs. In particular, our design manages to strictly maintain a 50 $\mathrm{\mu m}$ air gap between the array and the horn block. We have prototyped and are now testing a sub-scale assembly which houses a single quadrant for characterization before integration into the full array. The initial test result shows a $>$95% yield, indicating a good performance of our TIM detector packaging design., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Low Temperature Physics (2022)

Published
2022
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2. Design and testing of Kinetic Inductance Detector package for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper

Author

Liu, L. -J., Janssen, R. M. J, Bradford, C. M., Hailey-Dunsheath, S., Filippini, J. P., Aguirre, J. E., Bracks, J. S., Corso, A. J., Fu, J., Groppi, C., Hoh, J., Keenan, R. P., Lowe, I. N., Marrone, D. P., Mauskopf, P., Nie, R., Redford, J., Trumper, I., and Vieira, J. D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Terahertz Intensity Mapper (TIM) is designed to probe the star formation history in dust-obscured star-forming galaxies around the peak of cosmic star formation. This will be done via measurements of the redshifted 157.7 um line of singly ionized carbon ([CII]). TIM employs two R $\sim 250$ long-slit grating spectrometers covering 240-420 um. Each is equipped with a focal plane unit containing 4 wafer-sized subarrays of horn-coupled aluminum kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). We present the design and performance of a prototype focal plane assembly for one of TIM's KID-based subarrays. Our design strictly maintain high optical efficiency and a suitable electromagnetic environment for the KIDs. The prototype detector housing in combination with the first flight-like quadrant are tested at 250 mK. Initial frequency scan shows that many resonances are affected by collisions and/or very shallow transmission dips as a result of a degraded internal quality factor (Q factor). This is attributed to the presence of an external magnetic field during cooldown. We report on a study of magnetic field dependence of the Q factor of our quadrant array. We implement a Helmholtz coil to vary the magnetic field at the detectors by (partially) nulling earth's. Our investigation shows that the earth magnetic field can significantly affect our KIDs' performance by degrading the Q factor by a factor of 2-5, well below those expected from the operational temperature or optical loading. We find that we can sufficiently recover our detectors' quality factor by tuning the current in the coils to generate a field that matches earth's magnetic field in magnitude to within a few uT. Therefore, it is necessary to employ a properly designed magnetic shield enclosing the TIM focal plane unit. Based on the results presented in this paper, we set a shielding requirement of |B| < 3 uT., Comment: This conference proceeding reports on a study of magnetic field dependence of the quality factor of Terahertz Intensity Mapper's 864-pixel Kinetic Inductance Detector array and an effort on carrying out the magnetic shielding requirement for TIM's balloon flight and science operation. 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in conference proceedings of SPIE

Published
2022
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9. Model of cell response to {\alpha}-particle radiation

Author

Liu, L. J.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior
Abstract

Starting from a general equation for organism (or cell system) growth and attributing additional cell death rate (besides the natural rate) to therapy, we derive an equation for cell response to {\alpha} radiation. Different from previous models that are based on statistical theory, the present model connects the consequence of radiation with the growth process of a biosystem and each variable or parameter has meaning regarding the cell evolving process. We apply this equation to model the dose response for {\alpha}-particle radiation. It interprets the results of both high and low linear energy transfer (LET) radiations. When LET is high, the additional death rate is a constant, which implies that the localized cells are damaged immediately and the additional death rate is proportional to the number of cells present. While at low LET, the additional death rate includes a constant term and a linear term of radiation dose, implying that the damage to some cell nuclei has a time accumulating effect. This model indicates that the oxygen-enhancement ratio (OER) decreases while LET increases consistently.

