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Gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase 1 antisense RNA 1 (BBOX1-AS1), located on human chromosome 11 p14, emerges as a critical player in tumorigenesis with diverse oncogenic effects. Aberrant expression of BBOX1-AS1 intricately regulates various cellular processes, including cell growth, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, metastasis, cell death, and stemness. Notably, the expression of BBOX1-AS1 was significantly correlated with clinical-pathological characteristics and tumor prognoses, and it could also be used for the diagnosis of lung and esophageal cancers. Through its involvement in the ceRNA network, BBOX1-AS1 competitively binds to eight miRNAs in ten different cancer types. Additionally, BBOX1-AS1 can directly modulate downstream protein-coding genes or act as an mRNA stabilizer. The implications of BBOX1-AS1 extend to critical signaling pathways, including Hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, and MELK/FAK pathways. Moreover, it influences drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study provides a systematic review of the clinical significance of BBOX1-AS1's aberrant expression in diverse tumor types. It sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms through which BBOX1-AS1 influences cancer initiation and progression and outlines potential avenues for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase 1 antisense RNA 1 (BBOX1-AS1), located on human chromosome 11 p14, emerges as a critical player in tumorigenesis with diverse oncogenic effects. Aberrant expression of BBOX1-AS1 intricately regulates various cellular processes, including cell growth, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, metastasis, cell death, and stemness. Notably, the expression of BBOX1-AS1 was significantly correlated with clinical-pathological characteristics and tumor prognoses, and it could also be used for the diagnosis of lung and esophageal cancers. Through its involvement in the ceRNA network, BBOX1-AS1 competitively binds to eight miRNAs in ten different cancer types. Additionally, BBOX1-AS1 can directly modulate downstream protein-coding genes or act as an mRNA stabilizer. The implications of BBOX1-AS1 extend to critical signaling pathways, including Hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, and MELK/FAK pathways. Moreover, it influences drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study provides a systematic review of the clinical significance of BBOX1-AS1's aberrant expression in diverse tumor types. It sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms through which BBOX1-AS1 influences cancer initiation and progression and outlines potential avenues for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The sequential expression of miR156 and SPLs genes were conserved in pepper. • Leaf morphology is regarded as a reliable and stable vegetative phase change marker of pepper. • The number of leaf veins are correlated to the timing expression of miR156. After germination, plants go through two phases of vegetative development - juvenile and adult - before entering the reproductive phase. These phases have varying characteristics and timing across plant species, making it challenging to determine if different vegetative traits correspond to the same or distinct developmental processes. miR156 has been identified as the primary regulator of vegetative phase change in plants, with the miR156-SPLs (SQUAMOSA Promoter Binding Protein-Likes) module playing a crucial role in regulating age-related agronomic traits in various crops. Such traits include disease resistance, optimal plant breeding, and secondary metabolism regulation. However, it is unknown whether miR156-SPLs contribute to the critical agronomic traits of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Thus, this study seeks to identify miR156 and SPLs genes in pepper, analyze their evolutionary links with model plants, and confirm their expression patterns using gene expression assays. The study also examines the relationship between miR156 expression levels in two cultivars of pepper and specific traits associated with the juvenile-to-adult transition. The results indicate that leaf shape and the number of leaf veins are correlated to the timing expression of miR156. Our study represents an important resource for identifying age-dependent agronomic traits in pepper and lays the foundation for future systematic regulation of miR156-SPLs to advance pepper development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This article outlines the significant role of non-coding RNA in responding to various abiotic stressors in vegetable crops. • The importance of non-coding RNA is emphasized in balancing vegetable development and production, as well as in improving crop stress resilience. • This article provides gene resources and a theoretical foundation for the study of stress-resistant breeding in vegetable crops, and has significant guiding and practical value. Vegetable crops play a crucial role in agricultural production, providing essential vitamins and minerals necessary for a healthy diet. Recently, there has been growing interest in cultivating vegetable varieties with outstanding agricultural and economic traits. However, vegetable production is often exposed to various abiotic stresses like soil drought, temperature fluctuations, and heavy metal stress, which can negatively impact yield and quality. While previous research has investigated the physiological responses of vegetable crops to such stressors, less