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20 results on '"Liu, Kai-Shen"'

1. Survey of Indoor Radon Concentrations in California Elementary Schools. Final Report.

Author

California State Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley. Environmental Health Laboratory Branch., Zhou, Joey Y., Liu, Kai-Shen, and Waldman, J

Abstract

This paper reports on the concentrations of radon found within a sample of 378 elementary schools in California. Long-term alpha-track radon detectors were placed in 6,485 classrooms within participating schools to detect radon levels for between 220 to 366 days. Only classrooms were tested. Results show that about 5.6 percent of the schools tested had at least one classroom with more than the maximum level of radon (4pCi/1) as recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; the maximum measured classroom radon level was 12.8 pCi/1. Affected schools had from one to six classrooms exceeding the level. An adjusted analysis suggests statewide rates of excessive radon to be in 4.7 percent of the schools. Recommendations and statistical data conclude the report. (Contains 12 references.) (GR)

Published
1998

6. Causes of unintentional deaths from carbon monoxide poisonings in California

Author

Girman, John R., Chang, Yu-Lin, Hayward, Steven B., and Liu, Kai-Shen

Subjects
Carbon monoxide poisoning -- Causes of, Mortality -- California, Health
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the annual number and incidence of unintentional deaths from carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings in California and to identify specific factors that caused or contributed to the deaths. Unintentional CO deaths in California over a ten-year period (1979 to 1988) were identified from the database of the California Master Mortality File and coroners' investigation reports. Factors associated with unintentional CO deaths were determined based on the information from the investigation reports. The annual number of unintentional CO deaths varied from 27 to 58 over the ten years examined, with an average annual death incidence of 1.7 x [10.sup.4]. Death rates were high among males and African-Americans. Alcohol appeared to be a factor in 31% of the cases. The types of combustion sources associated with unintentional CO deaths were: heating or cooking appliances; motor vehicles; charcoal grills and hibachis; small engines; and camping equipment Factors associated with unintentional CO deaths interact in a complex way. To reduce the rate of unintentional CO deaths effectively, joint efforts involving several prevention methods are suggested. (Girman JR, Chang Y-L, Hayward SB, Liu K-S. Causes of unintentional deaths from carbon monoxide poisonings in California. West J Med 1998; 168:158-165), Many papers have been written about carbon monoxide (CO) and its effects on health, which range front headache and nausea to low birth weight to death by asphyxiation.[1-3] CO is [...]

Published
1998

11. Causes of unintentional deaths from carbon monoxide poisonings in California.

Author

Griman, John R., Chang, Yu-Lin, Hayward, Steven V., and Liu, Kai-Shen

Abstract

Presents the results of a study which was performed to ascertain the number of unintentional deaths from carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings in California. How factors associated with unintentional CO deaths were determined; Incidence of death among males and African-Americans.

Published
1998

14. Characterization and source apportionment of wintertime aerosol in a wood-burning community

Author

Steven B. Hayward, Ken Sexton, John D. Spengler, and Liu Kai-Shen

Subjects
Nephelometer, Trace element, Environmental engineering, Air pollution, Combustion, medicine.disease_cause, Pollution, Aerosol, Continuous data, Ambient air, Environmental chemistry, medicine, Wood burning, Environmental science
Abstract

The continuing upsurge in residential wood combustion has raised questions about potential adverse effects on ambient air quality. A study to investigate the effects of wood-burning emissions on ambient aerosol concentrations was conducted in Waterbury, Vermont, from January to March 1982. Data on total, inhalable and respirable particles (24-h averages) were collected at a central monitoring site and augmented with similar measurements at two auxiliary stations. Mass concentrations were determined gravimetrically and selected samples were analyzed for elemental composition (XRF), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (GC/MS, HPLC), and organic and elemental carbon (thermal-optical method). In addition, continuous data from an integrating nephelometer and a meteorological data acquisition system were collected at the central site. This paper presents results of organic and elemental characterization of wintertime aerosol and examines several different source-apportionment methods, focusing on the contribution of residential wood combustion to measured ambient concentrations.

Published
1985

20. A geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial modeling approach to assessing indoor radon potential at local level.

Author

Zhou JY, Laćan I, Liu KS, and Waldman J

Subjects
Air Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Geographic Information Systems, Models, Theoretical
Abstract

This study integrates residential radon data from previous studies in Southern California (USA), into a geographic information system (GIS) linked with statistical techniques. A difference (p<0.05) is found in the indoor radon in residences grouped by radon-potential zones. Using a novel Monte Carlo approach, we found that the mean distance from elevated-radon residences (concentration>74 Bq m(-3)) to epicenters of large (> 4 Richter) earthquakes was smaller (p<0.0001) than the average residence-to-epicenter distance, suggesting an association between the elevated indoor-radon and seismic activities.

Published
2006
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