Published
2012

10. Temperature, magnetic field, and pressure dependence of the crystal and magnetic structures of the magnetocaloric compound Mn1.1Fe0.9(P0.8Ge0.2)

Author

Liu, D. M., Huang, Q., Yue, M., Lynn, J. W., Liu, L. J., Chen, Y., Wu, Z. H., and Zhang, J. X.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Neutron powder diffraction studies of the crystal and magnetic structures of the magnetocaloric compound Mn1.1Fe0.9(P0.8Ge0.2) have been carried out as a function of temperature, applied magnetic field, and pressure. The data reveal that there is only one transition observed over the entire range of variables explored, which is a combined magnetic and structural transformation between the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phases (Tc~255 K for this composition). The structural part of the transition is associated with an expansion of the hexagonal unit cell in the direction of the a- and b-axes and a contraction of the c-axis as the FM phase is formed, which originates from an increase in the intra-layer metal-metal bond distance. The application of pressure is found to have an adverse effect on the formation of the FM phase since pressure opposes the expansion of the lattice and hence decreases Tc. The application of a magnetic field, on the other hand, has the expected effect of enhancing the FM phase and increasing Tc. We find that the substantial range of temperature/field/pressure coexistence of the PM and FM phases observed is due to compositional variations in the sample. In-situ high temperature diffraction measurements were carried out to explore this issue, and reveal a coexisting liquid phase at high temperatures that is the origin of this variation. We show that this range of coexisting phases can be substantially reduced by appropriate heat treatment to improve the sample homogeneity., Comment: Revised manuscript submitted to Phys. Rev. B. Updated, three new figures

Published
2009
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11. Comprehensive Learning PSO for Solving Environment Heterogeneous Fixed Fleet VRP with Time Windows

Author

Gan, X. B., Liu, L. J., Chen, J. S., Niu, Ben, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Tan, Ying, editor, Shi, Yuhui, editor, and Li, Li, editor

Published
2016
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13. Association of FEV1 in Asthmatic Children with Personal and Microenvironmental Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter

Author

Delfino, Ralph J, Quintana, Penelope J.E., Floro, Josh, Gastañaga, Victor M, Samimi, Behzad S, Kleinman, Michael T, Liu, L.-J. Sally, Bufalino, Charles, Wu, Chang-Fu, and McLaren, Christine E

Subjects
antiinflammatory medication use, ambient air-pollution, inner-city children, respiratory health, symptom severity, particles, indoor, time, california, pollutants
Published
2004

14. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Particulate Matter Health Effects Research Centers Program: a midcourse report of status, progress, and plans.

Author

Lippmann, Morton, Frampton, Mark, Schwartz, Joel, Dockery, Douglas, Schlesinger, Richard, Koutrakis, Petros, Froines, John, Nel, Andre, Finkelstein, Jack, Godleski, John, Kaufman, Joel, Koenig, Jane, Larson, Tim, Luchtel, Dan, Liu, L-J Sally, Oberdorster, Gunter, Peters, Annette, Sarnat, Jeremy, Sioutas, Constantinos, Suh, Helen, Sullivan, Jeff, Utell, Mark, Wichmann, Erich, and Zelikoff, Judith

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Air Pollutants, Data Collection, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Mortality, Particle Size, Public Health, Research, Research Support as Topic, United States, United States Environmental Protection Agency, acute effects, biological mechanisms, chronic effects, criteria pollutants, dosimetry, exposure assessment, infrastructure, morbidity, mortality, particulate matter, Medical and Health Sciences, Toxicology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Environmental sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

In 1998 Congress mandated expanded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) health effects research on ambient air particulate matter (PM) and a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide research oversight. The U.S. EPA currently supports intramural and extramural PM research, including five academically based PM centers. The PM centers in their first 2.5 years have initiated research directed at critical issues identified by the NRC committee, including collaborative activities, and sponsored scientific workshops in key research areas. Through these activities, there is a better understanding of PM health effects and scientific uncertainties. Future PM centers research will focus on long-term effects associated with chronic PM exposures. This report provides a synopsis of accomplishments to date, short-term goals (during the next 2.5 years) and longer-term goals. It consists of six sections: biological mechanisms, acute effects, chronic effects, dosimetry, exposure assessment, and the specific attributes of a coordinated PM centers program.