attention has been given to genetic networks. Plants respond to environmental stress mainly by adapting first and then reacting, thereby enhancing their resistance to stress. Typically, different abiotic stresses trigger epigenetic changes, which can regulate non-coding RNAs. Therefore, studying the epigenetic mechanisms of vegetable crop responses to abiotic stress can provide insights into the molecular response mechanisms of plants under stress. This knowledge has practical applications in breeding vegetable crops for resistance. This article summarizes the primary research findings on the regulation of non-coding RNAs and their expression levels in vegetable crops exposed to abiotic stresses to guide molecular breeding approaches for vegetable crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A risk association between membranous nephropathy (MN) and lung cancer is reported, but traditional observational studies cannot provide strong evidence of its causality. This study aimed to assess genome-wide association studies data for a causal relationship between MN and lung cancer using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Inverse-variance weighted, and MR Egger regression techniques were used to determine the association of genetic variants from cohorts of MN and lung cancer patients. Independent genetic variants with genome-wide significance (P < 5×10–8) were used to determine the direction of chance. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the accuracy of the results. The results suggest that MN is an exposure factor for lung cancer, validated using a second cohort of lung cancer patients (P < 0.001). There is insufficient evidence to suggest a causal relationship between lung cancer and MN; however, cigarette smoking may be a confounding factor for lung cancer due to MN. The findings provide causal evidence for the effect of MN on lung cancer risk and may be useful for patient management, especially in older patients with MN who should be systematically screened regularly. A two-sample Mendelian randomization study identifies a causal effect of membranous nephropathy on lung cancer, suggesting that membranous nephropathy may be an exposure factor for lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxides are arguably a promising solution to next‐generation high‐energy‐density anode materials. In particular, molybdenum oxides own high theoretical specific capacity (1117 and 838 mA h g−1 for MoO3 and MoO2, respectively), high chemical stability, and low cost. The low electronic conductivity of MoO3 limits their charge–discharge rate performances and delithiation capability. By controlling the valence state of MoOx with carbon, partial MoO3 can be reduced to MoO2 with low electrical resistance and high‐rate capacity. Nonetheless, both molybdenum oxides undergo large‐volume expansion/shrinkage and even pulverization in the lithiation/delithiation process. Herein, through a facile pyrolysis method a MoOx/N‐doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) anode with controllable valence states of Mo is designed. The high conductivity and flexibility of the NCNT matrix form a stable MoO2/MoO3 anode with finely matched lattices and coordinated 3d electrons. Owing to molecularly close contact between electron‐rich CNTs and MoOx, MoOx/NCNTs own a high conductivity of 0.36 S cm−1, and mitigate the volume expansion in charges and discharges. The MoO3/MoO2/NCNTs anode delivers an unparalleled high gravimetric capacity of 970 mA h g−1, over 100‐cycle stability and high rate capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animals communicate with each other in aggregating for survival and adaptation. Solitary locusts show an olfactory transition from repulsion to attraction in aggregation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this transition is less well known. In this study, we explored differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) during locust aggregation and identified that a functional class of general metabolism encompassed the largest number of DETs among all analyzed gene classes. Within this functional class of general metabolism, oxidoreductase mediates synthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from vitamin A and other metabolites derived from carbohydrates. The expression levels of retinaldehyde hydroxylase 1 (raldh1) and retinoid X receptor (rxr) , which are two crucial genes for RA synthesis and signaling, were upregulated during 4 h of crowding. Knockdown of raldh1 and rxr by RNA interference (RNAi) in the brains resulted in the loss of olfactory attraction. Moreover, inhibition of RXR by RNAi resulted in downregulated expression of Gna14 , a member of the Gα subfamily that transduces signals in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways. Abrogating RXR signaling and Gna1 4 by RNAi knockdown inhibited the function of dopamine receptor 1 (DopR1) and octopamine receptor α1 (OctαR1) in modulating olfactory attraction. RXR signaling is essential for DopR1 and OctαR1 to mediate olfactory attraction. This study showed that RXR signaling mediates attraction by Gα signaling and confirmed a novel link between nuclear receptor RXR and the membrane receptor GPCRs in modulating olfactory attraction. Image 1 • Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and retinaldehyde hydroxylase 1(raldh1) mediate olfactory attraction. • RXR affects the expression level of Gna14 in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway. • The deficiency of RXR abrogates the roles of DopR1 and OctαR1 in the modulation of olfactory attraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) is abundantly expressed in retina and its mutations are associated with visual impairments. The functions of CRALBP are less known in extra retinal tissues. Herein, we study the function of CRALBP in modulating olfactory behaviors in gregarious and solitary locusts. The expressions of cralbp mRNA and protein were enriched in locust brains and antennae. RNAi knockdown of cralbp in gregarious locusts decreased their attractive response to gregarious volatiles. RNA-seq and quantitative PCR confirmed that cralbp mRNA and protein expression levels were upregulated and downregulated after octopamine receptor α1 (OctαR1) activation and inhibition, respectively. Gene network analysis revealed that cralbp is the core hub gene in the interactive network among differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) resulting from activating and inhibiting OctαR1. Moreover, cralbp RNAi knockdown inhibited the induction of olfactory attraction by octopamine (OA)-OctαR1 signaling. CRALBP helped to transmit OA signals to mediate olfactory attraction response to guaiacol and veratrole, which are two odorant components in gregarious volatiles. This study suggested that CRALBP may act as a novel effector protein in OctαR1 signaling to mediate olfactory attraction. This study indicated that CRALBP modulates olfactory attraction in extra retina tissues and retinaldehyde metabolism may be crucial for olfactory attraction modulation. Image 1 • CRALBP is enriched in the brains and affects their olfactory attraction. • OctαR1 activation and inhibition upregulates and downregulates CRALBP expression, respectively. • CRALBP acts as a critical target in OctαR1 signaling to mediate olfactory attraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Separators are becoming increasingly important in both academic research and industrial production as a means of enhancing the performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), particularly at a high rate. However, fast charge–discharge processes will produce local heat accumulation, which accelerates the local reaction rate of Li+ to form lithium dendrites. Commercial polyolefin separators fail to tackle the above issue due to inferior thermal stability. Herein, a core–shell structure is proposed to reinforce the polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) matrix through encircling carbon nanotube (CNT) by adherent polydopamine (PDA). The core–shell 3D structure with PDA avoids the short circuits caused by the electrically conductive CNT, and meantime, the CNT serves as an effective radiator for dispersing local heat sources verified through finite element analysis. The composite separator allows LIBs to achieve high Li+ conductivity (0.49 × 10−3 S cm−1) and Li+ transfer number (0.74), resulting in a high capacity retention of 87.35% after 800 cycles at 5C. In particular, the safety is confirmed that the composite separator avoids violent growth of lithium dendrites caused by local heat accumulation through phase‐field simulations. This work suggests a promising approach for the fabrication of core–shell nanotube composite separators for high‐rate and safe LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translocator protein (TSPO, 18kDa), which was previously known as a peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptor, is associated with psychiatric disorders and acts as a neuroimaging biomarker. However, its function and mechanism in modulating behaviors are less well‐known. Herein, we found that TSPO in migratory locusts shows conserved protein traits and is expressed at high levels in the brains. The expression levels of tspo mRNA and protein were higher in brains of solitary locusts than those in gregarious locusts, whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels remained stable during crowding and isolation, suggesting that the expression level of TSPO is potentially associated with behavioral phenotype of solitary locusts. Moreover, tspo RNAi knockdown in the brains of solitary locusts decreased their olfactory repulsion. After RNAi knockdown of tyramine receptor (TyR) in the brains of solitary locusts, RNA‐seq analysis identified that a functional class of receptors, which included tspo, was downregulated significantly. Moreover, tspo mRNA and protein expression levels were downregulated and upregulated after TyR RNAi knockdown and activation, respectively. tspo RNAi knockdown in the brains of solitary locusts induced the attractive response and inhibited the function of tyramine (TA)‐TyR in inducing olfactory repulsion. In gregarious locusts, tspo RNAi knockdown inhibited the function of TA‐TyR inducing olfactory repulsion. This study confirms that TSPO acts as a crucial effector protein in TA‐TyR signaling to modulate olfactory repulsion. Furthermore, this study provides a novel mechanism by which TSPO functionally connects a G‐protein‐coupled receptor and a mitochondria membrane protein in modulating olfactory repulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, the Co(OH) 2 -Co 3 O 4 /graphene (g-composite), Co(OH) 2 -Co 3 O 4 /MWCNT (n-composite), and Co(OH) 2 -Co 3 O 4 /carbon black (b-composite) composite were synthesized via facile solvothermal methods. The crystalline structure, morphology and chemical composition of these nanocomposites were characterized with XRD, SEM, and TEM in details. The XRD, XPS, and Raman results delivered comprehensive structural evidence for the Co(OH) 2 -Co 3 O 4 /carbon composites. The SEM and TEM results corroborated on the flower-like morphologies of the