Published
2003

15. Improving the regional deployment of carbon mitigation efforts by incorporating air-quality co-benefits: A multi-provincial analysis of China

Author

Jiang, H.-D., Purohit, P., Liang, Q.-M., Liu, L.-J., Zhang, Y.-F., Jiang, H.-D., Purohit, P., Liang, Q.-M., Liu, L.-J., and Zhang, Y.-F.

Abstract

It is critically important to include the co-benefits of abated air pollution when sharing carbon mitigation efforts among provinces. Therefore, using a Chinese multi-regional computable general equilibrium model, this study incorporated the pollutant co-benefits into the carbon marginal abatement cost curves and evaluated the inter-provincial abatement effort sharing for China's provinces to achieve the Nationally Determined Contribution target. Results show that the more developed eastern economies face higher abatement costs under the same abatement level compared to the less developed central and western provinces. Second, in the composition of total co-benefits among provinces, the co-benefits of SO2 reductions exceed 60% followed by the co-benefits of NOX and PM2.5 reductions. Finally, the provincial abatement costs will be offset by 4.3% to 18.9% after considering the co-benefits. Specifically, provinces with high per capita GDP and energy-intensive industries (e.g. Shandong, Liaoning, and Jilin) and some provinces with energy production bases (e.g. Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Xinjiang) have higher co-benefits and offset the more abatement costs; therefore, they can consider raising abatement efforts. Moreover, provinces with high economic levels but fewer co-benefits (e.g. Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai) can consider providing climate funding or transferring abatement technologies to support the abatement work of less developed provinces.

Published
2023
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17. Ozone exposure assessment in a southern California community.

Author

Liu, L J, Delfino, R, and Koutrakis, P

Subjects
ambient
Abstract

An ozone exposure assessment study was conducted in a Southern California community. The Harvard ozone passive sampler was used to monitor cohorts of 22 and 18 subjects for 8 weeks during the spring and fall of 1994, respectively. Ozone exposure variables included 12-hr personal O3 measurements, stationary outdoor O3 measurements from a continuous UV photometer and from 12-hr Harvard active monitors, and time-activity information. Results showed that personal O3 exposure levels averaged one-fourth of outdoor stationary O3 levels, attributable to high percentages of time spent indoors. Personal O3 levels were not predicted well by outdoor measurements. A random-effect general linear model analysis indicated that variance in personal exposure measurements was largely accounted for by random error (59-82%), followed by inter-subject (9-18%) and between-day (9-23%) random effects. The microenvironmental model performs differently by season, with the regression model for spring cohorts exhibiting two times the R2 of the fall cohorts (R2 = 0.21 vs. 0.09). When distance from the stationary monitoring site, elevation, and traffic are taken into account in the microenvironmental models, the adjusted R2 increased almost twofold for the fall personal exposure data. The low predictive power is due primarily to the apparent spatial variation of outdoor O3 and errors in O3 measurements and in time-activity records (particularly in recording the use of air conditioning). This study highlights the magnitude of O3 exposure misclassification in epidemiological settings and proposes an approach to reduce exposure uncertainties in assessing air pollution health effects.ImagesFigure 1. AFigure 1. BFigure 2. AFigure 2. BFigure 3.Figure 4.Figure 5.Figure 6.

Published
1997

18. P009 IL-3 receptor signalling suppresses chronic intestinal inflammation by controlling mechanobiology and tissue egress of regulatory T cells

Author

Ullrich, K, primary, Derdau, J, additional, Baltes, C, additional, Rosso, G, additional, Uderhardt, S, additional, Schulze, L L, additional, Liu, L J, additional, Dedden, M, additional, Spocinska, M, additional, Kainka, L, additional, Kubánková, M, additional, Müller, T M, additional, Schmidt, N M, additional, Becker, E, additional, Atreya, I, additional, Neurath-Finotto, S, additional, Prots, I, additional, Weigmann, B, additional, López-Posadas, R, additional, Atreya, R, additional, Ekici, A B, additional, Lautenschläger, F, additional, Guck, J, additional, Neurath, M F, additional, and Zundler, S, additional

Published
2023
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22. Design of the Kinetic Inductance Detector Based Focal Plane Assembly for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper

Author

Liu, L.-J., primary, Janssen, R. M. J., additional, Bradford, C. M., additional, Hailey-Dunsheath, S., additional, Fu, J., additional, Filippini, J. P., additional, Aguirre, J. E., additional, Bracks, J. S., additional, Corso, A. J., additional, Groppi, C., additional, Hoh, J., additional, Keenan, R. P., additional, Lowe, I. N., additional, Marrone, D. P., additional, Mauskopf, P., additional, Nie, R., additional, Redford, J., additional, Trumper, I., additional, and Vieira, J. D., additional

Published
2022
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24. Single Pixel Performance of the Kinetic Inductance Detectors for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper.

Author

Janssen, R. M. J., Nie, R., Bumble, B., Liu, L.-J., Redford, J., Filippini, J. P., Bradford, C. M., Hailey-Dunsheath, S., Aguirre, J. E., Bracks, J. S., Corso, A. J., Fu, J., Groppi, C. E., Hoh, J., Keenan, R. P., Lowe, I. N., Marrone, D. P., Mauskopf, P. D., Trumper, I., and Vieira, J. D.

Subjects
ELECTRIC inductance, DETECTORS, PHOTON detectors, WHITE noise, STAR formation, PHOTON counting, SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices
Abstract

The Terahertz Intensity Mapper (TIM) is a NASA far-infrared balloon mission designed to perform [CII] intensity mapping of the peak of cosmic star formation. To achieve this goal, TIM will fly two grating spectrometers that together cover the 240–420 μ m wavelength range at a spectral resolution, R ∼ 250 . Each spectrometer will require a large format ( ∼ 3600 detectors) array of dual-polarization sensitive detectors, which are photon noise limited at the 100 fW of loading expected during operation. We present the design of a fully-aluminum low-volume lumped-element kinetic inductance detector that incorporates a novel "chain-link" absorber design. Operating at 215 mK, we demonstrate this detector achieves a photon noise limited performance at 100 fW of optical loading with a white noise spectrum down to 1 Hz. Based upon noise measurements of a dark detector, which shows a quasi-particle lifetime of 300 μ s , these KIDs are expected to achieve a detector-limited noise equivalent power of ∼ 1.3 × 10 - 18 W / Hz . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Probing Mo93m Isomer Depletion with an Isomer Beam

Author

Guo, S., primary, Ding, B., additional, Zhou, X. H., additional, Wu, Y. B., additional, Wang, J. G., additional, Xu, S. W., additional, Fang, Y. D., additional, Petrache, C. M., additional, Lawrie, E. A., additional, Qiang, Y. H., additional, Yang, Y. Y., additional, Ong, H. J., additional, Ma, J. B., additional, Chen, J. L., additional, Fang, F., additional, Yu, Y. H., additional, Lv, B. F., additional, Zeng, F. F., additional, Zeng, Q. B., additional, Huang, H., additional, Jia, Z. H., additional, Jia, C. X., additional, Liang, W., additional, Li, Y., additional, Huang, N. W., additional, Liu, L. J., additional, Zheng, Y., additional, Zhang, W. Q., additional, Rohilla, A., additional, Bai, Z., additional, Jin, S. L., additional, Wang, K., additional, Duan, F. F., additional, Yang, G., additional, Li, J. H., additional, Xu, J. H., additional, Li, G. S., additional, Liu, M. L., additional, Liu, Z., additional, Gan, Z. G., additional, Wang, M., additional, and Zhang, Y. H., additional

Published
2022
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29. The cost-benefit comparisons of China's and India's NDCs based on carbon marginal abatement cost curves

Author

Jiang, H.-D., Purohit, P., Liang, Q.-M., Dong, K., Liu, L.-J., Jiang, H.-D., Purohit, P., Liang, Q.-M., Dong, K., and Liu, L.-J.