nanocomposites from different reaction temperatures and reagents ratios. Moreover, the Co(OH) 2 -Co 3 O 4 spheres of hierarchically porous structure uniformly distributed on the carbon substrates. The ultra-lightweight composites featured the highly facile synthesis and superior performance. The minimum reflection loss of Co(OH) 2 -Co 3 O 4 /graphene nanocomposite reached −55.8 dB at 10.56 GHz with a coating of only 2.03 mm, and presented a relatively broad absorption bandwidth (R L ≤ −10 dB) in 8.4–12 GHz. Highlights • The Co(OH) 2 -Co 3 O 4 /graphene, Co(OH) 2 -Co 3 O 4 /MWCNT, Co(OH) 2 -Co 3 O 4 /CB nanocomposites were synthesized by solvothermal method. • The reaction mechanism was speculated based on the results of experiment and characterization. • The microwave absorption property depends on the types of carbon materials. • The utilization of crystallized water can be readily transplanted to alike syntheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without excess Li, anode‐free Li‐metal batteries (AFLMBs) have been proposed as the most likely solution to realizing highly‐safe and cost‐effective Li‐metal batteries. Nevertheless, short cyclic life puzzles conventional AFLMBs due to anodic dead Li accumulation with a local current concentration induced by irreversible electrolyte depletion, insufficient active Li reservoir and slow Li+ transfer at the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, SrI2 is introduced into carbon paper (CP) current collector to effectively suppress dead Li through synergistic mechanisms including reversible I−/I3− redox reaction to reactivate dead Li, dielectric SEI surface with SrF2 and LiF to prevent electrolyte decomposition and highly ionic conductive (3.488 mS cm−1) inner layer of SEI with abundant LiI to enable efficient Li+ transfer inside. With the SrI2‐modified current collector, the NCM532/CP cell delivers unprecedented cyclic performances with a capacity of 129.2 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without excess Li, anode‐free Li‐metal batteries (AFLMBs) have been proposed as the most likely solution to realizing highly‐safe and cost‐effective Li‐metal batteries. Nevertheless, short cyclic life puzzles conventional AFLMBs due to anodic dead Li accumulation with a local current concentration induced by irreversible electrolyte depletion, insufficient active Li reservoir and slow Li+ transfer at the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, SrI2 is introduced into carbon paper (CP) current collector to effectively suppress dead Li through synergistic mechanisms including reversible I−/I3− redox reaction to reactivate dead Li, dielectric SEI surface with SrF2 and LiF to prevent electrolyte decomposition and highly ionic conductive (3.488 mS cm−1) inner layer of SEI with abundant LiI to enable efficient Li+ transfer inside. With the SrI2‐modified current collector, the NCM532/CP cell delivers unprecedented cyclic performances with a capacity of 129.2 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to introduce compound glycyrrhizin injection for the treatment of rosacea by mesoderm therapy, and further analyze the therapeutic and aesthetic effects of this treatment method and its impact on the dermatological quality of life index, which provides new ideas and methods for cosmetic dermatology treatment of rosacea. Methods: The recruited rosacea patients were divided into Control group (n = 58) and observation group (n = 58) according to the random number table. The control group was treated with topical metronidazole clindamycin liniment, and the study group was additionally used mesoderm introduction of compound glycyrrhizin injection. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL), water content in corneum, and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) in rosacea patients were evaluated. Results: Our results showed that the scores of erythema, flushing, telangiectasia, and papulopustule were significantly reduced in the observation group. In addition, the observation group significantly decreased TEWL and increased the water content of the stratum corneum. Furthermore, the observation group significantly reduced the DLQI of rosacea patients compared to the control group. Conclusion: The use of mesoderm therapy combined with compound glycyrrhizic acid has a therapeutic effect on facial rosacea and improves patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have aroused extensive interest in the field of energy storage owing to the ultrahigh anode capacity. However, strong solvation of Li+ and slow interfacial ion transfer associated with conventional electrolytes limit their long‐cycle and high‐rate capabilities. Herein an electrolyte system based on fluoroalkyl ether 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl‐1,1,2,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropyl ether (THE) and ether electrolytes is designed to effectively upgrade the long‐cycle and high‐rate performances of LMBs. THE owns large adsorption energy with ether‐based solvents, thus reducing Li+ interaction and solvation in ether electrolytes. With THE rich in fluoroalkyl groups adjacent to oxygen atoms, the electrolyte owns ultrahigh polarity, enabling solvation‐free Li+ transfer with a substantially decreased energy barrier and ten times enhancement in Li+ transference at the electrolyte/anode interface. In addition, the uniform adsorption of fluorine‐rich THE on the anode and subsequent LiF formation suppress dendrite formation and stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase layer. With the electrolyte, the lithium metal battery