Abstract

Incorporating co-benefits of carbon abatement policies can offset costs and inspire greater and faster reductions in emissions in many cases. Most studies on co-benefits are carried out within a partial equilibrium framework and ignore the general equilibrium effects. Therefore, using a computable general equilibrium model, this study incorporated the co-benefits of carbon abatement policies into the carbon marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs), and evaluated the total abatement costs and cost-saving effects for China and India to achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) target. The results indicate that the original carbon MACCs of India in any given year are generally higher than those of China; however, after considering the air pollution-related co-benefits, the overall level of the revised MACCs in China is slightly higher than that of India from 2020 to 2030. In the composition of total co-benefits in China and India, the co-benefits of SO2 reductions account for more than 80% of national total co-benefits, followed by the co-benefits of NOx and PM2.5 reductions. Furthermore, if co-benefits are considered, whether it is China or India, the marginal abatement costs and total abatement costs to achieve NDC targets can be effectively offset; but in comparison, India has more significant cost-saving effects, while for China it will be more difficult to reduce emissions in the latter half of the process of achieving NDC targets. These findings are helpful for developing countries in coordinating and strengthening their ability to tackle climate change and environmental protection.

Published
2022

31. Femoral & Experimental

Author

Cox, T., Huntington, C., Blair, L., Prasad, T., Heniford, B. T., Augenstein, V., Abdullah, A., Chaudhuri, A., Shen, Y. M., Yang, S., Che, J., Liu, C., Yang, K., Ji, Y. C., Lei, W. Z., Song, Y. H., Mykytiuk, S., Vlasov, V., Mykytiuk, O., Kozak, I., Prystupa, M., Henriksen, N. A., Mortensen, J. H., Lorentzen, L., Juhl, P., Bay Jensen, A.-C., Ågren, M. S., Jorgensen, L. N., Karsdal, M. A., Zhang, Z. L., Zhou, B. J., Li, Y. Q., Ma, S. W., Li, W. B., Duan, G. Q., Song, W. Q., Liu, L. J., Petro, C., Majumder, A., Fayez, M., Anderson, J., Novitsky, Y. W., Zhang, J., Hu, Z. Q., Billiar, T. R., Wang, Q., and Badylak, S. F.

Published
2015
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32. Recent Innovations & Daily Problems

Author

Tsai, Y., Ross, N., Niebuhr, H., Sailer, M., Köckerling, F., Sun, L., Shen, Y. M., Chen, J., Liu, S. J., Chen, F. Q., Yang, G. Y., Berney, C., Malouf, P., Suarez, D., Tavera, J. L., Ocadiz, J., Chen, T., Wang, J., Mancini, R., Pattaro, G., Ceci, F., Spaziani, E., Bansa, B., Lal, P., Sharma, R., Pradhan, G., Chander, J., Ramteke, V. K., Wijerathne, S., Agarwal, N., Liem, D., Lomanto, D., Warren, J., Cobb, W., Ewing, J., Carbonell, A., Guillaume, O., Holl, E., Park, J., Monforte, X., Redl, H., Petter-Puchner, A., Gruber-Blum, S., Teuschl, A., Yoshihara, E., Pottel, H., D’Hondt, M., Jadhav, P., Nagahama, T., Ando, M., Ami, K., Amagasa, H., Ganno, H., Arai, K., Kitamura, M., El-Hayek, K., Yoo, J., Phillips, M., Pauli, E., Bittner, J., Kroh, M., Garcia, D., Furtado, T., Alberti, L., Neto, C., Hubner, P., Alves, A., Oliveira, C., Vianna, J., Campolina, C., Dumanian, G., Dumanian, Z., Tulaimat, A., Chen, S., Liu, L. J., Guttadauro, A., Frassani, S., Macchini, D., Bertolini, A., Maternini, M., Gabrielli, F., Subramanian, V., Venditti, D., De Majo, A., Sena, G., Lisi, G., De Sanctis, F., Petrella, G., Porwal, A., Jadhav, M., Stein, M., Kaveggia, L., Clift, J., Noda, W., Niebuhr, H., Ross, N., Niebuhr, H., Ross, N., Niebuhr, H., Ross, N., Niebuhr, H., Ross, N., and Niebuhr, H.

Published
2015
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36. Realization of skyrmion subtracter and diverter in a voltage-gated synthetic antiferromagnetic racetrack.

Author

Sheng, Qiang, Liu, X. L., Chen, W. J., Li, M. Y., Liu, L. J., and Zheng, Yue

Subjects
SKYRMIONS, DIVERTERS (Electronics), VOLTAGE-gated ion channels, ANTIFERROMAGNETIC materials, MAGNETIC anisotropy, TUNNEL magnetoresistance
Abstract

Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates for next-generation information carriers. Many concepts and prototypes for skyrmion-based devices have been proposed, and most of the studies are based on the motion of isolated skyrmion. Nevertheless, so far, a comprehensive research of multi-skyrmion motion and related device design are still lacking. In this work, a skyrmion subtracter and a skyrmion diverter based on multi-skyrmion motion are numerically demonstrated in a voltage-gated synthetic antiferromagnetic racetrack. It shows that the number of skyrmions along an array n can be subtracted by an integer from 1 to n by proper control of the driving current density and the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy in a narrow racetrack, realizing the function of a skyrmion subtracter. Moreover, when the width of racetrack increases, a single array of skyrmions along the racetrack direction can redistribute along the voltage gate due to the blocking effect of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy. As a result, the single array of skyrmions can split into several arrays, realizing the function of a skyrmion diverter. Our results thus provide guidelines for designing novel racetrack-type skyrmionic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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47. Modeling the residential infiltration of outdoor PM2.5 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA air)

Author

Allen, Ryan W., Adar, Sara D., Avol, Ed, Cohen, Martin, Curl, Cynthia L., Larson, Timothy, Liu, L.-J. Sally, Sheppard, Lianne, and Kaufman, Joel D.

Subjects
Particles -- Health aspects, Atherosclerosis -- Risk factors -- Environmental aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies of fine particulate matter [aerodynamic diameter [less than or equal to] 2.5 [micro]m ([PM.sub.2.5])] typically use outdoor concentrations as exposure surrogates. Failure to account for variation in [...]

Published
2012

48. Measuring in-cabin school bus tailpipe and crankcase [PM.sub.2.5]: a new dual tracer method

Author

Ireson, Robert G., Ondov, John M., Zielinska, Barbara, Weaver, Christopher S., Easter, Michael D., Lawson, Douglas R., Hesterberg, Thomas W., Davey, Mark E., and Liu, L.-J. Sally

Subjects
Golden Co. -- Production processes, Advertising campaigns -- Optical properties, Toluene -- Optical properties, Mass spectrometry -- Optical properties, Automotive emissions -- Optical properties, Combustion -- Optical properties, Environmental health -- Optical properties, Diesel fuels -- Optical properties, Air quality -- Optical properties, Business performance management -- Optical properties, Indicators (Biology) -- Optical properties, Lubrication and lubricants -- Optical properties, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- Optical properties, Air pollution -- Optical properties, Tracers (Biology) -- Optical properties, Environmental services industry, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Society of Automotive Engineers
Abstract

ABSTRACT Exposures of occupants in school buses to on-road vehicle emissions, including emissions from the bus itself, can be substantially greater than those in outdoor settings. A dual tracer method [...]

Published
2011
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