with a LiFePO4 cathode delivers unprecedented cyclic performances with only 0.0012% capacity loss per cycle over 5000 cycles at 10 C. Such enhancement is consistently observed for LMBs with other mainstream electrodes including LiCoO2 and LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2, suggesting the generality of the electrolyte design for battery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have aroused extensive interest in the field of energy storage owing to the ultrahigh anode capacity. However, strong solvation of Li+ and slow interfacial ion transfer associated with conventional electrolytes limit their long‐cycle and high‐rate capabilities. Herein an electrolyte system based on fluoroalkyl ether 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl‐1,1,2,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropyl ether (THE) and ether electrolytes is designed to effectively upgrade the long‐cycle and high‐rate performances of LMBs. THE owns large adsorption energy with ether‐based solvents, thus reducing Li+ interaction and solvation in ether electrolytes. With THE rich in fluoroalkyl groups adjacent to oxygen atoms, the electrolyte owns ultrahigh polarity, enabling solvation‐free Li+ transfer with a substantially decreased energy barrier and ten times enhancement in Li+ transference at the electrolyte/anode interface. In addition, the uniform adsorption of fluorine‐rich THE on the anode and subsequent LiF formation suppress dendrite formation and stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase layer. With the electrolyte, the lithium metal battery with a LiFePO4 cathode delivers unprecedented cyclic performances with only 0.0012% capacity loss per cycle over 5000 cycles at 10 C. Such enhancement is consistently observed for LMBs with other mainstream electrodes including LiCoO2 and LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2, suggesting the generality of the electrolyte design for battery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a multiscale decomposition model for analysing the widespread deformation and complex dynamics mechanism of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We first carry out simulations to test the performance of the model by synthetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data for a network, whose geometry distribution is same with actual Crust Movement Observation Network of China in the southeast edge of the Tibetan Plateau. We then estimate the multiscale velocity field and strain rate field using observed data with 240 stations between 1999 and 2007. Results show that the deformation field at the different spatial scale corresponds to the different tectonic driving force and strain accumulation coverage. Tectonic background of the Tibetan Plateau, extrusion of the Sichuan–Yunnan rhombic block, rigid block motion, interior deformation of the block and segmented motion of fault zones are separately displayed in the corresponding scale, which provides a strong support keys to the understanding of the controversial deformation models for the tectonic evolution and uplift mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau. Our results also show that scale 7 with the coverage of about 50 km can better reflect the seismogenic background of mid-strong earthquakes (> M s 5.0) of the region. The convergence area of high compression and inflation strain or the high-value area of maximum shear strain at scale 7 is obviously correlated with seismic activities, including 2008 Wenchuan M s 8.0 earthquake, no significant pre-seismic deformation across fault in other scales. Our research provides a new insight into the nature of tectonic deformation and the seismic risk assessment of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wideband microwave absorber is requested to have the impedance matching and attenuation ability, which can be realized by the general strategy of component-optimization. Taking graphene-based hybrids for an example, the impedance matching ability can be significant improved when combining graphene with others components with lower dielectric properties. However, the benefited component usually has poor dielectric loss ability undermining the overall attenuation ability. To address this issue, this research reports a progress on the nanostructure of promising component by the in-situ growth of nanoflake-like Co 2 (OH) 3 Cl on graphene, which is favorable for boosting the dielectric-response to the microwaves. As a result, the composite showed superior performance with the ultralow density of merely 0.1 ± 0.01 g/cm3. A minimal reflection loss (R L) value of −52 dB could be achieved with a loading ratio of 20 wt% with a thickness of merely 1.42 mm. Meanwhile, the qualified frequency region is ∼3.44 GHz. To investigate the attenuation mechanism, more Co 2 (OH) 3 Cl/graphene hybrids were developed by tuning the reaction conditions, e.g. , pH values, starting amount of Co slates etc. Synthesizing nanocomposite of Co 2 (OH) 3 Cl and graphene opens a new avenue toward the more efficient electromagnetic absorption devices. • The Co 2 (OH) 3 Cl wase synthesized by one-pot solvothermal method, which was scalable and environmental-friendly. It is superior to other methods reported previously. • The composite showed ultralight performance with the density of 0.1±0.01 g/cm3. • The Co 2 (OH) 3 Cl/graphene composite was applied into microwave absorption for the first time. A minimal reflection loss (R L) value of -52 dB could be achieved with a loading ratio of 20 wt%, and 1.42 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]